城市表層土壤重金屬污染分析摘要：本文在查閱大量文獻資料的基礎(chǔ)上，概括了重金屬污染及傳播的特點，危害及主要來源。對于問題一，考慮到對原始數(shù)據(jù)的分析、研究與處理，運用SPSS16.0中的TRANSFORM和GRAPHES功能，依據(jù)分組三維空間法建立空間分布模型，結(jié)合微積分的思想，將連續(xù)的空間分割后，分別研究8種主要重金屬的空間分布。同時采用數(shù)形結(jié)合的方式分析該城區(qū)內(nèi)不同區(qū)域重金屬的污染程度。在問題二中，通過線性規(guī)劃和數(shù)理統(tǒng)計來分析重金屬元素污染主要原因，對每種污染所帶來的影響加以權(quán)重，得出綜合污染程度：山區(qū)〈公園綠地區(qū)〈生活區(qū)〈交通區(qū)〈工業(yè)區(qū)，從功能區(qū)判定污染的主要原因。問題三，采用因子分析法，綜合污染指數(shù)，模糊數(shù)學來確定污染源的位置。并在原有模型的基礎(chǔ)上，采用克里金插值法以及內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染評價指數(shù)法對原模型加以改進和優(yōu)化，結(jié)合層次分析法研究城市地質(zhì)環(huán)境的演變模式。關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬污染；因子分析；綜合污染指數(shù)；層次分析法；SPSS一、問題重述隨著城市經(jīng)濟的快速發(fā)展和城市人口的不斷增加，人類活動對城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量的影響日顯突出。對城市土壤地質(zhì)環(huán)境異常的查證，以及如何應(yīng)用查證獲得的海量數(shù)據(jù)資料開展城市環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價，研究人類活動影響下城市地質(zhì)環(huán)境的演變模式，日益成為人們關(guān)注的焦點。按照功能劃分，城區(qū)一般可分為生活區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)、山區(qū)、主干道路區(qū)及公園綠地區(qū)等，分別記為1類區(qū)、2類區(qū)、……、5類區(qū)，不同的區(qū)域環(huán)境受人類活動影響的程度不同?，F(xiàn)對某城市城區(qū)土壤地質(zhì)環(huán)境進行調(diào)查。為此，將所考察的城區(qū)劃分為間距1公里左右的網(wǎng)格子區(qū)域，按照每平方公里1個采樣點對表層土（0~10厘米深度）進行取樣、編號，并用GPS記錄采樣點的位置。應(yīng)用專門儀器測試分析，獲得了每個樣本所含的多種化學元素的濃度數(shù)據(jù)。另一方面，按照2公里的間距在那些遠離人群及工業(yè)活動的自然區(qū)取樣，將其作為該城區(qū)表層土壤中元素的背景值。附件1列出了采樣點的位置、海拔高度及其所屬功能區(qū)等信息，附件2列出了8種主要重金屬元素在采樣點處的濃度，附件3列出了8種主要重金屬元素的背景值?，F(xiàn)要求你們通過數(shù)學建模來完成以下任務(wù)：(1)給出8種主要重金屬元素在該城區(qū)的空間分布，并分析該城區(qū)內(nèi)不同區(qū)域重金屬的污染程度。(2)通過數(shù)據(jù)分析，說明重金屬污染的主要原因。(3)分析重金屬污染物的傳播特征，由此建立模型，確定污染源的位置。(4)分析你所建立模型的優(yōu)缺點，為更好地研究城市地質(zhì)環(huán)境的演變模式，還應(yīng)收集什么信息？有了這些信息，如何建立模型解決問題？二、問題分析土壤重金屬污染是指由于人類活動，土壤中的微量有害元在土壤中的含量超過背景值，過量沉積而引起的含量過高，統(tǒng)稱為土壤重金屬污染。污染土壤的重金屬主要包括汞、鎘、鉛、鉻和類金屬砷等生物毒性顯著的元素，以及有一定毒性的鋅、銅、鎳等元素。主要來自農(nóng)藥、廢水、污泥和大氣沉降等，如汞主要來自含汞廢水，鎘、鉛污染主要來自冶煉排放和汽車廢氣沉降，砷則被大量用作殺蟲劑、殺菌劑、殺鼠劑和除草劑。問題一分析：對8種主要重金屬污染在該城區(qū)的空間分布，將連續(xù)型的數(shù)據(jù)離散化，分割成塊，立體展現(xiàn)。運用線性規(guī)劃和改進的平均綜合評價法解決對于該城區(qū)內(nèi)不同區(qū)域重金屬的污染程度。問題二分析：通過重金屬污染本身的特征，考慮空間位置以及不同金屬流動性等特點，分析金屬污染主要原因。問題三分析：要求分析重金屬污染物的傳播特征，由此建立模型，確定污染源的位置。真對這一問題，首先我們做出假設(shè)，每種重金屬都是可以在外界因素下可以自由傳播的，不存在重金屬元素在一個地區(qū)堆積，只有傳播能力的不同。由于海拔因素對其影響不大，故忽略海拔因素對其傳播的影響。問題四分析：我們通過查閱大量的資料，在原有模型的基礎(chǔ)上，加以改進和優(yōu)化，通過層次分析法建立模型。三、模型建立3.1問題一模型3.1.1空間分布模型我們對X軸，Y軸進行分組處理(附錄一），形成空間模塊，再將各種重金屬污染指數(shù)進行污染程度轉(zhuǎn)化，從而建立八副立體直觀圖，分別對每種重金屬元素進行研究，分析它們的空間分布，用SPSS分別畫出圖像（表1、表2）。圖1重金屬元素平均濃度的空間分布重金屬As重金屬Cd金屬Cr金屬Cu金屬Hg金屬Ni金屬Pb金屬Zn圖2各重金屬元素在城區(qū)中的污染程度比例表1污染程度標準等級12345污染指數(shù)P≤0.70.7＜P≤11＜P≤22＜P≤33＜P污染程度清潔警界限輕度污染中度污染重度污染污染水平安全尚清潔超過背景值受中度污染污染相當嚴重3.1.2不同城區(qū)的污染程度我們將原始數(shù)據(jù)進行比較分析，對數(shù)據(jù)進行一定程度的處理，分別算出不同重金屬元素在不同區(qū)域的平均值(附錄二），再分別除以它們各自的背景值，形成表3，再畫出它們的柱狀圖和折線圖，用數(shù)型結(jié)合的范式進行分析，得出結(jié)果。表3不同區(qū)重金屬元素在不同區(qū)的污染指數(shù)數(shù)據(jù)生活區(qū)工業(yè)區(qū)山區(qū)交通區(qū)公園綠地區(qū)As1.531.591.481.571.56Cd2.272.402.012.332.27Cr1.701.801.341.731.70Cu3.574.592.584.173.49Hg5.969.695.918.585.79Ni1.391.441.311.401.39Pb1.932.081.681.991.91Zn2.843.161.972.922.78圖3各地區(qū)各重金屬平均污染指數(shù)柱狀圖圖4各地區(qū)各重金屬平均污染指數(shù)折線圖從圖表我們可以分析得到工業(yè)區(qū)和主干道路區(qū)的污染指數(shù)明顯高于其他城區(qū)，而山區(qū)的污染指數(shù)非常低。從而我們也可知道，在現(xiàn)代工業(yè)發(fā)達的年代，隨著工業(yè)的迅猛發(fā)展，人們生活水平的提高，它所帶來的環(huán)境影響也非常的巨大，環(huán)境的污染指數(shù)遠遠的高于正常值。對于Cu、Cr、Ni和As在各城區(qū)的差異不大，也比較接近背景值。而Zn、Hg、和Cd的變化就有明顯差異，在工業(yè)區(qū)和主干道路區(qū)的含量極高，同時也影響到了生活區(qū)及附近城區(qū)的土壤。而事實也表明大氣中重金屬沉降，大氣中的重金屬主要來源于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、汽車尾氣排放及汽車輪胎磨損產(chǎn)生的大量含重金屬的有害氣體和粉塵等。它們主要分布在工礦的周圍和公路、鐵路的兩側(cè)。總的來說：工業(yè)化程度越高的地區(qū)污染越嚴重，市區(qū)高于遠郊和農(nóng)村，以大氣傳播媒介土壤重金屬污染土壤的具有很強的疊加性,熟化程度越高重金屬含量越高。

3.2問題二模型3.2.1重金屬污染原因分析城市是受人類活動影響最強烈的區(qū)域,礦山開采、金屬冶煉、交通活動和城市生活等極易造成城市土壤中重金屬的富集。這些重金屬元素在城市土壤中重新分布,使得土壤介質(zhì)既是重金屬的匯,又是重金屬污染的源。重金屬污染主要由采礦、廢氣排放、污水灌溉以及使用重金屬制品等人為因素所致；因人類活動導致環(huán)境中的重金屬含量增加，超出正常范圍，并導致環(huán)境質(zhì)量惡化。事實表明大氣中重金屬沉降，大氣中的重金屬主要來源于工業(yè)生產(chǎn)、汽車尾氣排放及汽車輪胎磨損產(chǎn)生的大量含重金屬的有害氣體和粉塵等。它們主要分布在工礦的周圍和公路、鐵路的兩側(cè)。它們來自于含鉛汽油的燃燒，汽車輪胎磨損產(chǎn)生的含鋅粉塵等。它們成條帶狀分布，以公路、鐵路為軸向兩側(cè)重金屬污染強度逐漸減弱；隨著時間的推移，公路、鐵路土壤重金屬污染具有很強的疊加性。對于該城區(qū)的生活區(qū)、工業(yè)區(qū)、山區(qū)、主干道路區(qū)及公園綠地區(qū)的土壤重金屬污染分析，采用線性規(guī)劃的思想，對重金屬加以權(quán)重，建立模型，進行數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析。3.2.2符號說明i表示八種重金屬元素（Hg、Cd、Pb、As、Cu、Cr、Ni、Zn），i取1-8表示第i種重金屬的權(quán)重系數(shù)表示第i種金屬的含量表示該點的重金屬的綜合污染量3.2.3模型建立綜合污染量為為找出重金屬污染的主要原因，要先判斷哪里的污染比較嚴重，確定污染源，從而分析污染原因。由于8種金屬含量的背景值有很大差異，故權(quán)重系數(shù)不適合全為1，我們對此進行比例的調(diào)整，對數(shù)據(jù)加以權(quán)重，做出如下數(shù)據(jù)表。體現(xiàn)了每個點的綜合污染量及其所對應(yīng)的功能區(qū)。為找出重金屬污染的主要原因，要先判斷哪里的污染相對比較嚴重，就可以確定污染源應(yīng)該在其周圍不遠，從而分析重金屬的污染原因。表2綜合污染綜合功能區(qū)綜合功能區(qū)綜合功能區(qū)綜合功能區(qū)綜合功能區(qū)82278.2422974.92141977.75231432.2211061.092565318.4542936.96541962.60711426.1611058.728457496.1442924.80541957.07911425.91411054.697553321.4442921.59921955.01341394.21111049.292125188.5142914.61841936.8141393.9931041.554112636.3722897.24441921.17131385.03651039.798410880.1442879.63331920.95641380.72731036.85159466.17912835.62841917.27331369.82421029.68849395.32842812.94321907.74841364.05141029.3539250.76422770.44341905.11541346.74331027.52939117.97912762.93441905.10821342.40641022.87638932.56522698.24921897.14141341.93831020.38138056.44122693.111890.31541332.25841014.34917585.6442691.94321863.6311330.00751003.92437495.05242662.2141840.49141329.07611002.46947160.03412634.31841839.82721325.8965998.7616896.3852582.50841834.58611320.4994991.87446794.75542553.62541831.09921320.3625987.52936649.71152551.51411815.4411319.8954986.20935949.4142535.86341796.66831314.921985.25435716.72242514.07841764.73911308.6772984.89745661.00842514.02441759.64521299.9024982.7435486.29242501.78621753.75741292.5754977.0435449.27842497.90741737.16841286.0641968.355198.64442476.53441700.51341273.5041962.26935047.35242467.41341698.02841273.2563955.71445023.35622439.77451676.92551263.5293950.04754738.22322416.13551671.29251259.463945.97534704.88942408.52341671.19141258.643944.34434586.03242388.11641661.21641254.1781936.84454559.08212384.6241654.2741251.1183935.21134530.27442359.14441652.09341232.5734915.33344503.11142341.61141650.16451209.5482898.09434460.20942327.56641649.98751198.9021892.82934453.42942325.66841647.48441188.0535889.0734442.96122319.61441642.10341187.9533887.38244412.42642298.60941634.81641184.7714884.53834400.8322270.78341630.75631182.5683873.98934374.41922245.9341613.60641180.7333870.51444335.15242241.86111602.57751175.8774861.69934296.17652218.09651577.75241174.8712848.64134160.64442211.27851574.59841174.8213845.14844083.13312200.31941568.92551173.5934834.72544069.70742190.39621554.42431163.2453829.44133809.5322186.39111536.21151162.8813790.0253795.05242174.20411522.65111162.8542783.99853741.45812155.79311514.22911148.1123766.96433698.47712147.37951505.37641146.1633766.46733584.9922143.19321498.70651141.2714765.66333576.37542139.25851491.35431135.2684760.4913562.61342115.42251487.13641133.1324755.39633558.65212098.04451477.89841125.9884742.0533511.10212087.69941476.87341107.0044729.39533496.54512083.83541476.85641106.7443712.06633463.97442077.59241476.7741103.951672.62133452.07822053.17141469.28321092.4914661.9733389.00842052.87341465.70941089.4292661.01133290.48942042.39931463.12331087.6095641.43333186.30822039.05221459.21141086.8891635.85743150.30742021.10341448.65631086.6654614.48433049.39512007.03641447.54541082.3874613.3513014.98821992.03921438.37941077.4665549.56632998.17541989.39541434.18831073.3712513.19532975.77811986.99121433.46341065.7053503.0923表3不同功能區(qū)的平均綜合污染功能區(qū)12345生活區(qū)工業(yè)區(qū)山區(qū)交通區(qū)公園綠地區(qū)平均綜合污染2446.80554499.431129.8863887.8991970.789分析表中數(shù)據(jù)可以說明綜合污染量越高，重金屬的污染程度越高，從以上數(shù)據(jù)表明污染最嚴重的城區(qū)主要實在工業(yè)區(qū)和交通區(qū)，而分數(shù)低的（污染程度低）城區(qū)則大部分是在山區(qū)。由模型可以將城區(qū)的污染程度視為：山區(qū)〈公園綠地區(qū)〈生活區(qū)〈交通區(qū)〈工業(yè)區(qū)3.2.4模型結(jié)果分析資料顯示胡永定通過研究徐州荊馬河區(qū)域土壤重金屬污染的成因中指出：Cr、Cu、Zn、Pb是由垃圾施用引起的，As是由農(nóng)灌引起的，Cd是由農(nóng)灌和垃圾施用引起的，Hg是各種途徑都具備。王文祥通過對山東省耕地重金屬元素污染狀況的研究說明，工業(yè)快速發(fā)展地區(qū)鉛高于農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境，鉛與距公路遠近有關(guān)。因為重金屬的由此可知污染源主要在工業(yè)區(qū)和交通區(qū)。事實表明，重金屬污染物在土壤中移動性很小，不易隨水淋濾，不為微生物降解，潛在危害極大。說明工業(yè)區(qū)和交通區(qū)為重金屬的污染源頭。說明該城區(qū)的污染原因主要有兩類：<一>工業(yè)污染。工業(yè)污染大多通過廢渣、廢水、廢氣排入環(huán)境，而土壤的重金屬污染又主要來源于污水灌溉污染，工業(yè)污水含有一些不利于水稻生長的重金屬鹽類，許多工業(yè)廢水沒經(jīng)過任何處理，直接流入農(nóng)田等土壤地，從而造成了嚴重的污染。〈二〉交通污染。它們來自于含鉛汽油的燃燒，汽車輪胎磨損產(chǎn)生的含鋅粉塵等。它們成條帶狀分布，以公路、鐵路為軸向兩側(cè)重金屬污染強度逐漸減弱；隨著時間的推移，公路、鐵路土壤重金屬污染具有很強的疊加性。3.3問題三模型3.3.1問題分析重金屬污染的移動能力低，在土壤中的傳播性差，而大氣沉降，則會使重金屬遷移，所以土壤濃度高的區(qū)域不一定是重金屬污染源，然而不同重金屬的污染產(chǎn)生因素也不同，從以上幾個模型可以看出，污染源大致在工業(yè)區(qū)和交通區(qū)，將目標鎖定，再對8種不同重金屬進行來源分析，進行建模。表4不同重金屬污染的來源來源

污染物礦產(chǎn)開采、冶煉、加工排放的廢氣、廢水、廢渣Cr、Hg、、As、Pb、Ni、Mo煤和石油燃燒過程中排放的飄塵Cr、Hg、As、Pb電鍍工業(yè)廢水Cr、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cu、Zn塑料、電池、電子工業(yè)排放的廢水Hg、Cd、Pb、Ni、Zn燃料、化工制革工業(yè)排放的廢水Cr、Cd汽車尾氣Pb農(nóng)藥、化肥As、Cu、Cd3.3.2因子分析對于污染源位置的確定，我們采用因子分析法加以研究分析。因子分析的基本目的就是用少數(shù)幾個因子去描述許多指標或因素之間的聯(lián)系，即將相關(guān)比較密切的幾個變量歸在同一類中，每一類變量就成為一個因子（之所以稱其為因子，是因為它是不可觀測的，即不是具體的變量），以較少的幾個因子反映原資料的大部分信息。設(shè)有n個原有變量，且每個變量的均值均為0，標準差均為1，則有X=AF+，式中，F(xiàn)稱為因子。A稱為因子載荷矩陣，稱為特殊因子，表示原有變量不能被因子解釋的部分，其均值為0，相當于多元線性回歸模型中的殘值。運用SPSS16.0統(tǒng)計軟件包進行因子分析。找出主因子和每個因子所代表的污染源。由因子分析結(jié)果可以看出，不同重金屬來自不同的污染源，Cu、Pb、Zn主要來自于交通污染，As起源為自然源，Hg起源于燃煤源，Cd和Cr主要起源于工業(yè)源和化肥源。3.3.3重金屬的污染源模型對上述模型進行評價分析，將污染源重點放在交通區(qū)和工業(yè)區(qū)。下面對8種重金屬進行分析，尋找污染源。首先分析Hg，經(jīng)過數(shù)據(jù)的篩選，發(fā)現(xiàn)有四個點的濃度明顯高于其他點，對此四個點進行分析。表5Hg的嚴重污染點圖5對應(yīng)的坐標圖編號x(m)y(m)Hg(ng/g)92708229516000.0018213694235714901.0025715248910613800.0082383369213500.00我們綜合考慮四個點的坐標和濃度，以及其他周圍的點的Hg的濃度，分析得到四個位置可以由一個污染源擴散得到。找到污染源點（10180.1，5154.6），并作出圖像。圖6Hg的污染源對于Ni，可以判定該重金屬的污染源不止一個，如下圖，可直觀表現(xiàn)得到Ni金屬的污染源并不是單獨的，而是有多個污染源共同作用的。圖7Ni的污染源表6各重金屬污染源坐標用同樣的模型與方法，可得到：重金屬污染源坐標As（1060．3，8098.5）Cd（11851.1，7152.1）Cr（2483.9，5294.1）Cu（4777.3692）、（1647，6018）Hg（10180.1，5154.6）Ni（3063.18，7395）Zn（3500，14000）Pb（3430.4，4019.4）四、模型改進與評價4.1模型評價4.1.1優(yōu)點：本文在正確、清晰地分析了題意的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了合理、科學的可計算模型。合理的將連續(xù)空間分組，運用SPSS分割原始數(shù)據(jù)，分析了不同區(qū)域內(nèi)的污染程度。根據(jù)線性規(guī)劃、模糊數(shù)學和層次分析法對城區(qū)進行了重金屬污染的綜合指數(shù)評價。同時應(yīng)用因子分析好的確定了污染位置。4.1.2缺點在研究8種主要重金屬在該城區(qū)的空間分布時，忽略了海拔對模型的影響。確定污染源時，沒有考慮大氣沉降對區(qū)域重金屬濃度的影響。為了模型的可行性，忽略了許多實際中會發(fā)生的因素影響。4.2模型改進首先，是對模型條件的改進。在考慮重金屬污染濃度時，應(yīng)當考慮不同區(qū)域的母體土質(zhì)不同，它所對應(yīng)的重金屬含量也不同。應(yīng)該具體到實際問題，查找當?shù)氐耐寥劳临|(zhì)，建立最合理的模型。其次是對原模型的不足加以改進，可以運用克里格插值法法，更好的解決8種主要重金屬元素的空間分布。應(yīng)用克里格法首先要明確三個重要的概念。一是區(qū)域化變量，當一個變量呈空間分布時，就稱之為區(qū)域化變量。這種變量反映了空間某種屬性的分布特征；二是協(xié)方差函數(shù)，協(xié)方差又稱半方差，是用來描述區(qū)域化隨機變量之間的差異的參數(shù)；三是變異函數(shù)，變異函數(shù)又稱變差函數(shù)、變異矩，是地統(tǒng)計分析所特有的基本工具。分析重金屬傳播特征，建立模型，運用因子分析法確定污染源的位置，只能分別了解每種重金屬在標稱土壤的污染狀況。二用綜合指數(shù)法評價城市表層土壤的綜合污染狀況。進而采用內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法。經(jīng)過改進做出改進模型的研究路線。圖8改進模型的研究路線參考文獻：【1】姜啟源、謝金星、葉?。粩?shù)學模型第三版；北京；高等教育出版社；2003【2】劉先勇、袁長迎、段寶福、周方杰；SPSS10.0統(tǒng)計分析軟件與應(yīng)用；北京；國防工業(yè)出版社；2002【3】蘭天水、林健、陳建安;\o"公路旁土壤中重金屬污染分布及潛在生態(tài)危害的研究"公路旁土壤中重金屬污染分布及潛在生態(tài)危害的研究；海峽預防醫(yī)學雜志2003年第01期【4】董文勇、劉進等；最優(yōu)化技術(shù)與數(shù)學建模；北京；清華大學出版社；2010附錄一：xmymx分組y分組AS污染比例As污染程度Cd污染比例Cd污染程度Cr污染比例Cr污染程度74781112.1841.1831.4331,373731111.6531.1231.4531,3211,791111.3633.3850.94201,787111.8231.7231.2931,0492,127111.7634.0451.9131,6472,728113.9158.4152.1942,8833,617112.4842.0843.0952,3833,692122.6748.2059.2152,7082,295112.0648.6552.8442,9331,767112.4242.0542.1144,233895111.6531.5531.4634,0431,895112.5542.2141.4232,4273,971121.5931.4932.5943,5264,357121.2532.7748.3355,0624,339121.5333.9752.9744,7774,897123.1858.0353.0655,8684,904221.7133.4352.6746,5345,641222.1842.6841.8635,4816,004122.0642.6645.1454,5924,603122.3644.72524.0152,4865,999121.5331.9831.7633,2996,018122.7349.33529.7053,5736,213122.6142.5145.5654,7416,434120.9221.6331.6235,3758,643131.1430.7011.1335,6357,965131.7134.4953.0755,3948,631131.4832.8241.3735,2917,349121.0332.4941.1334,7427,293126.0853.2752.3744,9487,293125.1154.8553.1255,5676,782122.9344.8952.0747,0046,226220.9723.5653.6257,3045,230221.7634.0951.8637,0484,600221.5335.9952.4148,1804,496221.2535.8153.2259,3284,311220.9723.0554.4659,0905,365221.5335.2952.7648,0495,439221.1934.0551.7838,0776,401221.1933.4552.1748,0177,210221.8236.5652.3446,8697,286224.6153.5353.0657,0568,348232.0642.5942.4947,7478,260231.6534.3752.4248,4578,991231.3034.6152.2349,4608,311231.3634.8952.2149,0627,639231.4834.6251.4439,3196,799221.1934.3751.94310,6316,472221.5331.7631.59310,6855,528221.3034.3759.87510,6434,472222.0031.6531.62311,7024,480321.4831.1731.52311,7305,532321.3632.6441.36311,4826,354321.3632.2641.94310,7008,184231.0832.4141.09310,6308,774231.0332.4341.47311,6788,618330.8623.2051.87311,9027,709331.0832.8841.46313,2447,056321.0832.6541.14312,7468,450330.8121.9531.48312,8558,945330.9223.8751.25313,7979,621331.3632.3441.81314,3258,666331.1430.9820.89215,4678,658330.8122.0441.15312,4424,329320.7622.1541.40313,0934,339320.8625.7851.71313,9205,354320.9222.7841.53314,8445,519320.9223.7551.65316,5696,055321.7131.7531.36316,3876,609321.0332.6741.22316,0617,352321.2531.0531.18315,6587,594330.8622.5240.84214,2987,418332.2440.8721.69314,1776,684321.0332.0841.07315,0926,936321.0331.2331.24312,7785,799320.9722.3541.27317,04410,691330.7620.5510.63117,08711,933342.3642.0141.48317,07512,924340.4910.9220.49117,96212,823440.7023.6151.19318,41311,721441.0331.1631.92319,00711,488441.7130.7721.21318,73810,921433.0550.8421.81317,81410,707431.7630.7121.17318,13410,046438.3755.7251.58317,1989,810431.0833.2151.19317,1449,081330.8122.8441.17318,3939,183430.5411.4930.58119,7678,810431.9430.3911.32321,0068,819430.8121.5330.91221,0919,482431.6536.8251.38322,8469,149431.6530.9921.53323,6649,790532.0640.8821.56322,30410,527431.1931.7930.94221,41810,721431.3031.0231.16321,43911,383441.59312.4651.40320,55411,228441.8832.1741.35320,10110,774431.2531.3931.20321,07210,404430.8622.9741.16320,2159,951430.8122.6541.31318,99312,371441.1930.7420.73219,96812,961442.1240.6711.48321,76612,348441.6531.5631.16322,67412,173440.6512.7240.79222,53511,293440.8121.7930.80225,2215,795521.5931.3431.09326,4535,577520.6510.6710.60126,4166,508521.8231.8931.18327,8165,581521.3031.2931.07325,3616,423521.7630.8620.93224,0657,353521.4230.7322.51425,9987,032521.3030.8620.79227,1777,771530.9720.6610.85226,4248,639531.3031.3031.26326,0738,807531.2531.0631.11324,6319,422530.9221.0131.16324,7029,522530.8120.3211.35325,4619,834531.1431.0020.87224,81310,799531.5931.1431.18326,08611,094541.3630.8320.73226,01512,078541.3631.0232.57427,70011,609541.1431.2531.09327,69611,621541.6530.6811.69327,34613,331540.8121.5930.56126,59113,715540.7620.9420.64127,82314,737540.6511.7831.18327,23214,482540.7020.9920.70224,58013,319541.0830.9821.61324,15312,450540.6510.6112.40422,96513,535540.6512.2641.38323,19813,523540.5411.8330.64124,68514,278540.7620.8420.60128,6548,755530.8620.5310.74224,00315,286550.9721.2031.07321,68413,101440.7620.8420.64122,19312,185440.4911.5835.59517,0795,894320.9720.4111.13315,2555,110320.7020.3110.62115,0075,535322.5540.6412.0643,5182,571112.0641.7131.0033,4692,308111.5931.2731.5933,7622,170112.2441.4931.3533,9272,110111.5932.3941.8234,1532,299112.4247.8852.5043,267793111.8833.7951.2234,6841,364111.8231.5631.0735,4951,205111.8830.7521.2535,6641,653111.9431.6031.3235,5412,093111.7131.1031.3435,4512,757111.8631.2231.1834,0202,990112.2242.5642.4944,0263,913121.8633.0952.7445,1014,080122.2945.8251.3835,4383,994122.6043.1351.7935,3823,012112.4742.3641.7535,3142,060111.0531.8631.0025,5031,127111.5031.3830.9525,636133112.1642.4341.6136,605374211.5631.0430.8227,0931,381211.5031.8131.1937,1002,449211.2731.5731.2636,8373,490211.9234.3751.7637,9063,978221.3933.9051.9238,0453,052211.5636.7752.5348,3942,035211.9231.9331.2638,4031,075212.1641.2531.3638,0790211.7431.9231.7639,6631,288212.1041.9131.3639,4692,286211.3331.2031.3339,1783,299210.7720.9321.6139,0953,975221.7433.3051.76310,2253,821222.0441.5831.41310,2102,789211.1630.8821.20310,3401,764211.3931.7030.99211,5571,581312.1044.4651.28311,4152,585211.5631.3231.01311,6493,515311.6832.8141.16312,7344,015321.3332.2341.36312,6963,024316.5953.4851.20312,4002,060311.8036.5251.72312,5911,063311.1632.3941.31313,7651,353311.3932.4441.37313,6942,357311.1632.7541.25313,8553,345311.7432.9841.23314,8622,524311.3931.5131.61314,8961,603310.4512.2840.50115,387729311.2730.9921.00315,8102,307311.5031.5831.30316,0323,061310.9921.3431.00315,8013,966320.5611.5232.53415,0873,512310.9420.8220.53116,8722,798311.8035.6851.53317,7343,629410.9426.0750.93216,8234,207321.9231.0231.31317,0084,775320.6611.1530.88217,2036,218422.1041.5931.80317,0057,212322.4140.6111.90316,9477,487331.3331.3731.04316,3018,299331.5031.9231.11317,9048,287431.6230.6911.77318,3037,385431.5633.4951.20318,4386,539421.2230.7121.25318,5565,588420.7721.5330.58118,9544,874421.5032.0041.41318,0124,414421.5630.7821.58319,0728,519431.8631.1331.40320,2828,590432.1040.5111.59321,4758,540430.7720.9220.89221,4507,555430.4513.3450.69120,2617,586431.5631.4530.98219,5697,348420.8320.6010.55119,4116,934421.2731.0131.15319,5016,091421.4431.0330.95220,5826,548420.8820.7821.04319,9095,300421.3931.7831.05321,0185,764422.1040.9322.03422,1765,492421.4431.8431.52323,3595,325521.6831.1632.99423,2386,502520.7721.5631.82322,6244,818420.6612.7042.09421,7036,591421.4431.3431.8835,0068,846132.4143.2651.9835,7349,659231.5034.9651.6236,39510,443231.9837.4451.1737,40510,981231.2733.4350.9128,44611,200242.2943.2451.1637,61211,938241.2731.9831.3637,91212,840241.6831.9131.4338,86613,143242.2942.6941.9139,29613,102241.1630.8520.9429,47512,000241.1032.3641.2439,21211,305242.9842.3641.7438,62912,086241.0533.9750.9327,77610,613232.8541.3531.8738,62210,638231.4433.2151.1539,2379,872231.8032.8341.4338,3079,726231.8033.0251.1637,1069,467232.4740.9021.0536,4238,831230.9422.9241.0437,4588,920231.8632.4642.8448,9048,868231.1634.7251.62310,5479,591232.2941.7031.98310,39810,360231.2231.7631.05310,39511,203241.4432.5741.52311,52911,243341.4432.1941.31311,56310,298331.5031.7731.34311,6469,381331.3934.2452.31412,6419,560332.6641.5531.26314,0008,970330.8821.5730.86214,2079,980331.0532.7340.85214,06510,987332.5441.0331.71312,73410,344332.0440.7421.54312,7277,691331.5632.7141.44314,17311,941341.3334.2851.64315,46712,080341.4430.8721.35315,14011,101340.9421.8530.90215,19810,100332.0440.9321.75315,2489,106330.9923.9551.37316,4289,069331.2231.8930.96216,28910,072331.5031.2231.51316,26711,058331.2231.6330.90216,44012,068341.5631.8231.16316,44013,232341.6831.4831.31315,41212,982341.7431.3131.43314,26912,877341.4432.4641.16313,27713,204341.9231.3931.74313,17512,238341.2732.7141.79312,15312,336342.4141.8931.54311,95813,313341.8030.6711.33310,80013,282241.9832.8342.97410,02212,204241.0533.5951.5839,33314,631241.5032.8141.3039,27716,148253.0551.9131.31311,12116,432252.7341.3232.43410,85614,727242.2943.1551.44312,64414,943351.5032.3341.10312,62516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