學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)必備歡迎下載句子成分及基本句型【句子的成分】在英文中句子成分包括：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。（一）主語(yǔ)：主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)講述的對(duì)象，表示所說(shuō)的“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)充當(dāng)。它在句首。如：（1）Lucyisabeautifulnurse.（名詞作主語(yǔ)）（2）Hereadsnewspaperseveryday.（代詞作主語(yǔ)）（3）Smokingisharmfultothehealth.（動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)）（4）ToswiminKunmingLakeisagreatpleasure.（不定式作主語(yǔ)）（5）Whatweshoulddoisnotyetdecided.（主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)）（二）謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么樣”。謂語(yǔ)（謂語(yǔ)部分里主要的詞）必須是動(dòng)詞。謂語(yǔ)和主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)兩方面必須一致。它在主語(yǔ)后面。如：Hisparentsareteachers.（系動(dòng)詞和表語(yǔ)一起作謂語(yǔ)）Westudyhard.（行為動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)）Wedon’tfinishreadingthebook.（助動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）HecanspeakEnglish.（情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和行為動(dòng)詞一起作謂語(yǔ)）（三）賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作、行為的對(duì)象，由名詞、代詞、不定式或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任，它和及物動(dòng)詞一起說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)做什么。一般放在謂語(yǔ)之后。Sheisdoingherhomeworknow.（名詞作賓語(yǔ)）Shesays（that）sheisill.（賓語(yǔ)從句作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)）Weoftenhelphim.（代詞作賓語(yǔ)）Helikestoplaybasketball.（不定式作賓語(yǔ)）Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.我們喜歡聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。（動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明1：賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞涉及到的人或物，賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞之后。介詞后面的名詞或代詞或動(dòng)名詞，稱(chēng)為介詞賓語(yǔ)。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞常在句中做動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ)。另外，動(dòng)詞不定式可作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)；動(dòng)名詞和賓語(yǔ)從句也可用作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)。說(shuō)明2：及物動(dòng)詞作謂語(yǔ)時(shí)，后面要跟賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)分直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。直接賓語(yǔ)是及物動(dòng)詞的直接對(duì)象，直接賓語(yǔ)指物，間接賓語(yǔ)通常是及物動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作所及的人，間接賓語(yǔ)指人。間接賓語(yǔ)一般放在直接賓語(yǔ)之前。不是所有的及物動(dòng)詞都可以用雙賓語(yǔ)。有的動(dòng)詞可以跟。如：give,show（給……看），bring,pass,buy等。如：（1）Ourteachertellsusastory.（2）Thesungivesuslight.間接賓語(yǔ)如果放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，在表示“人”的間接賓語(yǔ)之前會(huì)出現(xiàn)介詞“to”或“for”。間接賓語(yǔ)前加“to”的有：give,show,send,bring,read,pass,lend,leave,hand,tell,return,write,throw,promise（答應(yīng)）,refuse（拒絕）等。間接賓語(yǔ)加“for”的有：make,buy,do,get,play,order（命令）,sing,pay等（1）Igivehimabook.改成：（2）Hepassesmethebook.（他將書(shū)遞給我。）改成：（3）Hewritesmealetter.改成：（4）Hewillbuymesomebooks.改成：（5）Sheismakingmeacake.改成：（四）賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)在賓語(yǔ)后面補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)、特征的成分，稱(chēng)為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)以及動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞等可用作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)稱(chēng)為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。如：Theymakeherhappy.（形容詞）Iseeherdance.（不定式）We’llhelpyoutomaketheOlympicsasuccess.（名詞）Pleaselethimin.（副詞）Weheardhersingingasong.（分詞短語(yǔ)）（五）表語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)“是什么”或者“怎么樣”，由名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞、不定式及相當(dāng)于名詞或形容詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)?yè)?dān)任。它的位置在系動(dòng)詞后面。如：Iamateacher.（名詞）Heisalwayshappy.（形容詞）Theyareontheplaygroundnow.（介詞短語(yǔ)）Itgetscold.（形容詞）Be動(dòng)詞（am，is，are,was,were）系動(dòng)詞表保持（keep,stay,remain）表改變（get，become，turn）感官動(dòng)詞（feel，sound（聽(tīng)起來(lái)），seem/look（看起來(lái)），taste（嘗起來(lái)），smell（聞起來(lái)））如：Itsoundsinteresting.（sound為系動(dòng)詞，interesting為表語(yǔ)）Weshouldallremaincareful.Remain（為系動(dòng)詞，careful為表語(yǔ)）（六）定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)是用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞的。形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不等式或相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞或短語(yǔ)等。單個(gè)詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的名詞之前。如：Theblackbikeismine.（形容詞）What’syourname?（代詞）Theymakepaperflowers.（名詞）說(shuō)明1：當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞：nothing,anything,everything,something等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)在不定代詞后面。如：Itellhimsomethinginteresting.（形容詞interesting作不定代詞something的后置定語(yǔ)）Hehassomethingtodo.（todo為不定式作后置定語(yǔ)）說(shuō)明2：短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：TheboysintheroomareinClassFour.（intheroom是介詞短語(yǔ)作theboys的后置定語(yǔ)。）（七）狀語(yǔ)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、程度等意義，一般由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、不定式或相當(dāng)于副詞的詞或短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示。狀語(yǔ)一般放在句末，但有的可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully.（副詞）Weoftenhelphim.（副詞）HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.（介詞短語(yǔ)）WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeateacher.（從句作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）Hesitsthere.（副詞地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)）【簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型】A.主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞(主謂)如：Thesunrises.太陽(yáng)升起來(lái)。Thecarstopped.小汽車(chē)停下來(lái)了。rise和stop都是不及物動(dòng)詞，因此后邊不必加賓語(yǔ)。B.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)(主謂賓)如：Ilovemycountry.Hehelpsme.Ilikeactionmovies.Ibuyabook.C.主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)(主系表)如：Herbrotherisadriver.Wefeelhappy.（feel為系動(dòng)詞，表示感到……）Itgetsdark.天黑了。（get為系動(dòng)詞，表示變得）Tomlooksill.Tom看上去病了。（look為系動(dòng)詞，表示看上去，看起來(lái)）D.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)、間接賓語(yǔ)）(主謂+直賓+間賓)如：HegivesTomapresent.（雙賓語(yǔ)）他給湯姆一件禮物。Mothermakeanewdressforme.（雙賓語(yǔ)）媽媽為我做了一件衣服。E.主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)(主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ))如：TheycallherMary.（賓補(bǔ)）他們叫她Mary。Wemakeourclassroomcleanandtidy.（賓補(bǔ)）我們使我們的教室干凈而整齊。Healwaysmakesuslaugh.（賓補(bǔ)）他總使我們笑。例題寫(xiě)出劃線部分的句子成分。1.Lilyiscleaningthedesknow.2.Hergardenisthebestinourtown.3.LiuMingisthirteenyearsold.4.Ilikethisbookverymuch.5.ThegirlonthebluebikeisJane’ssister.6.Shedidn’tcometomypartybecauseshewasill.7.WangPingdoeshishomeworkcarefully.8.WewillgototheChildren’sPalaceonceaweek.9.Theyareintheclassroom.10.Itsoundsgood.11.HisnameisPaul.12.Wealwaysgotoschoolearly.課后練習(xí)(一)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)①

Mybrother

doesn't

do

hishomework.

ABCD

②

People

all

over

theworld

speak

English.

ABCD

③Youmustpay

good

attention

to

your

pronunciation.

ABCD④Howmanynew

words

do

you

learn

?

ABCD

⑤Someofthe

students

intheschoolwant

togoswimming,

how

about

you?

ABCD(二)挑出下列句中的表語(yǔ)①

Theoldman

is

feeling

very

tired.

ABCD

②Whyis

he

worried

about

Jim?

ABCD

③

The

leaves

have

turned

yellow.

ABCD

④Soon

They

all

becomeinterested

inthesubject.

ABCD

⑤She

is

thefirst

tolearn

aboutit.

ABCD(三)挑出下列句中的定語(yǔ)①

They

use

Mr.Mrs.withthe

family

name.

ABCD②

What

is

your

given

name?

ABCD③Onthe

third

lap

are

Class1andClass3.

ABCD

④Iam

afraid

some

people

forgot

tosweep

thefloor.

ABCD

⑤

Theman

downstairs

was

trying

tosleep.

ABCD（四)挑出下列句中的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)①She

likes

thechildren

toreadnewspapersandbooks

inthe

reading-room.ABCD

②He

asks

her

totaketheboy

outofschool.

ABCD③She

find

it

difficult

todothework.

ABCD④They

call

me

Lily

sometimes.

ABCD

⑤

I

saw

Mr.Wang

getonthebus.

ABCD(五)挑出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)①

There

is

abigsmile

onherface.

ABCD

②

Everynight

he

heard

thenoise

upstairs.

ABCD

③He

began

tolearn

English

whenhewaseleven.

ABCD

④

Theman

onthemotorbike

istravelling

tofast.

ABCD⑤

Withthemedicineboxunderherarm,

Miss

Li

hurriedoff.

ABCD

(六)劃出句中的直接賓語(yǔ)()和間接賓語(yǔ)（）①Pleasetellusastory.

②Myfatherboughtanewbikeformelastweek.

③Mr.Liisgoingtoteachushistorynextterm.

④Hereisapen.GiveittoTom.

⑤Doesheleaveanymessageforme?動(dòng)詞不定式可以在句子中作賓語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)等。1.作賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有：wanttodowishtodoneedtodotrytododecidetodoforgettodoasktodohopetodolearntodoplantodo2.作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)asksbtodowantsbtodotellsbtodowishsbtodoinvitesbtodoadvisesbtodoexpectsbtodo動(dòng)詞后省略to的不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)一感：feel二聽(tīng)：hear,listento三使用：make,let,have四看：see,watch,notice,lookat半幫助：help3.不定式作狀語(yǔ)A：目的狀語(yǔ)Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.Shestillsthereonceaweektohelpkidslearntoread.Shewenthometohavebreakfast.Imakealotofmoneytohelpthesickkids.Istudyhardtogetgoodgrades.B.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)Heistooyoungtogotoschool.C.原因狀語(yǔ)：結(jié)構(gòu)是：be+adj.+todo常用形容詞有：sorry,happy,sad,glad,pleased,lucky,surprised,able,angry,ready,clever,wrong,rightIamsorrytohearthat.練習(xí)：1.Theywillmakeaplan___sometreesonbothsidesoftheroad.A.plantB.toplantingC.toplatD.planted.2.Theboysleptlate___(wait)forhismother.3.Studentsshouldlearnhow__(solve)problems.4.Myteacheraskme___(finish)homeworkintime.5.Iseeaboy___(play)ballsjustnow.6.ThisyellowT-shirtlooksnice.MayI____?A.trythemonB.tryonit.C.tryiton7.Youshouldn’t________yourhope.Everythingwillbebetter.A.giveupB.fixupC.cheerupD.putup8..Alotofmeetingwere______becauseofthedangerousdisease.A.turnedoffB.setoffC.putoffD.takenoff9.Pollutionisaseriousproblem.Scientistshave_______somegoodwaystosaveit.A.comeupwithB.comeonC.comeoutD.comeup10.Themusicistooloud,wouldyoumind______?A.turnitdown.B.turningitdownC.turningdownit.根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)完成句子:1.我們需要想出一個(gè)好計(jì)劃.Weneed_____________________________aplan.2.你可以在食品庫(kù)分發(fā)食物.Youcould_____________foodatafoodbank.3.我愿意讓生病的孩子快樂(lè)起來(lái).I’dliketo________________sickkids.4.我們每人打電話給10個(gè)人,請(qǐng)他們來(lái).Weeach______________tenpeopleandaskthem_______________.5.他們總是自愿貢獻(xiàn)他們的時(shí)間來(lái)幫助他人.Theyalways________theirtime________________otherpeople.7.他咳嗽的厲害,他的醫(yī)生讓他戒煙.Hehasaterriblecough.Hisdoctoraskedhim______________________smoking.用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空：1.Wouldyoulike______(clean)upthecityparks?2.Couldyouplease______(give)outfoodatthefoodbank?3.Wecan’tputoff_______(make)aplan.4.Twoweeks________(be)enoughforus.句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1.Thegirlcouldsingwellwhenshewas5.(同義句）Thegirlcouldsingwell________5.2.Hedidn’tknowwherehecouldputhisbooks.(同上）Hedidn’tknow__________hisbooks.3.Isavedalotofmoney.Igaveittothosepoorchilren.(變簡(jiǎn)單句）Isavedalotofmoney___＿＿ittothosepoorchildren.動(dòng)詞不定式語(yǔ)法專(zhuān)項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練一. 用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. It’sdangerousforus_______(play)withthewildanimal.2. Doyouhaveanything_______(eat)?I’mveryhungry.3. TrytosingsomeEnglishsongs.Andyou’llfinditinteresting(learn)foreignlanguage.4. ---Whydoyoubuyacomputer?5. ----Ibuyacomputer_______(search)theinformation.6. ----What’yourdream?----Mydreamis______(become)anastronaut.7. Wedon’tenjoy______(do)somuchhomeworkatweekend.8. Mysonagreed______(finish)hishomeworkfirst.9. JackieChanisplanning______(make)afilmaboutChineseearthquakes10. Ihope______(go)totheuniversityinEngland.11. Tomstudieshard______(get)achancetogotocollege.二.單項(xiàng)選擇。（）1.----Letmehelpyoucarrythebox.Granny.Thankyou,LiLei.It’sverynice______you______me.A.of;tohelpB.for;tohelpC.of;helpingD.for;helping.()2.Themathproblemissohard.Ireal