昌平區(qū)2022-2023學年第一學期高三年級期末質量抽測

英語試卷

筆試部分

本試卷共12頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答

無效。考試結束后，將答題卡交回。

第一部分知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）

第一節(jié)（共10小題;每小題L5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

RecentlymywifeandIwereflyingacrossthecountry.Wewereabouttoboardour]whenawoman

sittingnexttoushadamedicalepisode.

Icamebackfromtherestroomandsatdownnexttomywife,wholeanedintomeandwhispered"Something's

2.“Awomanwascollapsingandquicklylostcontrolofherbody.I3andbentinfrontofher,asking

ifshewasokay.

She4herselfasMissJackie.ItoldherthatIwasnota5,butIwasthereforhertohelpinany

waysheneeded.

InonehandIheldhersandwithmyotherhandIsupportedherhead,carefullyaskingwhatwashappening.She

6thatshehadacondition.Whenherbodyisexposedtoalotofstress,herbodygoesintoanervous

breakdown.

Sheexplainedthatshehadsufferedfromthis7conditionforthirtyyearsandwouldbe"perfectlyfinein

justawhile”.JustlikeJackiesaid,shewascompletelyfinewithinabouttwentyminutes.AsIwasstillconcerned

abouther,Jackieagreedtoboardwithmy8.1stayedbehindtoensuresheboardedtheplanesafeandsound.

9,whatJackieneededwassomeonetolistentoher.Don'tbeafraidtolistentostrangersandhelpthem

out.Everyonehastheirownbattlesand10andsometimestheyjustneedsomeonetocare.

1.A.shipB.trainC.busD.flight

2.A.extraordinaryB.differentC.wrongD.unfamiliar

3.A.jumpedupB.pulledupC.madeupD.wokeup

4.A.explainedB.introducedC.claimedD.described

5.A.judgeB.policemanC.journalistD.doctor

6.A.revealedB.insistedC.deniedD.expected

7.A.normalB.casualC.terribleD.necessary

8.A.controlB.accompanyC.agreementD.appointment

9A.StrangelyB.CertainlyC.NaturallyD.Actually

10.A.conflictsB.strugglesC.competitionsD.campaigns

【答案】l.D2.C3.A4.B5.D6.A7.C8.B9.D10.B

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者和他的妻子在旅行時幫助了一位患病的婦女登上飛機的故事，

同時作者也呼吁人們要勇于傾聽和幫助別人。

【1題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我們正準備登機時坐在我們旁邊的一位女士突然發(fā)病了。A.ship船；B.train火

車；C.bus汽車；D.flight航班。根據(jù)前文*lRecentlymywifeandIwereflyingacrossthecountry.”可知,最

近作者和他的妻子將要坐飛機穿越這個國家，推斷出他們正準備登機。故選D項。

【2題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我從洗手間回來，坐在我妻子的旁邊，她靠過來低聲說：“有點不對勁兒

A.extraordinary不同尋常的；B.different不同的；C.wrong（身體）有毛病的；D.unfamiliar不熟悉的。根

據(jù)后文“Awomanwascollapsingandquicklylostcontrolofherbody.”可知，一位婦女倒下了并且身體快速地

失去控制，推斷出作者的妻子發(fā)現(xiàn)旁邊的婦女身體出了問題。故選C項。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意：我跳起來在她面前俯下身，問她是否還好。A.jumpedup跳起來；B.pulledup

阻止；C.madeup彌補；D.wokeup醒來。根據(jù)前文“satdownnexttomywife”可知，作者當時是坐在椅子

上的，由于突發(fā)的情況，推斷出他是從椅子上跳起來幫助這個婦女。故選A項。

【4題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她介紹說她是MissJackie。A.explained解釋；B.introduced介紹；C.claimed聲

明;D.described描述。根據(jù)前文"I3andbentinfrontofher,askingifshewasokay."可知,作者在詢

問這位婦女的情況，推斷出婦女是在回答作者的問題，所以介紹了自己的名字。故選B項。

【5題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我告訴她我不是醫(yī)生，但是如果她有任何需要我都會盡力幫助她。A.judge裁判，

法官；B.policeman警察；C.journalistid#；D.doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)后文"InonehandIheldhersandwithmyother

handIsupportedherhead,carefullyaskingwhatwashappening."可知，作者一手扶著她的手而另一只手托著

她的頭，仔細詢問她發(fā)生了什么情況，說明作者看不出婦女的病情，推斷出他并不是醫(yī)生。故選D項。

【6題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：她透露說她有疾病。A.revealed透露；B.insisted堅持；C.denied否認；D.expected

期盼。根據(jù)前文"carefullyaskingwhatwashappening”可知作者詢問了她的情況，所以她告訴作者她的疾病。

故選A項。

【7題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他只是說他患有這種糟糕的癥狀已經有三十年了，過一會兒就會完全好起來。

A.normal正常的；B.casual隨意的；C.terrible糟糕的：D.necessary必要的。根據(jù)前文“Awomanwascollapsing

andquicklylostcontrolofherbody."可知，婦女發(fā)病的時候很痛苦，不能控制自己的身體，推斷出她認為這

個疾病很糟糕。故選C項。

【8題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因為我仍舊擔心她，Jackie同意在我的陪伴下登機。A.control控制；B.accompany

陪伴；C.agreement同意；D.appointment約會。根據(jù)后文“Istayedbehindtoensuresheboardedtheplanesafe

andsound."可知，作者站在婦女的身后確保她平安健康地登上飛機，推斷出作者是陪伴著Jackie登上飛機

的。故選B項。

【9題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：事實上，Jack真正需要的是有個人聽她說話。A.Strangely奇怪地；B.Certainly

確定;C.Naturally自然地；D.Actually事實上。根據(jù)后文"whatJackieneededwassomeonetolistentoher”

可知，Jackie只是需要有人聽她說話這是一個客觀事實，“事實上”符合句意。故選D項。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：每個人都有自己的斗爭與難事，并且有些時候他們需要的僅僅是某些人的關心。

A.conflicts沖突；B.struggles難事；C.competitions比賽；D.campaigns戰(zhàn)役。根據(jù)前文”She__6___thatshe

hadacondition."可知，她患有疾病就是她面臨的難事。故選B項。

第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)

A

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

Smarthomesaremarketedasthefuture:makinglifeeasier,11(good),fasterandcheaper.Theypromise

toprovideconveniencefor12(use)andgivethemcontrolovereventsintheirhomes—13athomeor

not—aswellasprovidingcomfortandenergyefficiency,forexamplesensingtemperatureandautomatingair

conditioningorheating.

【答案】11.better

12.users13.whether

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了智能家居的優(yōu)點。

[11題詳解】

考查比較級。句意：智能家居被營銷為未來：讓生活更輕松、更好、更快、更便宜。根據(jù)句中easier,faster

和cheaper可知，此處應用比較級形式。故填better。

【12題詳解】

考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：它們承諾為用戶提供便利，讓他們控制家中的事件一一無論是否在家一一以及提供

舒適和能源效率，例如傳感溫度和自動化空調或供曖。根據(jù)句意可知，此處表示“使用者”；根據(jù)代詞them

可知，應用名詞的復數(shù)形式。故填users。

【13題詳解】

考查固定句型。句意；它們承諾為用戶提供便利，讓他們控制家中的事件一一無論是否在家一一以及提供

舒適和能源效率，例如傳感溫度和自動化空調或供暖。固定句型whether...ornot…"無論是……還是……

故填whether?

B

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

WhenMarilyntriedtosorthermother'sthings,shecouldfindnothingshewanted14(keep).Sheleafed

throughphotoalbums(相冊)forapictureofherselfwithhermotherandcouldn'tfindone.OnlyMarilynin

kindergartenpigtails;Marilyninthirdgradewilha15(miss)fronttooth;Marilynataschoolpartywitha

papercrown(王冠)16herhead.TherewerethreephotoalbumsofMarilyn.Notasingleshotofhermother.

【答案】14.tokeep

15.missing

16.on

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述瑪麗蓮試圖整理她母親的東西時發(fā)現(xiàn)的照片。

【14題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：當瑪麗蓮試圖整理她母親的東西時，她找不到任何她想要保留的東西。固定搭配

wanttodosth.“想要做某事"。故填tokeep。

【15題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：三年級的瑪麗蓮缺了一顆門牙。此處修飾名詞fronttooth,應用形容詞，作定語。故填

missing?

【16題詳解】

考查介詞。句意：瑪麗蓮在學校聚會上，頭上戴著紙王冠。此處是“with+名詞/+介詞短語”的復合結構，

名詞head前用介詞on。故填on。

C

閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白

處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

Rainbombs17(create)whenhotairmixeswithcoldair,causingstreamsofairtodrop.However,asthe

coldairfalls,itpicksupmoisturefromthehotair,18producesheavyrainfalls.Researchershavefoundthat

climatechange19(play)abigroleinthecreationofrainbombs.Asrainfallsincrease,energyisreleased,

causingmorewatertoevaporate(蒸發(fā))fromtheoceans.Becauseofthiscycle,manyclaimthatrainbombs2()

(increase)by80%bytheendofthecentury.

【答案】17.willbecreated

18.which19.plays

20.willhaveincreased

【解析】

【導語】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了暴雨的形成原因及其過程。

【17題詳解】

考查謂語。句意：當冷空氣與熱空氣混合時，就會形成暴雨，使氣流下降。分析句子結構可知，該句包含

when引導的時間狀語從句，主句該處缺謂語動詞，主將從現(xiàn)，可知應用一般將來時，且主語與改動詞之間

形成被動關系。故填willbecreated?

【18題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：然而，當冷空氣下降時，它會收集來自于熱空氣中的水分，它會形成暴雨。分析句

子結構可知，該處缺主語，為非限制性定語從句，且先行詞為moisture,指物，故填which。

【19題詳解】

考查謂語。句意：研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)氣候改變在暴雨形成過程中扮演重大的角色。分析句子結構可知，該處缺

謂語，結合上下文，應用一般現(xiàn)在時，且主語是三單形式，故填plays。

20題詳解】

考查謂語。句意：由于這種循環(huán)，很多人宣稱到這個世紀末，暴雨會增加百分之八十。分析句子結構可知，

該處缺謂語，且由句子中bytheendofthecenlury可知，應使用將來完成時，故填willhaveincreased。

第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該

項涂黑。

A

Readanyinterestingbookslately?Wewanttohearaboutthem,sowe'rehostingaReviewBlitz!Wewant

reasonablereviewsinonemonth!Thesereviewsmustbeyourhonestopinions.Don'trushthroughwritingthem,

becausewe'llbepayingattentiontoquality!

Deadline:Feb.1.2023

Rules:Youmustbeateen(aged13-19)withaTeenCreativityaccounttoenter.

?Submissionsmustrelatetothetopic.

?Eachreviewmusthaveaminimumof250words.

?Thereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit.

Guidelines:

?Giveabriefsummaryofthebook.Don'texplaintheentireplotortellyourreaderhowthebookends.

?Tellthereaderwhatyoulikeordislikeaboutthebook,suchastheme,characters,writingstyle,etc.

?Recommendthebooktocertainreaders.Isthebookmoresuitabletoolderteens?Wouldsciencefictionfansbe

interestedinthisbook?It'shelpfulforreaderstothinkaboutthebookinthecontextofotherbooksthey'veread.

?Rememberthatit'sokaytohaveastrongopinion!Avoidstartingsentenceswith“Ithink","Ibelieve^^or“In

myopinion”.

Prizes:

?Allparticipantswillreceiveacertificate.

?FirstprizewinnerswilleachhaveonereviewpublishedinTeenCreativitymagazineandgetafree6-month

magazinesubscription.

?Secondprizewinnerswilleachgelafree3-monthmagazinesubscriptionandreceivea$25giftcard.

?You'llreceivetheseprizesbeforeSep.28,2023.

Submityourworkstoteencrealivity.com.Wehopereviewingbooksbringsyoujoy.Don'tthinkofwritinga

reviewasanassignment;imagineyouarewritingtoabestfriendwholovesreadingasmuchasyoudo!

21.TheparticipantsofReviewBlitz.

A.needtobeatleast12yearsoldB.cansubmitmorethanonereview

C.shoulduploadworksbeforeSep.28D.mustexpressopinionswithin250words

22.Whatwillallwinnersgetbesidescertificates?

A.Giftcards.B.Cashawards.

CFreemagazines.D.Publishedreviews.

23.Whichsentenceshouldbeavoidedinthereview?

AThemaincharacterBillsurvivesatlast.

B.Theauthor'suseofimageryismasterful.

C.Thetalkbetweenthecousinsisunbelievable.

D.FansoftheHarryPotterserieswilllovethisbook.

【答案】21.B22.C23.A

【解析】

【導語】本文是一則應用文。文章主要介紹邀請讀者對讀過的書寫書評的活動一一評論閃電戰(zhàn)。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Rules部分uThereisnolimittothenumberofpiecesyoucansubmit.（你可以提交的作品數(shù)

量沒有限制）”可知，參加者可以提交的作品數(shù)量沒有限制。故選B。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)Prizes部分”?Allparticipantswillreceiveacertificate.?Firstprizewinnerswilleachhaveone

reviewpublishedinTeenCreativitymagazineandgetafree6-monthmagazinesubscription.?Secondprizewinners

willeachgetafree3-monthmagazinesubscriptionandreceivea$25giftcard.（?所有參加者都將獲得證書。?

一等獎獲得者每人將有一篇評論發(fā)表在《青少年創(chuàng)造力》雜志上，并可免費訂閱6個月的雜志。?二等獎

得主每人可免費訂閱3個月的雜志，并獲得25美元的禮品卡）”可知，所有參加者除了獲得證書之外，還可

以獲得免費訂閱的雜志。故選C。

【23題詳解】

名田節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)Guidelines部分“Giveabriefsummaryofthebook.Don'texplaintheentireplotortellyour

readerhowthebookends.（對這本書做一個簡短的總結。不要解釋整個情節(jié)，也不要告訴你的讀者這本書的

結局）”可知，寫書評時不要寫書的結局。故選A。

B

MynameisLeo.Ineverthoughtofmyselfasaspecialperson,butIalwaysdreamedtobeasuperherolike

BatmanandSuperman.

Onemorning,Iawoke,slippedoutofbedandlookedoutofthewindow.Therewasaworldcoveredinaseaof

whitesnow.Ihurriedtogetdressedandsetouttotakeawalkinthesnowwithmydrone（無人機）.

WhenIwanderedintheparknearmyhome,Isawthefrozenriverlyingtherepeacefully.Then,ayounggirl

cameintomysight.Sheranhappily,followedbyhermomfromadistance.Suddenly,shewassoexcitedthatshe

accidentallyrushedtotheiceontheriver.Therewasacreak（嘎吱聲）andthegirl,sensingsomethingwrong,said

“Mommy!”justbeforetheicegaveway.Withasplash（落水聲），theyounggirlcrashedthroughtheice.Atthat

momenttwothingshappenedtome.Firstly,Istoodmorealertly（警覺地）thanIhadeverbeenbeforeinmylife.

Secondly,Iwasonthemove.

Ididn'tknowwhatovercamemebutIneededtohelp.Thepreciousdroneinmyhandcrashedtothegroundand

wascrushedbymeasIran.Ithrewoffmyjacketandscarfwhilerunning,knowingtheywouldweighmedown.As

thewomanyelled"Help!”atpassers-by,Iwasalreadymovingacrosstheicetogetthegirl.Itriedtopullherupbut

theicefurtherbrokeandIfellintoo.Asthewaterbegantomakemeverycoldtothebone,Ithoughtonlyofthe

younggirl.Igraspedherunderthearmsandpushedherupontotheiceneartheedge.Iwasofalmostnohelpsothe

motherreachedoutandpulledherdaughterintoherarms.

“Takehe匚Soc-c-ccold."IsaidasIpushedthegirlupwards.

ThewomanturnedbacktohelpmeusingthescarfbutIwasnowheretobeseen.Blacknessenvelopedme.

WithastartIawoke!TherewerefiremenallaroundmeandIwaslyinginthesnowwithamaskonmyface.

Cheersbrokeoutaroundme.Mylifereallychanged.ItwasaspiritanditdidcometomebecauseIwasatruehero.

24.WhathappenedwhenLeowasinthepark?

A.Hisdronelandedintheriver.B.Hisjacketandscarfwerelost.

C.Ayounggirlfellintotheicecave.D.Awomancrashedthroughtheice.

25.WhatwasLeothinkingwhenhewasinthewater?

A.Hecouldbearealherothistime.B.Heregrettedthrowingoffhisstuff.

C.HewonderedwhoelsecouldhelpD.Heneededtosavethepersonquickly.

26.Accordingtothepassage,howdidLeofeelintheend?

A.Worried.B.Proud.

C.Confused.D.Shocked

27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLeo?

A.Braveandselfless.B.Intelligentandambitious.

C.Cautiousandsmart.D.Generousandoptimistic.

【答案】24.C25.D26.B27.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述「作者Leo在公園里下救下掉入冰洞落水女孩的故事。

【24題詳解】

名田節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“WhenIwanderedintheparknearmyhome,Isawthefrozenriverlyingthere

peacefully...Therewasacreak（嘎吱聲）andthegirl,sensingsomethingwrong,said“Mommy!”justbeforetheice

gaveway.Withasplash（落水聲）,theyounggirlcrashedthroughtheice.（當我在我家附近的公園里漫步時，我看

到冰凍的河流靜靜地躺在那里……嘎吱一聲，小女孩感覺到有什么不對勁，在冰層坍塌之前叫了一聲“媽

媽！隨著一聲水花四濺，那個年輕的女孩撞破了冰層，落水了）”可知，當Leo在公園時，一個小女孩掉

進了冰洞里，落水了，故選C。

【25題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Asthewaterbegantomakemeverycoldtothebone,Ithoughtonlyoftheyoung

girl.（當水開始讓我感到徹骨的寒冷時，我想的只是那個年輕的女孩）”可知，當Leo在水中時，想到的只是

要盡快救出落水女孩。故選D。

【26題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Mylifereallychanged.ItwasaspiritanditdidcometomebecauseIwasatrue

hero.（我的人生真的改變了。這是一種精神，它確實來我這，因為我是一個真正的英雄）”可知，Leo認為自

己是一個真正的英雄。由此推知，文章最后表明他感到很自豪，故選B。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“ThepreciousdroneinmyhandcrashedtothegroundandwascrushedbymeasIran.

Ithrewoffmyjacketandscarfwhilerunning,knowingtheywouldweighmedown...Asthewaterbegantomake

meverycoldtothebone,Ithoughtonlyoftheyounggirl.（我手中珍貴的無人機墜落在地上，在我奔跑的時候被

我壓碎了。我在跑步的時候脫掉了外套和圍巾，知道它們會把我壓垮……當水開始讓我感到非常寒冷，我

只想到了那個年輕的女孩）”可知，當Leo看到女孩落水后，不顧自己珍貴的無人機摔碎，直接去救女孩，

而且在水中的時候所想的也只有救女孩，完全不顧自己很冷。由此推知，Leo是一個勇敢且無私的人。故選

Ao

C

Mostenvironmentalpollutioncomesfromhumansandtheirinventions.Theelectricbulbsarethoughttobeone

ofthegreatesthumaninventionsofalltime.However,toomuchofagoodthinghasstartedtonegativelyimpactthe

environment.Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificiallight,isaffectinghumanhealth

andwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,andeveryonecanhelp.

Lightpollutionisaglobalissue.ThisbecameparticularlyobviouswhentheWorldAtlas（地圖冊）ofNightSky

Brightness,acomputer-generatedmapbasedonthousandsofsatellitephotos,waspublishedin2016.Vastareasof

NorthAmerica,Europe,theMiddleEast,andAsiaareglowingwithlight,whileonlySiberia,theSahara,andthe

Amazonareintotaldarkness.

Artificiallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinbothhumansandanimals.Itinterruptssleepand

confusesthecircadianrhythm（生理節(jié)奏）一theinternal,twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivities

andaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyalllivingorganisms.Oneoftheseprocessesistheproductionofthe

hormonemelatonin（褪黑素），whichisreleasedwhenitisdarkandispreventedwhenthereislight.Anincreased

amountoflightatnightlowersmelatoninproduction,whichresultsinlackofsleep,headaches,stress,anxiety,and

otherhealthproblems.Bluelight,inparticular,hasbeenshowntoreducelevelsofmelatonininhumans.Itisfoundin

cellphonesandothercomputerdevices,aswellasinlight-emittingdiodes（LEDs）,thekindsofbulbsthathave

becomepopularathomeandinindustrialandcitylightingduetotheirlowcostandenergyefficiency.

Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchasmigration（遷徙）patternsand

habitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduringmigrationgetconfused,lose

theirway,andoftendie.Largenumbersofinsects,aprimaryfoodsourceforbirdsandotheranimals,aredrawnto

artificiallightandareinstantlykilleduponcontactwithlightsources.Evenanimalslivingunderthedeepseamaybe

affectedbyunderwaterartificiallighting.Onestudylookedathowanimalsinsearespondedtobrightlylitpanelsput

underwateroffthecoastofWales.Fewerfilterfeedinganimals（濾食性動物），suchastheseasquirt（海鞘），made

theirhomesnearthelightedpanels.Thiscouldmeanthattheartificiallightisalteringoceanecosystems.

Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherformsofpollution,isreversible（可逆的）andeachone

ofuscanmakeadifference!Now,manypeoplearetakingactiontoreducelightpollutionandbringbackthenatural

nightsky.Individualsareurgedtouseoutdoorlightingonlywhenandwhereitisneeded,tomakesureoutdoorlights

areproperlyshielded（遮擋）anddirectlightdowninsteadofupintothesky,andtoclosewindowblinds,shades,and

curtainsatnighttokeeplightinside.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wreakhavocon“inPara.3probablymean?

A.Greatlyimprove.B.Wellmaintain.

C.Strictlymanage.D.Seriouslydamage.

29.Accordingtothepassage,whichwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Lightpollutionwasfirststudiedasaglobalissuein2016.

B.Deep-seaenvironmentcanhelpanimalsavoidlightpollution.

C.Artificiallightaffectsthesenseofdirectionandhabitsofanimals.

D.LEDscanbeusedmorebecauseoflowcostandenergyefficiency.

30.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecontroloflightpollution?

A.Unconcerned.B.Negative.

C.Neutral.D.Positive.

31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tocallonpeopletoreducelightpollution.

B.Todiscussforsandagainstsofartificiallight.

C.Togivesuggestionstoprotectenvironment.

D.Toshowdevelopmentprospectofartificiallight.

【答案】28.D29.C30.D31.A

【解析】

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了人造光對人類和動物的危害，呼吁我們要行動起來，減少光污

染。

【28題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段劃線短語下文"Itinterruptssleepandconfusesthecircadianrhylhm（生理節(jié)奏）一the

internal,twenty-four-hourclockthatguidesdayandnightactivitiesandaffectsphysiologicalprocessesinnearlyall

livingorganisms.（它會干擾睡眠，擾亂晝夜節(jié)律——幾乎所有生物體內指導晝夜活動并影響生理過程的24

小時生物鐘）”和下文提到的人造光對人類和動物造成的危害可知，人造光會打擾睡眠，擾亂生理節(jié)律，對

人類和動物產生危害，結合劃線短語所在句子"ArtiHciallightcanwreakhavoconnaturalbodyrhythmsinboth

humansandanimals.（人造光可以對人類和動物的自然節(jié)律wreakhavocon。）”可推知，人造光可以對人類和

動物的自然節(jié)律造成嚴重破壞。由此可知，劃線短語“wreakhavocon”意思與D項“嚴重損害”意思一樣，

故選D。

【29題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中“Studiesshowthatlightpollutionisalsoimpactinganimalbehaviors,suchas

migration（遷徙）patternsandhabitatformation.Becauseoflightpollution,seaturtlesguidedbymoonlightduring

migrationgetconfused,losetheirway,andoftendie.（研究表明，光污染也影響動物的行為，如遷徙模式和棲息

地的形成。由于光污染，在月光引導下的海龜在遷徙過程中容易迷路，甚至死亡。）”可知，人造光影響動

物的方向感和習性。故選C。

【30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中"Thegoodnewsisthatlightpollution,unlikemanyotherfonnsofpollution,is

reversible（可逆的）andeachoneofuscanmakeadifference!（好消息是，光污染，不像其他形式的污染，是可

逆的，我們每個人都可以做出改變?。笨芍?，光污染是可逆的，每個人都可以做出改變，由此可推知，作

者對光污染控制的態(tài)度是積極樂觀的，故選D。

[31題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“Lightpollution,theextremeorinappropriateuseofoutdoorartificial

light,isaffectinghumanhealthandwildlifebehavior.Thereisaglobalmovementtoreducelightpollution,and

everyonecanhelp.（光污染，極端或不適當?shù)氖褂脩敉馊斯す?，正在影響人類健康和野生動物的行為。有一個

減少光污染的全球運動，每個人都可以幫忙。）”可知，文章主要介紹了人造光對人類和動物的危害，呼吁

我們要行動起來，減少光污染，所以文章的寫作目的是呼吁人們減少光污染。故選A。

D

Therearehundredsofbacterial（細菌的）speciesinourstomach.Bacterialdiversityisagoodthing,ageneral

contributortoandmarkerofgoodhealth.Butwhatdoesahealthystomachlooklike?Studiesindicatethatthe

compositionvariesbymanyfactors.

Oneofthemostimportant,itturnsout,iswhoyoucuirentlylivewith.Researchershavecometotheconclusion:

Dietandheritability（遺傳力）areknowntoaffectthemicrobiome（微生物組）,butsocialrelationshipsshapeit

most-especiallywhenitcomestomarriage.TheDutchProject,whichstudiedmicrobesin8,208individuals

belongingtothreegenerations,findsthattheheritabilityofmicrobesisonly1.9percent.Theynoticedmuchgreater

similarityamongtheunrelatedindividualssharingahouseholdthanamongrelativeswhodonotsharehouseholds,

includingtwinswhoselivingsituationsdifferinadulthood.

Theresearchersfoundthatnearly50percentofmicrobialtypesweresignificantlyaffectedbycohabitation.In

general,themicrobiomesofalltypesofcohabitors（includingparentsandchildren）weremoresimilarthanthoseof

participantslivingseparatelynomattertheirrelatedness.Marriedcoupleswhoreporthavingaclose,loving

relationshiphavethemostsimilarity.Evidenceofmicrobialsharing,especiallyofrarespecies,showsexchanges

throughinteractions.Andthatputshighlightonactsofcloserelationship-includingkissing.Scientistshaveknown

fordecadesthatsocialrelationships,especiallymarriage,powerfullyaffecthealth.Notonlyarethemicrobiomesof

cohabitingcouplesmoresimilartoeachother;theyalsoaremoresimilarlydiverse.Thereisagreaterrichnessof

speciesthaninunmarried,noncohabitingindividuals.

Despitethedominatinginfluenceofaclose,cohabitingrelationship,themicrobiomecanbedifferentindiet,

especiallyonerichinplantfiber.Itcanalsobeinfluencedbybehavior,suchasfarmingandgardeningandexercise.

Moreover,it'sadaptabletoenvironment-greenspaceandpollutantsaroundyou.Livinginaruralenvironment

bringsincreasesinbacterialinkedtohealth,anddecreasesinbacteriathatareharmful.Livingwithpetsalsohasa

positiveeffectonthemicrobiome,whileexposuretoairpollution,especiallycarexhaust,andpassiveexposureto

cigarettesmokehavenegativeeffects.

Itcanalsobeaffectedbydirectadditionofspecificspeciesofbacteria,deliveredinconsumableprobiotics（口

月艮益生菌）.Thereareprobioticsnowmarketedfordigestivehealth,othersaimedatimmunehealth,andstillothers

forboostingmood.Nowthatit'sclearthatsocialrelationsplaythelargestroleinthemakeupofthemicrobiome,can

probioticsforsinglesbefarbehind?

32.Whichgrouphasthemostsimilarmicrobiomes?

A.Husbandandwife.B.Adulttwins.

C.Grandfatherandgrandson.D.Colleagues.

33.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

A.Diethasadominatinginfluenceonmicrobiomes.

B.Cohabitationishelpfulforustohaveabalanceddiet.

C.Socialrelationsplayasimilarroleassomeprobiotics.

D.Themicrobiomesincouplesarelessdiversethansingles.

34.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.WhoAretheHealthiestPeople?B.HowDoesSocialLifeAffectOurHealth?

C.WhatWillaHealthyStomachLookLike?D.HowDoMicrobiomesWorkinOurBody?

【答案】32.A33.C34.C

【解析】

【導語】文章是一篇說明文，介紹了一個健康的胃的組成是有很多不同的因素。

【32題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Researchershavecometotheconclusion:Dietandheritability（遺傳力）areknownto

affectthemicrobiome（微生物組），butsocialrelationshipsshapeitmost-especiallywhenitcomestomarriage.

（研究人員得出結論:飲食遺傳力已知會影響微生物組，但社會關系影響最大，尤其是婚姻關系。）以及“They

noticedmuchgreatersimilarityamongtheunrelatedindividualssharingahouseholdthanamongrelativeswhodo

notsharehouseholds,includingtwinswhoselivingsituationsdifferinadulthood."（同住一個家庭