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北京市石景山2023-2024學年高二上學期期末考試

英語試題

第一部分:知識運用(共兩節(jié),30分)

第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題L5分,共15分)

閱讀下面短文,掌握其大意,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并

在答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Justfivemonthsearlier,IwouldneverhavethoughtthatIwouldactinaplayinfrontofsomany

people.Withouttheencouragementofmyteacher,Mrs.Sather,Imightneverhavefoundthat

courage.

Iwasanextremely1girl.Itjustwasn'tinmypersonalitytomakeasoundinpublic.I

usedtohidemyselfinmywriting.Mrs.Satheralsoencouragedmetowritemore.Ithinkshewas

oneofthefirstpeopletoseemyreal2andknowhowtohelpme.

Oneday,shetoldusthatweweregoingto3aplayTheWizardofOz."Ineedsomeone

toplaytheleadpartofDorothy,shesaid.Alotofhandsshotup.Mine,ofcourse,wasnotoneof

them.

Afterschool,Mrs.Sathersaidtome,"Dallas,Iwas4youdidn'traiseyourhand.You're

greatatmemorizingthings,andyouhavesuchasweetpersonality.Tmsureyouare5for

Dorothy!IhaveyouinmindforDorothyandwantyoutowritetheplaytoo!Ifyoureallydon't

wantto,though,Iwon'tmakeyou.Ifsyour6

Encouragedbyher7.IsuddenlywantedtoseewhatIreallycoulddo.I8the

role.Afterfivemonthsofpracticing,wewereready.

Attheendoftheplay,whenmyteacherandmyclassmatesstoodupand9,Iknewthey

werenotjustcongratulatingformyperformancethatnight,butforthesuccessthattheyknewwould

comeinlateryearsbecauseofmynewlyfound10.

1.A.shyB.weakC.cleverD.pretty

2.A.problemB.goalC.challengeD.advantage

3.A.putonB.makeupC.putupD.focuson

4.A.excitedB.satisfiedC.afraidD.surprised

5.A.anxiousB.sorryC.perfectD.ready

6.A.turnB.choiceC.luckD.responsibility

7.A.wordsB.storiesC.adventuresD.lectures

8.A.createdB.playedC.acceptedD.remembered

9.A.leftB.struggledC.criedD.cheered

10.A.skillB.confidenceC.interestD.hobby

【答案】LA2.D3.A4.D5.C6.B7.A8.B9.D10.B

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述害羞的作者達拉斯(Dallas)在老師薩瑟夫

人(Mrs.Sather)的鼓勵下,勇敢地出演了一部劇,并找到了自信。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我是一個極度害羞的女孩。A.shy害羞的;B.weak弱的;C.

clever聰明的;D.pretty漂亮的。根據(jù)下文“Itjustwasn'tinmypersonalitytomakeasoundin

public.Iusedtohidemyselfinmywriting.“可知,作者出來不會在公共場合發(fā)出聲音,所以她

應該是一個害羞的女孩。故選A。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:我想她是最早看到我真正優(yōu)勢并知道如何幫助我的人之一。A.

problem問題;B.goal目標;C.challenge挑戰(zhàn);D.advantage優(yōu)勢。根據(jù)上文“Iusedtohide

myselfinmywriting.”可知,作者喜歡寫作,所以寫作是作者的優(yōu)勢。故選D。

【3題詳解】

考查動詞短語辨析。句意:有一天,她告訴我們,我們要上演一部戲劇《綠野仙蹤》。A.put

on上演;B.makeup化妝;C.putup張貼;D.focuson集中。根據(jù)下文“Ineedsomeonetoplay

theleadpartofDorothy”可知,他們要表演一部劇。故選A。

【4題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:達拉斯,我很驚訝你沒有舉手。A.excited興奮的;B.satisfied

滿意的;C.afraid擔心的;D.surprised吃驚的。根據(jù)下文"You'regreatatmemorizingthings,

andyouhavesuchasweetpersonality.”可知,薩瑟夫人認為作者可以勝任這個角色,而作者自

己卻沒有打算舉手報名,所以薩瑟夫人感到吃驚。故選D。

【5題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意:我相信你非常適合多蘿西!A.anxious緊張的;B.sorry抱歉

的;C.perfect最佳的;D.ready準備好的。根據(jù)下文“IhaveyouinmindfbrDorothy”可知,

薩瑟夫人認為作者是這個角色的最佳人選。故選C。

【6題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:這是你的選擇。A.tum翻轉;B.choice選擇;Cluck運氣;D.

responsibility責任。根據(jù)上文“Ifyoureallydon'twantto,though,Iwon'tmakeyou.“可知,薩

瑟夫人認為,如果作者真的不想出演,她不會強迫,意為這是作者自己的選擇。故選B。

【7題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:在她的話的鼓勵下,我突然想看看我能做些什么。A.words話語;

B.stories故事;C.adventures冒險;D.lectures課程。根據(jù)上文“Afterschool,Mrs.Sathersaid

tome,“Dallas,Iwasyoudidn'traiseyourhand.You'regreatatmemorizingthings,and

youhavesuchasweetpersonality.I'msureyouareforDorothy!Ihaveyouinmindfor

Dorothyandwantyoutowritetheplaytoo!Ifyoureallydon'twantto,though,Iwon'tmakeyou.

It,syour可知,是這些話鼓舞了作者去參加演出。故選A。

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:我扮演了這個角色。A.created創(chuàng)造;B.played扮演;C.accepted

接受;D.rememberedt己得。I艮據(jù)下文“Iknewtheywerenotjustcongratulatingformy

performancethatnight,"可知,作者最后愿意扮演多蘿西這個角色。故選B。

【9題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意:演出結束時,當我的老師和同學們站起來歡呼時,我知道他們不

僅僅是在祝賀我當晚的表現(xiàn),而是因為我新找到的自信,他們知道以后會取得成功。A.left

離開;B.struggled掙扎;C.cried哭;D.cheered歡呼。根據(jù)下文“theywerenotjustcongratulating

formyperformancethatnight,butforthesuccess”可知,作者的演出很成功,所以老師和同學

們都站起來為她歡呼祝賀。故選D。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:見第9題詳解。A.skill技能;B.confidence自信;C.interest

趣;D.hobby愛好。根據(jù)上文“Iwasanextremelygirl."和"becauseofmynewlyfound”

可知,作者以前是一個很害羞的女孩,而現(xiàn)在卻能夠在大眾面前成功扮演角色,所以她應該

是找到了自信。故選B。

第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分,共15分)

閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出

提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

A

閱讀短文,在空白處填入適當?shù)膬热莼蚶ㄌ杻葐卧~的正確形式。

Twofirefighters11(wait)inlineatafastfoodrestaurantwhenthesiren(警報器)sounded

ontheirfireengineoutside.Astheyturnedtoleaveacouplewhohadreceivedtheirorderamoment

ago12(hand)theirfoodtothefirefighters.Thecouplethengotbackinlinetoreorder.To

appreciatetheirselflessactasareward,themanagerrefused13(take)thecouple'smoney.

【答案】H.werewaiting12.handed13.totake

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述兩個消防員在快餐店等著買事物的時候,突

然警報器響了。就在他們要離開的時候,一對夫妻把手里剛剛拿到的食物送給了他們。店主

為了獎勵他們,免費給他們提供了新的食物。

【11題詳解】

考查謂語動詞。句意:兩名消防員正在一家快餐店排隊等候的時候,突然外面的消防車響起

警笛聲。根據(jù)句子結構和意思可知,這里描述的是過去正在進行的事情,句子時態(tài)用過去進

行時。主語是Twofirefighters,be動詞用were。故填werewaitingo

【12題詳解】

考查謂語動詞。句意:當他們轉身離開時,一對剛剛收到訂單的夫婦將食物遞給了消防員。

根據(jù)時間狀語從句中的turned可知,這句話描述的是過去的事情,句子時態(tài)用一般過去時,

空格處是謂語動詞,用過去式。故填handed。

【13題詳解】

考查動詞短語。句意:為了感謝他們無私的行為作為獎勵,經(jīng)理拒絕了他們的錢。根據(jù)句子

結構和意思可知,這里考查動詞短語refusetodo,意為“拒絕做某事”。故填totake。

B

閱讀下列短文,根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~,在給出

提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

Everythinghappensforareason.Nothinghappensbychanceorbymeansofgoodluck.Injury,

14(ill),love,andlostmomentsoftruegreatnessalloccurtotestthelimitsofyoursoul.

15thesesmalltests,lifewouldbelikeastraightflatroadtonowhere.Itwouldbesafeand

comfortable,16dullandcompletelypointless.Thesuccessanddownfallyouexperience

helpstocreatewhoyouareanddecide17yougo.

【答案】14.illness15.Without16.but/yet17.where

【語篇解讀]本文是議論文。萬事皆有因,生活中除了幸運快樂之外還有傷害、疾病和失去,

這些考驗使生活更有意義,幫助我們成長。

【14題詳解】

考查名詞。句意:傷害、疾病、愛以及失去真正偉大的時刻都是對你靈魂極限的考驗。和Injury,

love,lostmoments并列在句中做主語,用名詞。故填illness。

【15題詳解】

考查介詞。句意:沒有這些小的考驗,生活就像一條沒有盡頭的筆直平坦的道路。根據(jù)句意,

此處表示“沒有”,置于句首,首字母大寫。故填Without。

【16題詳解】

考查連詞。句意:它雖然安全舒適,但枯燥無味,毫無意義。前后句是轉折關系,故填but/

yeto

【17題詳解】

考查連接副詞。句意:你經(jīng)歷的成功和失敗會幫助你塑造你自己,決定你要去哪里。動詞

decide后是賓語從句,從句中缺少地點狀語,故填where。

C

閱讀下面短文,根據(jù)短文內容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當?shù)膯卧~,在給出

提示詞的空白處用括號內所給詞的正確形式填空。

Somebullettrainsdon'trunontracksatall.Theyflyoverthem.They18(call)maglev

bullettrains(磁懸浮高速歹!J車),andtheyusetwogroupsofmagnetstomove.Onegrouppushes

thetrainsupandoffthetracksandtheothergrouppushesthetrainsforward,19makesthe

trainsgomuchfasterandmakelessnoise,too.Theworld's20(fast)trainnowisamaglev

traininChina.Ithasamaximumspeedof600kilometersperhour.

【答案】18.arecalled19.which20.fastest

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章介紹了磁懸浮列車。

【18題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意:他們稱之為磁懸浮高速列車,他們使用兩組磁鐵來移動。主語they

和謂語動詞call是被動關系,介紹事實用一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。故填arecalled。

【19題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意:一組把火車推離軌道,另一組把火車往前推,讓火車跑得更快,噪音

也更小。指代前面一件事,用which引導非限制性定語從句,作主語。故填which。

[20題詳解】

考查形容詞最高級。句意:現(xiàn)在世界上最快的列車是中國的磁懸浮列車。the后面加形容詞

最高級。故填fastest。

第二部分:閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),38分)

第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分,共28分)

閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中,選出最佳選項,并在答題卡上將

該項涂黑。

A

ExperiencetheColoradoRivertheHualapaiWay!

Since1973,HualapaiRiverRunnershasbeenconductingwhitewaterrafting(漂流)journeyson

theColoradoRiver.Ourexperiencedguidesexpertlysailalongtheriverandsharethehistoryof

theCanyonandtheHualapaipeoplewithyou.

Visitorsexperiencetheexcitementofwhitewaterrapidsandthenstoptoenjoytheimpressive

beautyofTravertineFallsandatastylunch.Nochargeforchildrentwoyearsoldandunder.

One-DayTrip

Retail$249.00+$79.00(helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation)

WhitewaterraftingtoursbegininPeachSprings.HualapaiRiverRunnerstransportsyouto

DiamondCreek,whichisthestartingpointforthe37-mileraftingtour.Lunchisincludedand

uponarrivalattheraftingtourterminationpoint,flyoutoftheGrandCanyonbyhelicopterto

GrandCanyonWest.

Two-DayTrip

Retail$549.00+$79.00(helicopterandround-tripgroundtransportation)

Two-dayraftingtripwithonenightontheColoradoRiverallowsmoretimetoexploreoneof

theSevenWondersoftheWorld.Allsuppliesandmealsareincluded.

ToursInclude:

?Round-triptransportationfromPeachSpringstothestartingpointandfromtheterminationpoint

backtoPeachSprings.

?Snack,drinksandlunch(vegetarianmealsavailableuponrequest)

?Waterproofdrybagsforstoringyourcameras,sunscreen,dryclothes,etc

Thehelicopterpartoftransportationisweatherpermitting.Ifthehelicoptertransportationis

cancelledbecauseofbadweather,theraftwillcontinueanadditionaltwohourstoSouthCove

andamaximum$20.00percustomerwillbegivenback.

SpecialWebsitebookingrate15%offraftinginJuly.Sobooknow!

CallusTollFreeToday!Tel:1-888-868-9378

21.Wheredowhitewaterraftingtoursstart?

A.GrandCanyon.B.DiamondCreek.C.TravertineFalls.D.GrandCanyonWest.

22.Welearnfromthepassagethat.

A.youwillget$20backifyouaredissatisfied

B.HualapaiRiverRunnersprovidesdryclothes

C.thetripisfreeofchargeforchildrenundertwo

D.onlinebookinghasabetterofferallyearround

23.WhatisincludedintheTwo-DayTrip?

A.AhelicopterridetoGrandCanyonWest.

B.A37-mileraftingtourstartinginPeachSprings

C.Single-tripgroundtransportationfromPeachSprings.

D.OnenightontheColoradoRiverwithallsuppliesandmeals.

24.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Toattractpeopletothesights.

B.ToexploretheHualapaiculture.

C.Toexplainhowtomakearaftingtrip.

D.TointroducethehistoryoftheColoradoRiver.

【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇應用文,為HualapaiRiverRunners提供的科羅拉多河激流漂筏之

旅做廣告。

【21題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“One?DayTrip”下面的“HualapaiRiverRunnerstransportsyoutoDiamond

Creek,whichisthestartingpointforthe37-mileraftingtour.(HualapaiRiverRunners將帶你前往

鉆石溪,這里是37英里漂流之旅的起點。廠可知,激流漂筏的起點是鉆石溪。故選B。

【22題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Nochargeforchildrentwoyearsoldandunder.(兩歲及以下兒童

免費。)''可知,這項旅行對兩歲及以下的兒童免費。故選C。

【23題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Two-DayTrip”下面的"Two-dayraftingtripwithonenightontheColorado

RiverallowsmoretimetoexploreoneoftheSevenWondersoftheWorld.Allsuppliesandmeals

areincluded.(為期兩天的漂流之旅,在科羅拉多河上度過一晚,讓你有更多的時間探索世界

七大奇跡之一。包括所有用品和餐食。廠可知,兩日游套餐包括在科羅拉多河上住一晚以及

所有用品和餐食。故選D。

【24題詳解】

目的意圖題。根據(jù)文章標題"ExperiencetheColoradoRivertheHualapaiWay!(用Hualapai

方式體驗科羅拉多河?。币约拔恼履┪驳摹癝pecialWebsitebookingrate15%offraftingin

July.Sobooknow!(7月網(wǎng)站預訂漂流由15%的特別折扣。所以現(xiàn)在就預訂吧!)”并結合全文

可推知,本文是一則廣告,介紹了HualapaiRiverRunners提供的科羅拉多河激流漂筏之旅,

目的是吸引游客前來旅游。故選A。

B

MyHouse

MymothermovedalotwhenshewasgrowinguponaccountofGrandpabeinginthearmy.She

hatedhavingtoadjusttonewschoolsandmakenewfriends.ThafswhyIthoughtshewasjoking

whensheputforwardtheideaofmoving.Butshewascompletelyserious."Forjustthetwoofus,“

mymothersaid,t6anapartmentinthecitywillsuitourneedsmuchbetter.^^Personally,Ithinkshe's

losthermind.IguessIcanunderstandwhyshewouldwanttomove,butwhataboutmeandwhat

thishousemeanstome?

Isupposeifyoulookedatmyhouse,youmightthinkitwasjustanothercountryhouse.Buttome

itisanythingbutstandard.Imovedintothishousewithmyparentstenyearsago.Icanstill

rememberthatfirstdaylikeitwasyesterday.ThefirstthingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tome

itseemedlikeanoceanofgrass——Icouldn'twaittodivein.Thebackyardwasfullofgnarled(扭曲

的,粗糙的)andscarytreesthattalkonwindynights.ButIgrewtolikethemandtheshadowsthey

castinmyroom.MyfatherandIevenbuiltasmalltreehouse,whereIoftengotorememberallthe

wonderfultimeswehadbeforemyfather^death.

Thishouseisspecial-maybeonlytome-butspecialnevertheless.Ifsthelittleseemingly

insignificantthingsthatmakethishousesospecialtome:theice-coldtilefloorsthatmakeme

trembleonmidnight;thesmellofmyfather'spipethatstillexists:thetoweringbookcasesofmy

mother;theviewoutsidemybedroomwindow.

Thishouseholdstoomanymemories,memorieswhichwouldbelostifwegaveitup.

25.Whydidtheauthor'smotherdecidetomove?

A.Becauseshehatedthecountryside.

B.BecauseGrandpawasonconstantmove.

C.BecauseDad'sdeathmadeherlosehermind.

D.Becauseshethoughtacityflatmorefitforthem.

26.Whatimpressedtheauthorwhenshefirstmovedintothehouse?

A.Thetreehouse.B.Thegreengrass.C.Thebigtrees.D.Thecoldfloors.

27.Howdidtheauthorletusfeelthatthehousewasspecialtoher?

A.Byarguingwhetherthehousewasstandard.

B.Byexplainingwhythehousesuitedtheirneeds.

C.Bydescribingthesmallthingsrelatedtoherhouse.

D.Bycomparingthedifferencesbetweencountryandcitylife.

【答案】25.D26.B27.C

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文,主要講述了作者農村的家對作者的特殊意義,這所房子承

載了許多回憶,而她不想丟下這些回憶,所以不愿搬家。

【25題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的",F(xiàn)orjustthetwoofus,5mymothersaid,canapartmentinthecity

willsuitourneedsmuchbetter.(就我們兩個人而言,,我母親說,,城市里的公寓會更適合我

們的需求。)'可知,因為作者的母親認為城市的一間公寓更加適合她們兩個,所以決定搬家。

故選D。

【26題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"ThefirstthingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tomeitseemed

likeanoceanofgrass一Icouldn,twaittodivein.(我首先注意到的是大前院。對我來說,這就

像一片草地的海洋——我迫不及待地想撲進去。產(chǎn)可知,當作者最初搬進這所房子時,給她

留下深刻印象的是前院的綠草地。故選B。

【27題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Icanstillrememberthatfirstdaylikeitwasyesterday.Thefirst

thingInoticedwasthebigfrontyard.Tomeitseemedlikeanoceanofgrass-Icouldn'twaitto

divein.Thebackyardwasfullofgnarled(扭曲的,粗糙的)andscarytreesthattalkonwindynights.

ButIgrewtolikethemandtheshadowstheycastinmyroom.MyfatherandIevenbuiltasmall

treehouse,whereIoftengotorememberallthewonderfultimeswehadbeforemyfather^death.(我

還記得第一天,就像昨天一樣。我首先注意到的是大前院。對我來說,這就像一片草地的海

洋——我迫不及待地想撲進去。后院里長滿了扭曲的可怕的樹,在刮風的夜晚它們會說話。

但我漸漸喜歡上了它們和它們在我房間里投下的陰影。我父親和我甚至建了一個小樹屋,我

經(jīng)常去那里回憶父親去世前我們所有的美好時光。)”和第三段“Thishouseisspecial-maybe

onlytome-butspecialnevertheless.Ifsthelittleseeminglyinsignificantthingsthatmakethis

housesospecialtome:theice-coldtilefloorsthatmakemetrembleonmidnight;thesmellofmy

father'spipethatstillexists:thetoweringbookcasesofmymother;theviewoutsidemybedroom

window.(這所房子很特別——也許只對我來說——但無論如何都很特別。正是那些看似微不

足道的小事讓這所房子對我來說如此特別:冰冷的瓷磚地板讓我在午夜顫抖;我父親煙斗的

味道仍然存在:我母親高聳的書架;我臥室窗外的景色。戶可推測出,作者通過描述與房子

有關的小事來展現(xiàn)出作者對房子的特別情感。故選C。

C

Thereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday,soit'snotonlynecessary,butalso

essentialtohaveagoodsenseofhumorjusttohelpustidethroughdifficulttimesinourlives.

Puttingasmileonsomeone,sfacewhenyouknowtheyarefeelingdepressed,asthesayinggoes,

makesmefeelgoodandwarmsmyheart.

Howwouldyoufeelifyoucouldnotjokearoundwithyourwife,husband,child,co-worker,

neighbor,closefriend,orevenjustsomeonethatyouarestandinginlinewithatyourcornerstore?

Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifIdon'tknowthepersonI'm

jokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshedid,evenifitwasthe

hardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,butalsoiscommon

courtesy(禮貌)tospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.

Iknowofafewpeoplethatdon'thaveafunnyboneintheirbodies,astheysay.Everyonearound

themcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearingagreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithoutthe

slightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthejokethatmakesotherslaugh.Iambustingagut

whiletheyjustsitthere,lookingatmeasifIwerefromouterspace.Howcanpeoplenotgetareally

funnyjoke?

Laughingisessentialtokeepingyourstresslevelsundercontrol.Withouthumorwewouldfind

ourselveswithalotofpsychologicalproblems,oronalotofmedicationstokeepusfromgoing

crazy.Thereistoomuchsadnessinthispresentworld.Itdrivespeoplecrazy.Weallneedtofinda

waytobypassthesadnessandbringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineisto

gettogetherandtellsomejokesandhavesomefunlaughingtogether.

28.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthepresentworld?

A.Positive.B.Satisfied.C.Critical.D.Indifferent.

29.Theauthoranswersthequestioninthesecondparagraphwith.

A.evidenceandargumentB.opinionsandpersuasion

C.examplesandconclusionD.descriptionsandanalysis

30.Thephrase"bustingagut“underlinedinParagraph3canbereplacedby.

A.speakingloudlyB.laughinghard

C.actingstrangelyD.explainingcarefully

31.Inwritingthepassage,theauthormainlyintendsto.

A.talkabouthisownunderstandingofhumor

B.introduceapracticalwaytogetthroughdailylife

C.encouragepeopletomakejokesaboutseriousmatters

D.convincepeopleofthepowerofbeingoptimisticaboutlife

【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.D

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇議論文,主要講的是幽默和笑的重要性。

【28題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段"Thereexistcruelwars,fightingandsadnessintheworldtoday(當今世

界存在著殘酷的戰(zhàn)爭、戰(zhàn)斗和悲傷)”可知,作者對當今世界持批評的態(tài)度,故選C。

[29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Iamalwayssayingthingsthatmakeotherssmileorlaugh,evenifI

don'tknowthepersonFmjokingaroundwith.MyGrandmaalwaysfoundhumorineverythingshe

did,evenifitwasthehardestjobanyonecouldimagine.Thisnotonlyrelievesstressinanysituation,

butalsoiscommoncourtesy(禮貌)tospeaktoothersthatarearoundyou.(我總是說——些讓另U人

微笑或大笑的話,即使我不知道和我開玩笑的人是誰。我奶奶總是在她做的每件事中找到幽

默,即使那是任何人能想象到的最困難的工作。這不僅在任何情況下都能緩解壓力,而且對

你周圍的人說話也是一種禮貌。)”可知,第二段用證據(jù)來說明幽默的好處,因此是通過證據(jù)

與論證來回答第二段的問題,故選A。

[30題詳解】

詞句猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段"Everyonearoundthemcouldberollingonthefloorafterhearing

agreatjokeandtheywouldsittherewithouttheslightestsmileontheirface.Theydon'tgetthe

jokethatmakesotherslaugh.(他們周圍的每個人都可能在聽到一個很棒的笑話后在地板上打

滾,他們會坐在那里,臉上沒有一絲微笑。他們聽不懂讓別人發(fā)笑的笑話。戶和“whilethey

justsitthere(而他們只是坐在那里)”可知,作者聽到笑話會笑得很厲害,劃線短語bustinga

gut的意思是“大笑故選Bo

【31題詳解】

推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是最后一段“Weallneedtofindawaytobypassthesadnessand

bringalittlelightintoourlives.So,Ibelieveourbestmedicineistogettogetherandtellsomejokes

andhavesomefunlaughingtogether.(我們都需要找到一種方法來繞過悲傷,給我們的生活帶

來一點光明。所以,我相信我們最好的藥是聚在一起,講一些笑話,一起笑得開心。廣可知,

本文作者給大家論述了幽默和笑的重要性,因此目的是讓人們相信對生活保持樂觀的力量。

故選D。

D

Arelationshipbetweentheamountofadultspeechchildrenareexposedtoandtheconcentrationof

myelin,asubstanceinthebrain,hasbeenfound,researcherssay."Ithinkthetake-homemessage

is,absolutelytalkingtoyourkids.Ifsliterallyshapingthestructureofthebran,^^saystheleadauthor,

ProfJohnP.SpenceroftheUniversityofEastAnglia.

Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeechareassociatedwithhigher

quantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,forthe6-month-olds,it

goestheoppositeway.

Whilethelatterisunexpected,Spencerpointsoutonepossiblefactor:thebrain,sstageof

development.

“Whenbabiesaresixmonthsold,theyexperiencemassivegrowthofnewnervecells,“hesays."So

theinputcomesinandmayhelpextendtheperiodofbraingrowth.”"Whileat30months,thebrain

startstocutbacksomeofthecellgrowth,andformspecificconnections.Thafswheremyelincomes

in.Sonowtheinputstartstohelpstructurethemyelin,9,headds.

Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothagegroupsandthatthemoreadult

speechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbetolanguage.Thenextstepforthemis

tofigureoutwhetherthe6-month-oldbabiesshowingthatnegativeconnectionwillsurelyturninto

30-month-oldkidswhoshowpositiverelationship.

Dr.SaloniKrishnan,Readerincognitiveneuroscience(認知神經(jīng)科學)atRoyalHolloway,

UniversityofLondon,whoisnotinvolvedinthework,however,notesindividualdifferencesin

languageabilityarelinkedtogenetics.""Childrenwhoareexposedtomorelanguageathomeand

havehighermyelinationwillalsohaveinheritedgenes(經(jīng)遺傳獲得的基因)fromparentswhoare

moreexcellentinlanguages,shesaid."Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotential

geneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinput

childrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheirchildren.^^

32.Whatsurprisestheteam?

A.Thefindingforthe6-month-olds.

B.Thefindingforthe30-month-olds.

C.Howtheinputhelpnervecellsgrow.

D.Howtheinputhelpstructurethemyelin.

33.Whatdoestheresearchersthinkofadultspeech?

A.Itispositivelyrelatedtomyelin.

B.Itcutsbacksomeofthecellgrowth.

C.Itseffectvarieswiththesizeofbrains.

D.Itishelpfulforbothgroups5languageability

34.WhatmightDr.SaloniKrishnanapproveof?

A.Theteamshoulddomoreresearch.

B.Parentsmusttalkmoretotheirkids.

C.Inheritedgenesdecidelanguageability.

D.Theconcentrationofmyelinmakesnosense.

【答案】32.A33.D34.A

【語篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報道。主要介紹了一個研究團隊的發(fā)現(xiàn)(多跟孩子交流有助于

孩子的大腦發(fā)育,尤其是語言方面)和其他專家就該研究發(fā)現(xiàn)發(fā)表的言論。

【32題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段"Theteamfind,forthe30-month-olds,largeramountsofadultspeech

areassociatedwithhigherquantitiesofmyelininlanguage-relatedpathwaysinthebrain;however,

forthe6-month-olds,itgoestheoppositeway.(研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn),對于30個月大的嬰兒來說,更

多的成人語言與大腦中語言相關通路中更多的髓磷脂有關;然而,對于6個月大的嬰兒來說,

情況正好相反)'’以及第四段“Whilethelatter(后者)isunexpected,Spencerpointsoutone

possiblefactor:thebrain'sstageofdevelopment.(雖然后者出乎意料,但斯賓塞指出了一個可能

的因素:大腦的發(fā)育階段)”可知,使這個研究團隊吃驚的是第三段中提到的對六個月大的嬰

兒的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),故選A項。

[33題詳解】

細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句"Theresearchersconcludeadultspeechissignificantforbothage

groupsandthatthemoreadultspeechchildrengothrough,themoresensitivetheywillbeto

language(研究人員得出結論,成人語言對兩個年齡段的人都很重要,孩子們說的成人語言越

多,他們對語言就越敏感)”可知,研究人員得出結論:父母的言語對六個月大和三十個月大

的孩子都很重要;并且孩子所接收的父母的言語越多,孩子們日后對語言就會越敏感,故選

D項。

【34題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“"Nofinalconclusioncouldbemadebeforethispotential

geneticeffectaretested.Andyettherebeingcurrentlynostandardaroundtheamountofinput

childrenshouldreceive,caregiversshouldnotnecessarilyfeelpressuretotalkmoretotheir

children.”(“在測試這種潛在的遺傳效應之前,無法得出最終結論。然而,目前還沒有關于孩

子應該接受多少信息的標準,照顧者不必感到壓力,要和孩子多說話。")”可知,Dr.Saloni

Krishnan認為在潛在的基因方面的影響被測定之前,不能斷言“父母多跟孩子交流會提高孩

子的語言能力”,即這個研究團隊需要做進一步的研究,故選A項。

第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分,共10分)

根據(jù)短文內容,從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項,并在答題卡上將該項

涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。

Ifyoufeeldepressed(9肖沉的),ifsbesttodosomethingaboutit-depressiondoesn'tjustgoaway

onitsown.Inadditiontogettinghelpfromadoctor,herearefourthingsyoucandotofeelbetter.

Exercise.Takea15-to-30-minutewalkeveryday-ordanceandbikeifyouprefer.35But

makeyourselfdoitanyway.Onceyougetintheexercisehabit,itwon'ttakelongtonoticea

differenceinyourmood.

Provideyourselfwithgoodnutrition.Depressioncanaffectappetite(食欲).Onepersonmaynot

feellikeeatingatall,butanothermightovereat.36Soeatplentyoffruitsandvegetablesand

getregularmeals(evenifyoudon'tfeelhungry,trytoeatsomethinglight,likeapieceoffruit,to

keepyougoing).

Findouttroubles.37Whenyouknowwhafsgotyoufeelingblueandwhy,talkaboutitwith

acaringfriend.Talkingisawaytoreceivesomeunderstanding.Ifthere?snoonetotell,pouring

yourheartouttoajournalworksjustaswell.

38Depressionaffectsaperson'sthoughts,makingeverythingseemunhappyandhopeless.

Ifdepressionhasyounoticingonlythenegative,makeanefforttonoticethegoodthingsinlife.

Trytonoticeonething,andthentrytothinkofonemore.Consideryourstrengthsorgifts.

Mostofall,don'tforgettobepatientwithyourself.39

A.Lookonthebrightside.

B.Takeactiontosolveproblems.

C.Depressiontakestimetoheal.

D.Propernutritioncanaffectaperson'smoodandenergy.

E.Peoplewhoaredepressedmaynotfeelmuchlikebeingactive.

ETrytomakeoutanysituationsthathavecontributedtoyourdepression.

G.Withdepression,aperson'screativityandsenseoffunmayseemblocked.

【答案】35.E36.D37.F38.A39.C

【語篇解讀】本文是說明文。文章主要介紹緩解心情低落的方法:經(jīng)常鍛煉,為自己提供良

好的營養(yǎng),找出麻煩和問題,這樣能讓自己的心情好起來。

【35題詳解

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