（江蘇省專用）2024屆高考英語沖刺必考題型真題模擬——科普知識(shí)類閱讀【查漏補(bǔ)缺】知識(shí)點(diǎn)一：科普知識(shí)類閱讀特征這類文章的詞匯和句式的運(yùn)用較別的體裁的文章難度更大。詞匯運(yùn)用靈活，同一詞的不同詞性的用法交替出現(xiàn)，不過考生可以通過這類文體的語言特點(diǎn)來幫助理解語篇，例如，同位語、下定義、解釋、舉例、同義詞、反義詞、上下義詞以及標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)(如破折號(hào)、冒號(hào)都有表示解釋和說明)等猜測(cè)語義。尋找所需信息，如年代、數(shù)字、人名、地名等，把握住關(guān)鍵詞，利用語法過渡詞、語氣轉(zhuǎn)折詞及時(shí)態(tài)等，抓住文章脈絡(luò)。尋找主題句往往是做好此類題的關(guān)鍵。每段的主題句(常在首句、尾句、首尾句、段落中和歸納分析)一般都用來表示一個(gè)段落的主旨大意。而整篇文章的主題句往往隱藏在首段或尾段。這類題型在選擇項(xiàng)中錯(cuò)誤多以干擾項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)，干擾項(xiàng)多屬文中某個(gè)具體事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)、從文中某些(不完全的)事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)片面推出的錯(cuò)誤結(jié)論或者是非文章事實(shí)的主觀臆斷。做題時(shí)不要脫離原文只憑自已的想象混亂推理或只憑常識(shí)推理;答案一定在文章中找到依據(jù)或理由，分析材料所提供的全部事實(shí)。另外要重視文章的主旨，所選答案的內(nèi)容一定不能脫離主題大意。知識(shí)點(diǎn)二：科普知識(shí)類閱讀的考察方向①實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究的目的（Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.）②作者或者某個(gè)文中人物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度（Whatisthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towards…….?）③文章采用的寫作手法（Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?）④最佳標(biāo)題題（What’sthebesttitleofthearticle?）類型1：實(shí)驗(yàn)、研究的目的DPetparrotsthatareallowedtomakevideocallstootherbirdsshowsignsoffeelinglessisolated,accordingtoscientists.Thestudy,whichinvolvedgivingthebirdsacomputerthattheycouldusetomakevideocalls,foundthattheybegantoengageinmoresocialbehaviorsincludingpreening,singingandplaying.Thebirdsweregivenachoiceofwhich“friend”tocallonatouchscreencomputerandthestudyshowedthattheparrotsthatcalledotherbirdsmostoftenwerethemostpopularchoices.IlyenaHirskyj-Douglas,oftheUniversityofGlasgowandaco-authorofthestudy,saidthatvideocallshadhelpedmanypeoplefeellessisolatedinthelastfewyears.Sheadded,“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.Ifwegavethemthechancetocallotherparrots,wouldtheychoosetodoso,andwouldtheexperiencebenefittheparrotsandtheircaregivers?”Theirstudyof18petparrotssuggestedthattherewere,indeed,benefitsforthebirds.Inthewild,manyspeciesofparrotsliveinlargegroups,butaspetstheyare,keptaloneorinasmallgroup.Livingalonecancausebirds,todevelopmentalproblems,whichincluderocking,walkingbackandforth,orself-harmingbehaviorssuchasfeather-plucking.Theparrotsfirstlearnedtoringabellandthentouchaphotoofanotherbirdonthescreenofacomputertomakeacalltothatbird,withthehelpoftheirowners.Intotalthebirdsmade147callstoeachotherduringthestudy,whileownerstookdetailednotesonthebirds’behaviorandtheresearcherslaterreviewedthevideofootage.JenniferCunhaofNortheasternUniversitysaidthattheparrots“seemedtoknow”thattheywerecommunicatingwithotherbirds.“Allthebirdownersinthestudysaidtheyvaluedtheexperience,andwouldwanttocontinueusingthesystemwiththeirparrotsinthefuture,”shesaid.“Iwasquitesurprisedatsomanydifferentbehaviors,”saidHirskyj-Douglas.“Somewouldsing,somewouldplayaroundandgoupsidedown,otherswouldwanttoshowanotherbirdtheirtoys.”34.Themainpurposeofthestudyistofindout_________.A.ifparrotscanlearntomakevideocalls B.ifparrotscanbenefitfromvideocallingC.whyparrotscanhavesomanybenefit D.whyparrotscandevelopmentalproblems【正確答案】34.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thereare20millionparrotslivinginpeople’shomesintheUSA,andwewantedtoexplorewhetherthosebirdsmightbenefit(受益)fromvideocallingtoo.”可知，在美國，有2000萬只鸚鵡生活在人們的家中，我們想探索一下這些鸚鵡是否也能從視頻通話中受益。由此可知，這項(xiàng)研究的主要目的是找出鸚鵡是否能從視頻通話中受益。故選B。類型2：作者或者某個(gè)文中人物的觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度Scientistswhostudyhappinesshaveevidence(證據(jù))toshowthatbeingkindtootherscanresultinhappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanliftaperson’smood,forexample.Everydaylifeisfullofchancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakethemostofthem.Instudies,behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyandIexaminedapossibleexplanation:peoplewhodokindactsunderestimate(低估)howmuchtheonesreceivingkindnessvaluetheirbehavior.Intheexperiments(實(shí)驗(yàn)),about1,000peoplewereaskedtodosomeactionstomakesomeoneelsefeelgood.Weaskedboththepersonperforming(執(zhí)行)thekindactandtheonereceivingittoanswersomequestions.Theperformerswereaskedtoreporttheirownexperienceandtoguesshowthereceiversmightfeel.Wewantedtounderstandhowvaluablepeopleconsideredtheseactstobe,soboththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(評(píng)分)how“big”theactseemed.Inallcases,wecomparedtheperformer’sexpectationsofthereceiver’smoodwiththereceiver’sactual(實(shí)際的)experience.Forone,bothperformersandreceiversexperiencedmorepositive(積極的)moods.Foranother,thereceiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindperformersexpected.Thereceiversalsoratedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butwefoundthatperformersunderestimatedtheirpositiveinfluencesonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,performersinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolateonacoldwinter’sdaytopeoplethatjusthappenedtobenearby.Again,thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmallcouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfor.Consideringthesewarmactionscanimproveourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?35.Whatisthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsshowingkindnesstoothers?A.Supportive. B.Unclear. C.Doubtful. D.Uninterested.【正確答案】35.A推理判斷題。根據(jù)“whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?”可知作者建議我們要選擇善良，所以作者對(duì)于對(duì)別人友善的行為是支持的。故選A。CMyAIfriendI’vespentamonthusingChatGPTeveryday,andIthinkmylifewillneverbethesame.ThebadnewsisthatChatGPTisgoingtotakemyjob.LikemanyforeignersinChina,ImakealivingfrommyEnglishskills.Inmycase,mostlyasaneditor(編輯).Mybreadandbuttercomesfromeditingtextintosmoothpassagesthatanativespeakercanreadwithouttoomucheffort.I’mprettygoodatmyjob,butI’msadtosaythatChatGPTisevenbetteratit.ChatGPTturnsouttobeexcellentatgeneratingheadlines.OnastoryabouteducationsegregationintheUS,itsuggestedtheheadline“UnzippingtheEducationGown:America’sInequalityExposed.”ThegoodnewsisthatChatGPTmakesmemoreefficient,andabetterfriend.Itevenmakesmesmarter.Forexample,mykitchenwasinamessandIdidn’tknowhowtoreorganizeit.Idescribedmykithen,anditgaveexcellentadvice,includingexactlywhatshouldgooneachofthesevenshelves,andwheretoputthepots.Iteventoldmetostopstoringmypotatoesandcarrotsbesideeachother,because“theyreleasegasesthatcancauseeachothertospoilmorequickly.”WhenIneededtoprepareformybaby’sfirstbirthdayparty,itcameupwithanentiremenu,includingaspecial“smashcake”mygirlcouldeatwithherhands,andtoldmetorelax.“Ultimately,themostimportantthingtocreateawelcomingandenjoyableatmosphereforyourguests,andtofocusonspendingtimetogetherandhavingfun,”itremindedme.AsIcontinuetodependonChatGPT,thedistinctionbetweenmyownideasanditscontributionsbecomesincreasinglyunclear.Asyouponderthis,Ileaveyouwithaquestion:didChatGPThelpmewritethisarticle,orwasitsolelytheworkofahuman?41.Whatisthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardChatGPT?A.Unsatisfied B.Unknown C.Opposed(反對(duì)的) D.Favorable(喜愛的)【正確答案】341.D觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)“MyAIfriend”可知，作者把ChatGPT當(dāng)作他的朋友，他喜歡ChatGPT。故選D。類型3：文章采用的寫作手法CVolunteeringisagreatwaytobringpositive（積極的）changestopeople,communitiesandsocietyingeneral.Theword“volunteering”startedbeingusedinthe18thcenturywhenpeoplewerewillinglyjoiningthemilitary（軍事）service.Today,thewordisnotsomuchconnectedwiththemilitaryservice,butwithcommunityservice.Officialorganizedvolunteeringappearedinthe19thcenturyandbecamemorepopularinthe20thcentury.AndthebiggestdevelopmentinvolunteeringwasbroughtbytheInternet.Organizationscanreachpeoplemoreeasilyonline.Helpfulplatformswereraised,andmorevolunteersbecameinterestedwhentheyfoundoutaboutdifferentchances.Wecanlearnalotfromvolunteering.Itconnectsustoothers.Itisagreatwaytomeetnewpeoplewithcommoninterests.Italsohelpsusmakenewfriends,andimprovesoursocialskills.Volunteeringbringsfuninourlife.Itisafunandeasywaytoexploreourinterestsandpassions.Manypeoplevolunteerinordertomaketimeforhobbiesoutsideofwork.Forexample,ifapersonhasadeskjobandwantstospendtimeoutdoors,hemightconsidervolunteeringtohelpplantacommunitygarden,walkdogsforananimalshelter,orhelpoutatachildren’scamp.Volunteeringcanalsobehelpfulforourcareers.Ifweareconsideringanewcareer,volunteeringcanhelpusgetexperienceinotherareasandmeetpeopleinthefield.Also,manyvolunteerchancesprovidetraining,orcanhelpusbuilduponskillswealreadyhave.Volunteeringdoesn’tjustfeelgood.It’sgoodforus.38.HowdoesthewriterorganizetheideainParagraph4?A.Bygivingexamples. B.Bycomparingfacts.C.Bytellingstories. D.Byexplainingrules.【正確答案】38.A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Forexample,ifapersonhasadeskjobandwanttospendtimeoutdoors,hemightconsidervolunteeringtohelpplantacommunitygarden,walkdogsforananimalshelter,orhelpoutatachildren’scamp.”可知，作者通過舉例子來組織第四段的內(nèi)容。故選B。Oneteacherpraisesastudentbysaying“You’resosmart!”Anotherteachersays“Youmusthaveworkedreallyhardatthis!”Whichstudentdoesbetterinschool?Studiesshowthatstudentswhohearthewordsofthesecondteacherwilldobetter.Thosestudentsarelearningthattheireffortisimportant.Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.Thefirstgroupofstudentswaslearningthattheyhadasetamountofskill.Theydidn’tthinktheycoulddoanybetter.Thisiscalledafixedmindset（思維模式）.Thesecondgroupwaslearningthattheycoulddobetteriftheykepttrying.Thisiscalledagrowthmindset.Peoplewhohaveagrowthmindsetbelievethatthebraincangrow;peoplecandobetterandlearnnewskills.Iftheyworkhard,theycanbesuccessful.Howcanteachersandparentshelpstudentssucceed?Theycanfocusmainlyoneffortandnotsimplyonability.Whenstudentssucceed,teachersandparentsshouldpraisetheactualworkratherthanintelligence（智力）ortalent.Whenstudentsfail,theyshouldbetoldhowtheycandobetter.Teachers,parentsandstudentsneedtovalueeffort,notintelligence.BeliefsofFixedandGrowthMindsetsFixedMindsetGrowthMindsetThingsyou’rebornwiththatcannotchangeThingsyoucangrowandimprovewithhardworkSomethingtoavoid—couldshowlackofskillSomethingimportant—leadstosuccessThingstoavoid—incaseyouaren’tgoodenoughThingsthathelpyoulearn36.Howdoesthewriterorganizetheideasinthearticle?A.Bytellingstories. B.Bylistingnumbers.C.Bydrawingmindmaps. D.Bycomparingfacts.【正確答案】36.D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Psychologists（心理學(xué)家）lookedatwhatstudentsdidaftertheyweregivendifferenttypesofpraise.Somestudentsweretoldthattheyweregoodatatask.Theydidn’ttryveryhardthenexttime.Otherstudentsweretoldthattheyhadworkedhardatatask.Theyworkedevenharderthenexttime.”可知，文章第二段介紹了兩組不同的學(xué)生在接受不同表揚(yáng)后的行為表現(xiàn)，說明了固定型思維和成長型思維的不同；故文章通過對(duì)比事實(shí)來組織文章中心思想。故選D。DHaveyouheardthelatestbuzz(蜂鳴)?Bumblebeeshave.Accordingtoanewstudy,trendscanpassthroughabumblebeecolony(族群)asbeeswatchandcopyoneanother’sbehavior.Thismeansthebeeshaveaculture,whichisasetofsharedbehaviorsanimalslearnfromoneanother.Peopleoncethoughthumansweretheonlyspeciestodevelopcultures,butchimpanzeesandsomebirdshavealsobeenfoundtohavethisability.AresearchteamfromtheUKsetuppuzzleboxesthatofferedasweet-tastingrewardwhenopened.“Demonstrator”(演示者)beesweretaughttoopentheboxesbypushingaredtaborabluetab.Some“Observer”(觀察者)beessawthedemonstratorbeesopentheboxes,whileotherbeeswerenotallowedtowatchbeforetryingtoopentheboxesthemselves.Thegroupofbeesthathadwatchedademonstratorwereabletoopenthepuzzleboxesabout28timesaday,whiletheothergroupopenedthemonlyonceaday.Theobserverbeesalmostalwaysusedthesamemethodasthedemonstratorsdid.Forexample,thosewhowatchedabeeopenaboxusingtheredtabalmostalwayspushedtheredtabaswell.“Someofthemwouldplayaroundwiththeboxand?ndanotherway,buttheystillwouldreturnreallystronglytothedemonstrator’spreferredbehavior,”AliceBridges,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldTheWashingtonPost.Shesaidthebeesweredeveloping“alocaltrend.”Evenwhentheresearchersallowedgroupsofbeestoseebothmethods,eachgroupsoondevelopeditsowntrend.Askillwaspassedalongasnewbeeslearnedfrommoreexperiencedbees.Afterseveraldays,onecolonycametopreferthe“bluemethod”,whiletheotheralmostalwayschosethe“redmethod.”“Thefactthatbeescanwatchandlearn,andthenmakeahabitofthatbehavior,addstothefactthattheyarefarsmartercreaturesthanalotofpeoplehavethought,”saidstudyco-authorLarsChittka.42.Howdoesthescientistsexplaintheirfindingsaboutthebumblebees?A.Byintroducingsomerules.B.Bylistingalotofnumbers.C.Bymentioningachievementsinothers’studies.D.Bymakingcomparisonsindifferentexperiments.【正確答案】42.D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)““Demonstrator”(演示者)beesweretaughttoopentheboxesbypushingaredtaborabluetab.Some“Observer”(觀察者)beessawthedemonstratorbeesopentheboxes,whileotherbeeswerenotallowedtowatchbeforetryingtoopentheboxesthemselves.”可知，科學(xué)家通過在不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)中進(jìn)行對(duì)比，從而來解釋他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。類型4：最佳標(biāo)題題CChatGPT,anintelligentAIchatbot(聊天機(jī)器人)tool,hasbeenverypopularallovertheworldinthepastfewmonths.AccordingtoaUSsurveyofmorethan1,000students,over89percentofthemhaveusedChatGPTtohelpwiththeirhomework.DevelopedbyUScompanyOpenAI,ChatGPTisapowerfultool.Youcanaskittowritestoriesandemails,createrecipes,translatelanguages,andanswerallkindsofquestions.SomeschoolsintheUS,AustraliaandFrancehavebanned(禁止)theuseofChatGPT.IntheUS,forexample,NewYorkCitypublicschoolsbannedstudentsandteachersfromusingChatGPT.Themovecomesoutofworriesthatthetoolcouldmakeiteasierforstudentstocheat(作弊)onhomework.SomealsoworrythatChatGPTcouldbeusedtospreadincorrectinformation.Apartfrombans,teachersaremakingchangestotheirclassestostoptheuseofChatGPT.SomecollegeteachersintheUStrytoincludemorespeakingexamsandhandwrittenpapersinsteadoftypedones.However,notallschoolssay“no”toChatGPT.SomeCanadianuniversitiesaredraftingpoliciesonitsuse,forbothstudentsandteachers.Theyhavenoplanstocompletelybanthetoolsofar.BhaskarVira,pro-vice-chancellor(副校長)foreducationattheUniversityCambridgeintheUK,saidthatbansonAlsoftwarelikeChatGPTarewise.“WehavetoknowthatAIisatoolpeoplewilluse,”hetoldtheschoolnewpertheuniversity.Whatweneedtodois“changeourlearning,teachingandexamination.Thatway,wecan“haveintegrity(誠信)whilerecognizing(認(rèn)可)theuseofthetool”.41.What’sthebesttitleofthispassage?A.ChatGPT:Ausefultoolforpeople B.ChatGPT:AuselesstoolforpeopleC.ChatGPT:GoodorBad? D.WhatisChatGPT?【正確答案】41.C最佳標(biāo)題題。通過全文可知，主要介紹了一款智能聊天機(jī)器人以及人們對(duì)它的不同的態(tài)度，其中有的人持支持態(tài)度，有的人持反對(duì)態(tài)度，D選項(xiàng)“ChatGPT:GoodorBad?”（ChatGPT：是好還是壞？），符合題意。故選C。DIt’sapopularbeliefthatafish’smemorylastsforonlysevenseconds.Itmayseemsadtothinkthattheydon’trememberwhatthey’veeatenorwherethey’vebeen,andtheydon’trecognize(識(shí)別)youoranyoftheirfriends—everymomentintheirlifewouldbelikeseeingtheworldforthefirsttime.Butdon’tbesoquicktofeelsorryforthem.Anewstudyhasfoundthatfishhaveamuchbettermemorythanweusedtothink.Infact,certainkindoffishcanevenremembereventsfromaslongas12daysago.Inthestudy,researchersfromMacEwanUniversityinCanadatrainedakindoffishcalledAfricancichlidstogotoacertainareaoftheirtanktogetfood.Theythenwaitedfor12daysbeforeputtingthembackinthetankagain.Researchersusedcomputersoftwaretomonitorthefish’smovements.Theyfoundthataftersuchalongbreakthefishstillwenttothesameplacewheretheyfirstgotfood.Thissuggestedthattheycouldremembertheirpastexperiences.Infact,scientistshadbeenthinkingforalongtimethatAfricancichlidsmighthaveagoodmemory.Anearlierstudyshowedthattheybehavedaggressivelyinfrontofcertainfish,perhapsbecausetheyrememberedtheirpast“fights”.Butuntilthelatestfindings,therewasnoclearevidence.40.Whatisthepurposeofparagraph1?A.Toshowfish’sbadmemory. B.Toshowthemainideaofthepassage.C.Toshowourmisunderstandingaboutfish. D.Tomakereadersfeelsorryforfish.【正確答案】40.C主旨大意題。根據(jù)“It’sapopularbeliefthatafish’smemorylastsforonlysevenseconds…”可知，第一段講述了我們所認(rèn)知的魚記憶力只有7秒鐘，目的是為了來說明我們對(duì)魚的誤解，故選C。Scientistswhostudyhappinesshaveevidence(證據(jù))toshowthatbeingkindtootherscanresultinhappiness.Actsassimpleasbuyingacupofcoffeeforsomeonecanliftaperson’smood,forexample.Everydaylifeisfullofchancesforsuchactions,yetpeopledonotalwaysmakethemostofthem.Instudies,behavioralscientistNicholasEpleyandIexaminedapossibleexplanation:peoplewhodokindactsunderestimate(低估)howmuchtheonesreceivingkindnessvaluetheirbehavior.Intheexperiments(實(shí)驗(yàn)),about1,000peoplewereaskedtodosomeactionstomakesomeoneelsefeelgood.Weaskedboththepersonperforming(執(zhí)行)thekindactandtheonereceivingittoanswersomequestions.Theperformerswereaskedtoreporttheirownexperienceandtoguesshowthereceiversmightfeel.Wewantedtounderstandhowvaluablepeopleconsideredtheseactstobe,soboththeperformerandreceiverhadtorate(評(píng)分)how“big”theactseemed.Inallcases,wecomparedtheperformer’sexpectationsofthereceiver’smoodwiththereceiver’sactual(實(shí)際的)experience.Forone,bothperformersandreceiversexperiencedmorepositive(積極的)moods.Foranother,thereceiversfeltmuchbetterthanthekindperformersexpected.Thereceiversalsoratedtheseactsas“bigger”thanthepeopleperformingthemdid.Atfirst,westudiedactsofthekindnessdoneforfamiliarpeople,suchasfriends,classmatesorfamily.Butwefoundthatperformersunderestimatedtheirpositiveinfluencesonstrangersaswell.Inoneexperiment,performersinapublicparkgaveawayhotchocolateonacoldwinter’sdaytopeoplethatjusthappenedtobenearby.Again,thekindactbroughtmorehappinessthantheperformersexpected.Thesefindingssuggestthatwhatmightseemsmallcouldmatteragreatdealtothepersonwedoitfor.Consideringthesewarmactionscanimproveourownmoodandbrightenthedayofanotherperson,whynotchoosekindnesswhenwecan?36.Whatisthemainideaofthisarticle?A.Beingkindcanreduceone’shappinessasexpected.B.Kindnesscanhaveunexpectedlypositiveinfluences.C.Choosingkindnessismoredifficultthanexpected.D.Showingkindnessismorevaluablethanreceivingit.【正確答案】36.B主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了研究表明，善良會(huì)產(chǎn)生意想不到的積極影響。故選B。DManyofushaveseenrainbowsintheskyoncethesunstartsshiningagainafteritrains.Forustoseearainbow,theconditionsneedtobejustright.Weneedsomewaterdropsintheair,likerainorevenfog,andweneedthesuntobebehindusandquitelowtotheground.Thisisbecausearainbowiscreatedbylightpassingthroughwaterdrops.Thelightthatcomesfromthesunseemswhitetous.Butthewhitelightweseeismadeupofamixofdifferentcolors.Whenthelightgoesthrougharaindrop,thesecolorscanseparateout.Eachofthecolorsintherainbowhasadifferent“wavelength”(波長).Raindropslooklikelittleballs.Whenlighthitsoneoftheselittleballsofwater,thelightcanchangedirection.Wecallthis“refraction”(折射).Eachofthedifferentwavelengthsisrefracteddifferently.Ifthelighthitstheraindropattherightplace,therefractionseparatesthewavelengthsoutintotheirdifferentcolors.Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue.Blueandgreenarenexttoeachotherintherainbow,whichiswhywecanseeturquoise(amixofblueandgreen).Brownisamixofredandgreen.Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.Blackiswhatweseewhenthere’snolightatall.Ontheotherhand,whiteisamixofallthecolorstogether.Whenlightisrefractedbyraindrops,itseparatesthewhitelightout,meaningitisnolongerwhite.40.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.Howarethecolorsreceivedintherainbow?B.Whencanthecolorsturnblueintherainbow?C.Whichcolorsaren’tcoveredwithlightintherainbow?D.Whycan’twefindwhite,blackandbrownintherainbow?【正確答案】40.D本最佳標(biāo)題題。根據(jù)“Wearetaughttherearesevencolors:red,orange,yellow,green,blue,indigoandviolet.Butthisisn’texactlytrue...Buttheyaren’tnexttoeachotherintherainbow,sowedon’tseethemmixtomakebrown.”和“Wewouldneverseeblackandwhiteinarainbow.”可知，我們被教導(dǎo)有七種顏色：紅、橙、黃、綠、藍(lán)、靛和紫，但是我們?cè)诓屎缰锌床灰姲咨?，黑色和棕色，所以D選項(xiàng)符合，故選D。BTheDramaFestivalwillruninandoutsideChinafromJune20toJuly7.Sixty-fiveworkswillbeputonbothintheatersandonline.“Thefestivalisallaboutimaginationconnectingdramawiththelatesttechnology,”saysLiuChang,managerofthefestival,whoisalsoadramadirector.Technologyhasimproveddesign,performancesandsoon.ArtistslikeLiuaren’tsureifthenewtechnologycantakedramatothefuture.AChineseplaydirectedbyMengJinghui,inspired(賦予靈感)bythetwo-partdramaFaustbyJohannWolfgangvonGoethe,willbeonastheopeningplayofthefestival.Inthefirsthalfoftheplay,Mengintroducesthestoryto400realaudiences(觀眾)sittingintheFengchaoTheaterinBeijing.Thesecondhalfoftheplaywillhavemoreaudiences,whousetheircellphones,computersandheadsetstobepartoftheplayonline.ZhangZhouxiangisadirectorfullofimagination.Hiswork,inspiredbyHieronymusBosch’spaintingTheGardenofEarthlyDelights,willbeshownfromJune30toJuly2.SupportedbyAI,audiencescanexplorethefictitiousscene,similartothefeelingintherealworld,asthepaintingdescribes.“Thestage(舞臺(tái))designisdonebyAI,whichislikeanassistantrealizingtheideasofmeandmyteam,”saysLiu,“NowItrytousethelatesttechnology,suchasChatGPT,towritethescript,andIamstillworkingonitbecausethelanguagemodelisdifficulttounderstand.”Nowtechnologyisplayingamoreandmoreimportantrole.Manyartistswanttouseittoimprovedrama.Theyareveryinterestedintherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthelatesttechnology,especiallywhenconnectedindrama—ascenetodream.37.Whatisthebesttitleofthispassage?A.Adramafestival B.HumanimaginationC.Dramaofthefuture D.AI-assistedtechnology【正確答案】37.D最佳標(biāo)題題。本文主要介紹AI在戲劇節(jié)中的運(yùn)用。D項(xiàng)“AI輔助的科技”符合題意。故選D。Youstandinagarden.Alownoisereachesyourears.Youseeasmallinsectflyingnearyourhead.Youturntolook,anditfliesoutofsight.Thereitisagain!Youmoveslowly.Youcanseeyellowandblackstripesonit.Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.Beesfold(折疊)theirwingsontotheirbackswhentheystopflying.Butthisinsect’swingsreachoutlikeafly’s.That’sbecauseitisafly—aflowerfly.Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.Thishelpskeepthemsafefromanimalsthatmaywanttoeatthem.Insectswithyellowandblackstripesusuallyhavestingers(刺).Insecteaters,suchassomebirdsandfrogs,needtogetstungonlyoncetoknowthatstripesmeantrouble.Flowerfliescan’tsting,butinsecteatersseethestripesandleavethefliesalone.Flowerfliesspendmostoftheirtimelookingforfood.Likebees,flowerflieseatpollen(花粉)andnectar(花蜜).Thismakesthemeasytofindinagardenfullofflowers.Theyarehelpfulgardeninsectsjustlikebees.Adultflowerfliesmovepollenfromoneflowertoanother,whichhelpssomeflowersgrowintofruit.Flowerfliescanstayinoneplacewhileflying.Mostinsectsmoveforwardwhentheyfly.Butflowerfliescantwisttheirwings,muchlikehummingbirdsdo.Twistingkeepstheminoneplace,sotheycanremainoverflowers,leaves,orevenyou!40.Whatmightthewriterofthepassageagreewith?A.Peopleusuallypreferbeestoflowerflies.B.Peoplesometimesmistakeflowerfliesforbees.C.Peopleshouldstopbirdseatingbeesandflowerflies.D.Peopleshouldhavebeautifulgardensintheirneighbourhood.【正確答案】40.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Isitabee?Itlandsonaflower,andyoutakeacloserlook.”及“Manyflowerflieslooklikebees.”可知，花蠅的外觀和生活習(xí)性與蜜蜂有些相似，所以人們有時(shí)會(huì)把花蠅誤認(rèn)為蜜蜂。故選B。CAteamofChinesescientistsandclimbersreachedthetopofQomolangmaatabout12:30p.m.onTuesday,May23.It’sthesecondtimesincelastyearforthescienceexpedition(考察)teamtoreachthetop.Theteamwasmadeupof13Chinesescientistsandclimbers.Theysetoffataheightof8,300metresforthetopatabout3a.m.Aftermorethan8hoursofhardclimbing,theyarrivedatthe8,830-metreweatherstation.Afterfixingsteelropes,changingbatteriesandputtinginwindspeedanddirectionsensors(傳感器),theyfinishedimprovingtheworld’shighestautomated(自動(dòng)化的)weatherstation,whichwassetupbyChinesescientistslastyear.Besides,theycollectedice-snowsamplesonthetopforfurtherresearch.Theweatherstationrecordstemperatures,windspeedsandotherkeydataforstudyingclimatechange.ClimatescientistshavefoundthatglobalwarminghashadalargeinfluenceontheglaciernumberontheQinghai-TibetPlateau(青藏高原).Overthelastfiftyyears,thetemperatureontheQinghai-TibetPlateauhasrisenabout0.5℃everytenyears.Studyingtheecosystem(生態(tài)系統(tǒng))oftheQinghai-TibetPlateauwillhelpscientistshaveabetterunderstandingoftheinfluenceofclimatechange,andhelpscientistsandthegovernmentmakeproperdecisions.Sincethemid-20thcentury,Chinahassentdifferentres