Grammarlesson5形容詞、副詞形容詞定義：用來(lái)修飾名詞，表示人或事物的性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)和特征的詞，常用來(lái)修飾名詞或不定代詞的詞叫形容詞。作用，見(jiàn)下表：定語(yǔ)Youcanseealotofbeautifulflowersinthegarden.表語(yǔ)Yourcoatistoosmall.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theoldwomankeepseverythingcleanandtidy.用法：①有些形容詞只能作表語(yǔ)，不能作前置定語(yǔ)【難點(diǎn)】如：alone,alive,asleep,alike,afraid,ashamed,ill,well,unable,sure等。例如：Don'twakethesleepingbabyup.Heisasleep.Theoldmanisalone.②有些形容詞只能作定語(yǔ)，不能作表語(yǔ)【難點(diǎn)】如：little,live,elder,eldest.例如：Thereisalittlesheepeatinggrass.③作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，放在賓語(yǔ)之后，常與make,leave,keep,find等動(dòng)詞連用。例如:Theykeeptheclassroomcleaneveryday.他們每天保持教室干凈。WefinditimportanttolearnEnglishwell.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)學(xué)好英語(yǔ)很重要。④多個(gè)形容詞做定語(yǔ)時(shí)排列的先后順序是：限定詞+描繪詞(大小，長(zhǎng)短，形狀，新舊，長(zhǎng)幼，顏色)+出處+材料+材料+類別+名詞記憶口訣：縣官叔叔有一個(gè)美小圓舊黃法國(guó)木書(shū)房。（限定詞/冠詞/序數(shù)詞/基數(shù)詞/美丑/大小/形狀/新舊/顏色/國(guó)籍/材質(zhì)/名詞）Hisgrandpastilllivesinthissmallshorthouse.他爺爺還住在這個(gè)矮小的房子里。ThewomanboughttwobeautifulChineseplates.那個(gè)婦女買了兩個(gè)漂亮的中國(guó)盤子。⑤形容詞名詞化：有些形容詞前加定冠詞后變成名詞，表示一類人，這類詞有：rich/poor;good/bad;young/old;healthy/ill;living/dead;black/white(表示人種等)。它們作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Theyoungshouldtakegoodcareoftheold.年輕人應(yīng)該好好照顧老人。Therichneverhelpthepoorinthiscountry.在這個(gè)國(guó)家，富人從來(lái)不幫助窮人。⑥else要放在疑問(wèn)代詞或復(fù)合不定詞之后。如：Didyouseeanybodyelse?你看到別的人了嗎？⑦形容詞用來(lái)修飾something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代詞，要放在這些詞的后面。You'dbettertellussomethinginteresting.Thepolicefoundnothingstrangeintheroom.常見(jiàn)形容詞辨析alone和lonely意義及用法說(shuō)明例句alone獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)，可用作表語(yǔ)，放在名詞或代詞之后，可表示“只有，僅僅”的意思Hewasaloneinthehouse.lonely可作定語(yǔ)也可作表語(yǔ)。作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，意為“孤單的；偏僻的；荒涼的”作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，lonely表示“寂寞的，孤單的”alonelytravelleralonelyhouseHelivedalonelylifeallhislife.alive,living,live,lively意義及用法說(shuō)明例句alive意為“活著”，既可指人，也可指物；可用來(lái)作表語(yǔ)，后置定語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)。Nomanaliveisgreaterthanhe.Hewantedtokeepthefishalive.living“活著”強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)明“尚在人間”，“健在”，可用來(lái)指人或物，作定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。Myfirstteacherisstillliving.Englishisalivinglanguage.live指“實(shí)況轉(zhuǎn)播的”。Itwasalivebroadcast,notarecording.lively“活潑的”，“活躍”，“充滿生氣的”，可作定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)，既可指人，又可指物。Jennyisalivelygirl.Everythingislivelyhere.副詞定義：副詞（Adverb）是指在句子中表示行為或狀態(tài)特征的詞，用以修飾\t"://baike.baidu/_blank"動(dòng)詞、\t"://baike.baidu/_blank"形容詞、其他副詞或全句，表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度、方式等概念。分類及位置：方式副詞：一般用來(lái)回答“怎樣地”這類問(wèn)題，具有最典型的狀語(yǔ)形式，絕大部分都是由一個(gè)形容詞加詞尾ly構(gòu)成，一般放在行為動(dòng)詞之后。如calmly，carefully，carelessly，patiently，politely，proudly，properly，quickly，rapidly，suddenly，successfully，willingly，warmly。地點(diǎn)副詞：包括表示地點(diǎn)的副詞和表示位置關(guān)系、方向的副詞，一般放在句尾。如here,there,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,above,up,down,east,west等。時(shí)間副詞：有的表示確定時(shí)間，一般放在句首或句尾。如yesterday，today,tomorrow等；有的表示不確定的時(shí)間。如recently,nowadays,still,already,immediately,just等；有的表示時(shí)間順序。如now,then,first,next,later,before等。頻度副詞：主要指一定時(shí)間內(nèi)動(dòng)作發(fā)生的次數(shù)。一般放在be動(dòng)詞之后或者助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與主要?jiǎng)釉~之間。如：always，often，usually,seldom,never,sometimes等程度副詞：有時(shí)又叫強(qiáng)調(diào)副詞，有的從程度上強(qiáng)調(diào)，用來(lái)回答howmuch這類問(wèn)題，可用來(lái)修飾形容詞、副詞，有的還可用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、代詞和從句等。如abit,very,quite,rather,much,just,only等。這類副詞一般位于所修飾的詞前。Ifyoudon’ttry,youwillneversucceed.Itlooksabituglyasitis.(1)復(fù)合副詞。如：nowhere,everywhere,somehow,somewhat,therefore,anyway,somewhere,outdoors等。(2)派生副詞。如obvious→obviously,curious→curiously,surprising→surprisingly,skilled→skilledly等。（1）句子副詞：這類副詞往往和整個(gè)句子具有松散的語(yǔ)法關(guān)系，而并非修飾某個(gè)動(dòng)詞。Luckily,theliondidn’teatthebaby.類似的副詞有：actually,byall/nomeans,generally,indeed,inmyopinion,unexpectedly,no,now,obviously,yes,undoubtedly,luckily,seriously等。（2）連接副詞有：用來(lái)連接句子、分句或從句，表示各種關(guān)系，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。表示結(jié)果：therefore,accordingly等表示添補(bǔ)：besides,moreover等表示轉(zhuǎn)折：however等表示條件：otherwise等表示時(shí)間：then,lastly等關(guān)系副詞：常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，有when,where,why等Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.（4）疑問(wèn)副詞：常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)特殊疑問(wèn)句，有when,where,why,how.它們的位置總是在句首。Whendoyoutakeyournextexam?（5）感嘆副詞：表感嘆，常用來(lái)引導(dǎo)感嘆句。Howwellhelooks!副詞辨析1.howlong,howsoon,howoften,howfar副詞短語(yǔ)意義及用法說(shuō)明例句howlong多久，多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，對(duì)一個(gè)持續(xù)的時(shí)間段提問(wèn)，常用”for+時(shí)間段”或”since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)”回答—HowlonghaveyoubeeninChina?—Forthreemonths.howsoon多快，多久以后，對(duì)一個(gè)短暫性動(dòng)作提問(wèn)，用于一般將來(lái)時(shí)的句子中，常用”in+時(shí)間段”回答—Howsoonwillheeback?—Infiveminutes.howoften多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間一次，對(duì)頻率提問(wèn)，常用”once/twice/threetimesaweek等回答—Howoftendoyouvisityourgrandparents?—Onceaweek.howfar多遠(yuǎn)，對(duì)距離提問(wèn)—Howfarisitfromyourhometoyourschool?—Abouttwokilometers.副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句hard努力地，辛苦地，劇烈地，猛烈地是程度副詞It’sraininghard.hardly幾乎不是否定副詞Icanhardlyunderstandhiswords.3.muchtoo和toomuch副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句muchtoo非常，極其，太，修飾形容詞或副詞原級(jí)Thecarismuchtooexpensive.toomuch太多，修飾不可數(shù)名詞There’stoomuchraininsummer.4.too,aswell,also,either副詞(短語(yǔ))意義及用法說(shuō)明例句too也，一般用于肯定句，常放在句末HelikesEnglish,too.aswell一般用于肯定句，常放在句末Ilikeyouaswell.also常放在be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞之后，行為動(dòng)詞之前Icanalsoswim.either用于否定句，常放在句末Idon’tknowFrench,either.5.too,enough和so副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句too太，很，用于too...to...結(jié)構(gòu)，表示否定意義”太....而不能.....”He’stooyoungtogotherebyhimself.enough足夠，用于”形容詞/副詞原級(jí)+enoughto...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示”足夠......能......”Thecoachisbigenoughtoholdfiftypeople.so如此，用于”so...that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示”如此......以至于......”Theparkissobeautifulthatwecan’tstoptakingphotos.和yet副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句already常用于肯定句Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.yet常用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句句末Haveyouheardfromhimyet?副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句ago表示以現(xiàn)在為起點(diǎn)的“以前”，和表時(shí)間概念的詞組搭配使用，常用于一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子。Themeetingbeganfiveminutesago.before是指以過(guò)去或現(xiàn)在的某一時(shí)刻為基準(zhǔn)的“以前”，常用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句子里。IhaveneverbeentoSuzhoubefore.兼有兩種形式的副詞副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句close接近、靠近Helivesveryclosetome.他住的離我很近。closely仔細(xì)地Watchmeclosely.請(qǐng)仔細(xì)地觀察我。副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句late晚、遲Youhaveetoolate.lately最近Whathaveyoubeendoinglately?副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句deep深，表示空間深度Hepushedthestickdeepintothemud.deeply深深地，表示情感上的深度Iwasdeeplymovedbyhisstory.副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句high表示空間高度Thekiteflyinghigh.highly表示程度Hethoughthighlyofmyopinion.副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句wide表示空間寬度Heopenedthedoorwide.widely廣泛地Englishiswidelyusedintheworld.副詞意義及用法說(shuō)明例句free免費(fèi)Childrenunderfivetravelfree.freely無(wú)限制地Youcanspeakfreelyatthemeeting.形容詞變副詞的方法方法例詞大多數(shù)形容詞在詞尾加lycareful→carefullyquick→quicklybright→brightly以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞，把y變成i,再加lyeasy→easilyhappy→happilylucky→luckily以“元音字母+e”結(jié)尾的形容詞，去e再加lytrue→truly以le結(jié)尾的形容詞，去e再加yterrible→terriblysimple→simplypossible→possibly以ll結(jié)尾的形容詞變副詞時(shí)，直接加ychill→chillyfull→fully形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的變化方法如下：1)符合規(guī)則的：情況加法例詞一般情況直接加er;esttalltallertallest以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的詞加r;stnicenicernicest以“輔音+y”結(jié)尾的詞變y為i再加er;estdrydrierdriestheavyheavierheaviest以一個(gè)輔音字母結(jié)尾的詞輔音字母雙寫，再加er;estthinthinnerthinnest多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)單詞在詞前加more;mostmoredeliciousmostdelicious2）幾個(gè)不規(guī)則的形容詞和副詞的比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)如下表：原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)goodbetterbestbadworseworstmany/muchmoremostlittlelessleastfarfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest句型總結(jié)一、形容詞的原級(jí)的用法：1、說(shuō)明人或事物自身的性質(zhì)、特征或狀態(tài)時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)2、有表示程度的副詞very,so,too,enough,quite等修飾時(shí)用形容詞原級(jí)。3、原級(jí)比較即同級(jí)比較，表示兩者在某一方面相同時(shí)或不同時(shí)用原級(jí)。具體結(jié)構(gòu)如下：用法例句A+系動(dòng)詞/動(dòng)詞+as+原級(jí)+as+B,（肯定）意為“A與B一樣……”表示相同或相等（即A=B）.ChinaisalmostasbigastheUS,butitisthebiggestcountryinAsia.A+be/動(dòng)詞+not+so/as+原級(jí)+as+B（否定）意為“A不及B那樣……”表示不如或不相等（即A≠B）.Ican’trunasfastasmybrother.Ninaisnotaspatientasyou.A+be+倍數(shù)+as+形容詞原級(jí)+as+B意為“A是B的……倍”（常見(jiàn)倍數(shù)：一半half，一倍once，兩倍twice，三倍及以上：數(shù)字+times）。Ourschoolistwiceaslargeastheirs.asmuch/many/……+as，表示前后的數(shù)量相同。Johnearnsasmuchmoneyashisbrother.as+原級(jí)+as+用作比喻的名詞（多用于習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)）asbusyasabee/asblindasabat...形容詞的比較級(jí)的用法：比較級(jí)是兩者或者兩部分之間進(jìn)行比較:用法例句A+be+比較級(jí)+than+BA比B...;A＞BTheriverislongerthanthepond.Question1ismoredifficultthanquestion2.A+be+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+BMyhouseistwicebiggerthanyours.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)多音節(jié)詞：moreandmore+形容詞原級(jí)“越來(lái)越......”Danielisfatterandfatter.Vegetablesaremoreandmoreexpensive.“the+比較級(jí)...the+比較級(jí)...”越...就越...Theharderyoutry,thegreateryourprogresswillbe.“the+比較級(jí)”of+名詞表示“兩者之間較…的一個(gè)”時(shí)Heisthethinnerofthetwoboys.Which/Who+be+比較級(jí)，AorB?表示兩者之間進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)Whoistaller,DanielorTom?一般的形容詞的比較級(jí)前面可以加much/alittle/even/still,而表示數(shù)量的more之前還可以加some/any/no/one/two/many/several/alot等詞。Itismuchcoldertodaythanyesterday.Ihaveonemoreraincoatthanyou.形容詞的最高級(jí)的用法：用法例句A+be/動(dòng)詞+the+最高級(jí)+of/in/among+比較范圍Heisthetallestofthethreeboys.Jimwritesthemostcarelesslyinhisclass.A+be+oneof+the+最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)表示“A是…中最…之一”。Heisoneofthebestplayersintheschool.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中進(jìn)行選擇時(shí)，用句型：Which/Who+be/動(dòng)詞+the+最高級(jí)，A，BorC？Whichcityisthemostbeautiful,Beijing,ShanghaiorSuzhou?A+be+the+序數(shù)詞+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞單數(shù)+范圍”表示“第幾個(gè)最…”。Sheisthesecondtallestgirlinourclass.形容詞最高級(jí)前面可以用形容詞性物主代詞、指示代詞、名詞所有格等修飾，但不能再加theIgotintoafightwithmybestfriend.【專項(xiàng)練習(xí)比較級(jí)與最高級(jí)】1．Theweatherreportsaysitmaybemuch________(fog)tomorrow,andit’sdangeroustodriveathighspeedonsuchaday.2．Themorehemissedhisfriend,the__________(lonely)hefelt.3．DoyouthinkRoseisthe________oneofthetwinsisters?(pretty)4．Quasimodowas________thanothers,buthewasthekindest.(ugly)5．—PayingbyWeChatorAlipaymakespeople’slifemuch________(easy).―Quiteright.NowInevertakeawalletwithmewhenshopping.6．—Howamazing!Ihaveneverseena________(tiny)basket.Isitthesmallestone?—Yes,itisthesmallestbasketinourmuseum.7．WeChatmakesmunicationmuch________(easy).8．It’s________todaythanyesterday.Whataboutgoingonapicnicthisafternoon?(sun)9．The______thekitesfly,thesmallertheyseem.(high)【綜合練習(xí)】1.ThepopulationofChinais______thanthatof_____countryintheworld.A.muchmore;any 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