第五單元如何做詞義猜測題

題型特點(diǎn)

詞義猜測能力是閱讀理解能力的主要組成部分.歷年高考都把猜詞能力作為考生應(yīng)該掌握的一項(xiàng)閱讀

技能列入考試范圍，考查對文中實(shí)詞、短語等的理解。利用文中的舉例猜測詞義是最常用的方法之一,

恰當(dāng)?shù)呐e例能夠?yàn)椴聹y生詞提供重要線索，文章中常用suchas,forexample,forinstance,like等引出例子,

學(xué)生可以根據(jù)例子的隸屬類別來猜測出畫線詞的詞義。

解題策略

1.利用定義語來猜測詞義

在許多情況下，作者預(yù)計(jì)到一般讀者對某個(gè)詞不熟悉，則會(huì)在文章中給出該詞的定義或解釋。這種解釋

可能是一種重復(fù)說明或定義。通過閱讀定義或解釋部分.我們便可理解該詞的基本含義。線索詞有

that,which,is等。

2利用定語或同位語來猜測詞義

通常引出該詞同位語的詞語有or,thatis,inotherwords等，還有的同位語以括號(hào)或破折號(hào)的形式出現(xiàn)。

在這些標(biāo)志后面我們可較容易地找到同畫線詞意義相同或相近的詞。

3利用文章中的舉例來猜測詞義

在閱讀理解中我們可以根據(jù)文章中所舉的例子，從具體到一般,猜出該生詞的意思。

4利用對比或比較的詞語來猜測詞義

當(dāng)作者強(qiáng)調(diào)的事物之間有區(qū)別或?qū)αr(shí),作者往往會(huì)運(yùn)用對比的手法,即會(huì)用到對比的詞語，例如反義

詞,暗示出生詞的含義。能體現(xiàn)對比關(guān)系的詞匯很多，主要有but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,onthe

otherhand,onthecontrary,incontrastwith等。標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)中的分號(hào)也可表示對比。

5.利用構(gòu)詞法來猜測詞義

分析復(fù)合詞:如果一個(gè)生詞是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的單詞構(gòu)成的復(fù)合詞.則可以從該詞各個(gè)部分的特定意

思及聯(lián)系上猜出該詞的意思。學(xué)生同時(shí)要了解構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)，掌握大綱所要求的對前后綴的理解。

6利用因果關(guān)系來猜測詞義

因果關(guān)系是一種常見的提供生詞詞義信息的邏輯關(guān)系。一定的原因會(huì)導(dǎo)致一定的結(jié)果,某一結(jié)果總是

由某種或某些原因引起的。作者在敘述原因的過程中就必然會(huì)把詞或句子置于因果關(guān)系中。常見的表

示因果關(guān)系的詞匯有:since,as,because,for,so.thus,consequently,therefore,hence,dueto,resultin,result

from,asaresult,forthisreason,accordingly,sothat,so...that,such...that等。

真題解析

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andrightnowifsChris

Palaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdarkeyes,heseemslikethekindofkid

whowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe'snervous.'Tmheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should../'Christripsonthe"-Id,"a

pronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,ThomasWhaley,isnextto

him,whisperingsupport/1...Votefor...me..."Exceptforsomestumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.When

hebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaley（回想起）

howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcusehimselftogotothe

bathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreatteacher

wholetsyoumakemistakes."Ittakesalotforanystudent,"Whaleyexplains,"especiallyforastudentwhois

learningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfidentenoughtosay,*Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.^^^

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthechildrenone

daytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.Theanswerbrokehisheart.Whaley

saystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoreadandspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearnto

boas（夸耀）aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,^Whaleysays,“isverydifficultforachildwhocame

intotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles“inparagraph2referto?

A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.

語篇導(dǎo)讀本文由學(xué)生Chris發(fā)表競選演說的經(jīng)歷引出老師ThomasWhaley利用競選演說鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)

贊美自己，幫助其提升自信，走向成功。

參考答案：

A考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，老師借助競選演說鼓勵(lì)同學(xué)們學(xué)會(huì)贊美自己。文中ChrisPalaez

的母語不是英語，他學(xué)英語才三年多，說話不流利，而且他在演講時(shí)非常緊張，所以說話磕磕絆絆,因此選

Ao

1.詞義猜測題考查考生根據(jù)上下文的語境推斷生詞詞義的能力,同時(shí)也考查考生對語境的正確分析和把握

能力。該題型出現(xiàn)的題量不是很大，但是一般都有一定的難度,是具有區(qū)分度的題目之一。

2.所猜測內(nèi)容一般是超綱的比較生僻的單詞或詞組,有時(shí)也會(huì)是一個(gè)句子。

3.除了指代關(guān)系的設(shè)題，正確選項(xiàng)一般是該詞或詞組的近義詞或釋義。該近義詞或釋義能夠從該詞所在的句

子上下文中得到足夠明確的信息。而錯(cuò)誤選項(xiàng)一般也可以通過上下文的語義予以排除。

4.有時(shí)候，詞義猜測題考查的是一個(gè)單詞、詞組或句子的指代意義。這就要求考生要能夠準(zhǔn)確理解上下文，

并且能夠理清相關(guān)句子的結(jié)構(gòu)。

A組

Passage1

Moneywithnostringsattached.It'snotsomethingyouseeeveryday.ButatUnionStation

inLosAngeleslastmonth,aboardwentupwithdollarbillsattachedtoitwithpinsand

asignthatread,“GiveWhatYouCan,TakeWhatYouNeed.”

Peoplequicklycaughton.Andwhilemanytookdollars,manyotherspinnedtheirowncash

totheboard.aPeopleofallages,races,andsocio-economic（社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的）backgroundsgave

andtook,“saidTylerBridgesofTheToolbox,whichcreatedtheproject."Weevenhada

brideinherweddingdresscomeuptotheboardandtakeafewdollars."Mostofthebills

ontheboardweresingles,butafewpeopleleftfives,tensandeventwenties.Thevideo

clip（片段）showsonemanwhohadfounda$20billpinningittotheboard.

“WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles,“Bridges

said."There'sacertainfeelingthatgivingcandoforyouandthatwasapparentinthose

thatgavethemost."Mostpeoplewhotookdollarstookonlyafew,butBridgessaidavery

smallnumbertookasmuchastheycould.

Whiletheclipmightlooklikepartofanewadcampaign,Bridgessaidtheonlygoalwas

toshowgenerosityandsympathy.Headdedthathehopespeopleinothercitiesmighttry

similarprojectsandposttheirownvideosontheInternet.

“Afterall,everyonehasbaddaysandgooddays,“hesaid."Somedaysyouneedahelping

handandsomedaysyoucanbetheonegivingthehelpinghand.”

1.Whatdoestheexpressionamoneywithnostringsattached“inparagraph1mean?

A.Moneyspentwithouthesitation.

B.Moneynotlegallymade.

C.Moneyofferedwithoutconditions.

D.Moneynottiedtogether.

2.WhatdidBridgeswanttoshowbymentioningthebride?

A.Womentendedtobemoresociable.

B.Theactivityattractedvariouspeople.

C.Economicproblemsweregettingworse.

D.Youngcouplesneededfinancialassistance.

3.WhydidBridgescarryouttheproject?

A.Todoatestonpeople'smorals.

B.Toraisemoneyforhiscompany.

C.Toearnhimselfagoodreputation.

D.Topromotekindnessandsympathy.

結(jié)室

i=i

l.C

2.B

3.D

Passage2

ForCanaanElementary'ssecondgradeinPatchogue,N.Y.,todayisspeechday,andright

nowit'sChrisPalaez'sturn.The8-year-oldisthejokeroftheclass.Withshiningdark

eyes,heseemslikethekindofkidwhowouldenjoypublicspeaking.

Buthe'snervous.mheretotellyoutodaywhyyoushould...should...”Christripson

the“Td,"apronunciationdifficultyformanynon-nativeEnglishspeakers.Histeacher,

ThomasWhaley,isnexttohim,whisperingsupport.”…Votefor...me...”Exceptforsome

stumbles,Chrisisdoingamazinglywell.Whenhebringshisspeechtoaniceconclusion,

Whaleyinvitestherestoftheclasstopraisehim.

Asonofimmigrants,ChrisstartedlearningEnglishalittleoverthreeyearsago.Whaley

recalls（回想起）howatthebeginningoftheyear,whencalledupontoread,Chriswouldexcuse

himselftogotothebathroom.

LearningEnglishasasecondlanguagecanbeapainfulexperience.Whatyouneedisagreat

teacherwholetsyoumakemistakes."Ittakesalotforanystudent,“Whaleyexplains,

“especiallyforastudentwhoislearningEnglishastheirnewlanguage,tofeelconfident

enoughtosay,'Idon'tknow,butIwanttoknow.'"

Whaleygottheideaofthissecond-gradepresidentialcampaignprojectwhenheaskedthe

childrenonedaytoraisetheirhandsiftheythoughttheycouldneverbeapresident.The

answerbrokehisheart.Whaleysaystheprojectisaboutmorethanjustlearningtoread

andspeakinpublic.Hewantsthesekidstolearntoboast（夸耀）aboutthemselves.

“Boastingaboutyourself,andyourbestqualities,“Whaleysays,“isverydifficultfor

achildwhocameintotheclassroomnotfeelingconfident.”

1.WhatmadeChrisnervous?

A.Tellingastory.B.Makingaspeech.

C.Takingatest.D.Answeringaquestion.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“stumbles“inparagraph2referto?

A.Improperpauses.B.Badmanners.

C.Spellingmistakes.D.Sillyjokes.

3.WecaninferthatthepurposeofWhaley'sprojectisto.

A.helpstudentsseetheirownstrengths

B.assessstudents,publicspeakingskills

C.preparestudentsfortheirfuturejobs

D.inspirestudents?loveforpolitics

4.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesWhaleyasateacher?

A.Humorous.B.Ambitious.

C.Caring.D.Demanding.

如口空

l.B

2.A

3.A

4.C

Passage3

“Youcanusemeasalastresort（選擇），andifnobodyelsevolunteers,thenIwilldoit.”

ThiswasanactualreplyfromaparentafterIputoutarequestforvolunteersformykids'

lacrosse（長曲棍球）club.

Iguessthatthere?sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaround

steppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItry

againandtugattheheartstrings.Imentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningthe

showandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren,tevenon...Atthispoint

theunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'11doit.”

I'msecretlyrelievedbecauseIknowthere'srealpowerinsharingvolunteer

responsibilitiesamongmany.Theunwillingparentorganizesthemealschedule,sendsout

emails,andcollectsmoneyforend-of-seasongifts.Somewherealongtheway,thesameparent

endsupbecominganinvaluablememberoftheteam.Thecoachisabletofocusonthekids

whiletheotherparentsarerelievedtobeoffthehookforanotherseason.Handingoutsliced

orangestobloodthirstykidscanbeasexcitingaswatchingyourownkidscoreagoal.

Still,mostofusvolunteersbreatheasighofreliefwhentheseasoncomestoaclose.That

reliefiscoupledwithadeepunderstandingofwhythesamepeoplekeepcomingbackfor

more:Connectingtothecommunity(ttE)asyoufreelygiveyourtime,money,skills,or

servicesprovidesarealjoy.Volunteeringjustfeelssogood.

Inthatsense,I'mprettysurevolunteeringismoreofaselfishactthanI'dfreelylike

toadmit.However,ifothersbenefitintheprocess,andIgetsomerewardtoo,doesitreally

matterwheremymotivationlies?

1.Whatcanweinferabouttheparentfromherreplyinparagraph1?

A.Sheknowslittleabouttheclub.

B.Sheisn,tgoodatsports.

C.Shejustdoesn'twanttovolunteer.

D.She'sunabletomeetherschedule.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings^inparagraph2mean?

A.Encourageteamwork.

B.Appealtofeelings.

C.Promotegooddeeds.

D.Provideadvice.

3.Whatcanwelearnabouttheparentfromparagraph3?

A.Shegetsinterestedinlacrosse.

B.Sheisproudofherkids.

C.She,11workforanotherseason.

D.Shebecomesagoodhelper.

4.Whydoestheauthorlikedoingvolunteerwork?

A.Itgivesherasenseofduty.

B.Itmakesherveryhappy.

C.Itenableshertoworkhard.

D.Itbringshermaterialrewards.

竺室

I=I

l.C

2.B

3.D

4.B

Passage4

WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman?Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeen

alosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstop

functioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,he

determinestowriteabook.

Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.That

formerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉訶德》）.Andthestory

posesan

interestingquestion:whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendof

theirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore?

We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'm

nottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalking

aboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixed

attitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfield

ofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursense

ofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwith

thethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetry

toplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutis

eventuallyrelaxing.

Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportant

itistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadea

commitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我），whethertolovedones,to

fellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

Manyofusequate（視...等同于）“commitment“withsuch“caring“occupationsasteaching

andnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.

Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellence一whethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunninga

store一maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearned

life,smostvaluablelesson.

1.ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat

A.lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B.ageisnotabarriertoachievingone,sgoal

C.miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D.disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

2.WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean?

A.Endone,sstruggleforliberty.

B.Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C.Misstheopportunitytosucceed.

D.Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

3.WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A.Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B.Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C.Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D.Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

4.WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A.Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B.Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C.Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D.Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

5.Whatistheauthor?spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A.Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B.Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C.Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D.Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

林口室

l.B

2.D

3.C

4.D

5.A

B組

Passage1

Languageshavebeencomingandgoingforthousandsofyears,butinrecenttimestherehas

beenlesscomingandalotmoregoing.Whentheworldwasstillpopulatedbyhunter-gatherers,

small,tightlyknit（聯(lián)系）groupsdevelopedtheirownpatternsofspeechindependentofeach

other.Somelanguageexpertsbelievethat10,000yearsago,whentheworldhadjustfive

totenmillionpeople,theyspokeperhaps12,000languagesbetweenthem.

Soonafterwards,manyofthosepeoplestartedsettlingdowntobecomefarmers,andtheir

languagestoobecamemoresettledandfewerinnumber.Inrecentcenturies,trade,

industrialisation,thedevelopmentofthenation-stateandthespreadofuniversal

compulsoryeducation,especiallyglobalisationandbettercommunicationsinthepastfew

decades,allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,

SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.

Atpresent,theworldhasabout6,800languages.Thedistributionoftheselanguagesishugely

uneven.Thegeneralruleisthatmildzoneshaverelativelyfewlanguages,oftenspokenby

manypeople,whilehot,wetzoneshavelots,oftenspokenbysmallnumbers.Europehasonly

around200languages;theAmericasabout1,000;Africa2,400;andAsiaandthePacificperhaps

3,200,ofwhichPapuaNewGuineaaloneaccountsforwellover800.Themediannumber（中

位數(shù)）ofspeakersisamere6,000,whichmeansthathalftheworld'slanguagesarespoken

byfewerpeoplethanthat.

Alreadywellover400ofthetotalof6,800languagesareclosetoextinction(消亡)，with

onlyafewelderlyspeakersleft.Pick,atrandom,BusuuinCameroon(eightremaining

speakers),ChiapanecoinMexico(150),LipanApacheintheUnitedStates(twoorthree)or

WadjiguinAustralia(one,withaquestion-mark):noneoftheseseemstohavemuchchanceof

survival.

1.Whatcanweinferaboutlanguagesinhunter-gatherertimes?

A.Theydevelopedveryfast.

B.Theywerelargeinnumber.

C.Theyhadsimilarpatterns.

D.Theywerecloselyconnected.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“dominant“underlinedinparagraph2?

A.Complex.B.Advanced.

C.Powerful.D.Modern.

3.Howmanylanguagesarespokenbylessthan6,000peopleatpresent?

A.About6,800.B.About3,400.

C.About2,400.D.About1,200.

4.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Newlanguageswillbecreated.

B.People'slifestylesarereflectedinlanguages.

C.Humandevelopmentresultsinfewerlanguages.

D.Geographydetermineslanguageevolution.

分I=I室

l.B

2.C

3.B

4.C

Passage2

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit'sthemonthwhennaturesberriesandstonefruitsare

inabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia'sfieldsarelittle

powerhousesofnutritionalprotection.

Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheir

seeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein（蛋白質(zhì)），ironandzinc（notthatfruitshave

muchprotein）.Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants（抗氧化物質(zhì)）.Theyellow

andorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitamin

Aandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries（櫻桃），theyaresodelicious.Whocares?However,

theyarerichinvitaminC.

Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbase

forthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripe

bananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplastic

bagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananas

willpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheir

ripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.

Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.

Outcomesa“soft-serve“creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivity

forachildren'sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthe

machineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.

1.Whatdoestheauthorseemtolikeaboutcherries?

A.Theycontainprotein.

B.TheyarehighinvitaminA.

C.Theyhaveapleasanttaste.

D.Theyarerichinantioxidants.

2.Whyisfreshlemonjuiceusedinfreezingbananas?

A.Tomakethemsmellbetter.

B.Tokeeptheircolour.

C.Tospeeduptheirripening.

D.Toimprovetheirnutrition.

3.Whatis“ajuicer“inthelastparagraph?

A.Adessert.B.Adrink.C.Acontainer.D.Amachine.

4.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?

A.Abiologytextbook.

B.Ahealthmagazine.

C.Aresearchpaper.

D.Atravelbrochure.

生口空

l.C

2.B

3.D

4.B

Passage3

PreparingCitiesforRobotCars

Thepossibilityofself-drivingrobotcarshasoftenseemedlikeafuturist'sdream,years

awayfrommaterializingintherealworld.Well,thefutureisapparentlynow.TheCalifornia

DepartmentofMotorVehiclesbegangivingpermitsinAprilforcompaniestotesttruly

self-drivingcarsonpublicroads.Thestatealsoclearedthewayforcompaniestosellor

rentoutself-drivingcars,andforcompaniestooperatedriverlesstaxiservices.California,

itshouldbenoted,isn'tleadingthewayhere.Companieshavebeentestingtheirvehicles

incitiesacrossthecountry.It'shardtopredictwhendriverlesscarswillbeeverywhere

onourroads.Buthoweverlongittakes,thetechnologyhasthepotentialtochangeour

transportationsystemsandourcities,forbetterorforworse,dependingonhowthe

transformationisregulated.

Whilemuchofthedebatesofarhasbeenfocusedonthesafetyofdriverlesscars(and

rightfullyso),policymakersalsoshouldbetalkingabouthowself-drivingvehiclescanhelp

reducetrafficjams,cutemissions(排放)andoffermoreconvenient,affordablemobility

options.Thearrivalofdriverlessvehiclesisachancetomakesurethatthosevehicles

areenvironmentallyfriendlyandmoreshared.

Dowewanttocopy一orevenworsen一thetrafficoftodaywithdriverlesscars?Imagineafuture

wheremostadultsownindividualself-drivingvehicles.Theytoleratelong,slowjourneys

toandfromworkonpackedhighwaysbecausetheycanwork,entertainthemselvesorsleep

ontheride,whichencouragesurbanspread.Theytaketheirdriverlesscartoanappointment

andsettheemptyvehicletocirclethebuildingtoavoidpayingforparking.Insteadof

walkingafewblockstopickupachildorthedrycleaning,theysendtheself-drivingminibus.

Theconvenienceevenleadsfewerpeopletotakepublictransport一anunwelcomesideeffect

researchershavealreadyfoundinride-hailing（叫車）services.

AstudyfromtheUniversityofCaliforniaatDavissuggestedthatreplacingpetrol-powered

privatecarsworldwidewithelectric,self-drivingandsharedsystemscouldreducecarbon

emissionsfromtransportation80%andcutthecostoftransportationinfrastructure（基礎(chǔ)

設(shè)施）andoperations40%by2050.Feweremissionsandcheapertravelsoundprettyappealing.

Thefirstcommerciallyavailabledriverlesscarswillalmostcertainlybefieldedby

ride-hailingservices,consideringthecostofself-drivingtechnologyaswellasliability

andmaintenanceissues（責(zé)任與維護(hù)問題）.Butdriverlesscarownershipcouldincreaseasthe

pricesdropandmorepeoplebecomecomfortablewiththetechnology.

Policymakersshouldstartthinkingnowabouthowtomakesuretheappearanceofdriverless

vehiclesdoesn,textendtheworstaspectsofthecar-controlledtransportationsystemwe

havetoday.Thecomingtechnologicaladvancementpresentsachanceforcitiesandstates

todeveloptransportationsystemsdesignedtomovemorepeople,andmoreaffordably.The

carofthefutureiscoming.Wejusthavetoplanforit.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,attentionshouldbepaidtohowdriverlesscarscan.

A.helpdealwithtransportation-relatedproblems

B.providebetterservicestocustomers

C.causedamagetoourenvironment

D.makesomepeoplelosejobs

2.Asfordriverlesscars,whatistheauthor,smajorconcern?

A.Safety.B.Sideeffects.C.Affordability.D.Management.

3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“fielded“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Employed.B.Replaced.

C.Shared.D.Reduced.

4.Whatistheauthorsattitudetothefutureofself-drivingcars?

A.Doubtful.B.Positive.

C.Disapproving.D.Sympathetic.

林口室

1.A

2.D

3.A

4.B

Passage4

Abuild-it-yourselfsolarstill（蒸儲(chǔ)器）isoneofthebestwaystoobtaindrinkingwaterin

areaswheretheliquidisnotreadilyavailable.DevelopedbytwodoctorsintheU.S.

DepartmentofAgriculture,it'sanexcellentwatercollector.Unfortunately,youmustcarry

thenecessaryequipmentwithyou,sinceit'sallbutimpossibletofindnaturalsubstitutes.

Theonlycomponentsrequired,though,area5'X5'sheetofclearorslightlymilkyplastic,

sixfeetofplastictube,andacontainer—perhapsjustadrinkingcup—tocatchthewater.

Thesepiecescanbefoldedintoaneatlittlepackandfastenedonyourbelt.

Toconstructaworkingstill,useasharpstickorrocktodigaholefourfeetacrossand

threefeetdeep.Trytomaketheholeinadampareatoincreasethewatercatcher's

productivity.Placeyourcupinthedeepestpartofthehole.Thenlaythetubeinplace

sothatoneendrestsallthewayinthecupandtherestofthelinerunsup一andout一the

sideofthehole.

Next,covertheholewiththeplasticsheet,securingtheedgesoftheplasticwithdirt

andweightingthesheet'scenterdownwitharock.Theplasticshouldnowformacone（圓

錐體）with45-degree-angledsides.Thelowpointofthesheetmustbecentereddirectlyover,

andnomorethanthreeinchesabove,thecup.

Thesolarstillworksbycreatingagreenhouseundertheplastic.Groundwaterevaporates（蒸

發(fā)）andcollectsonthesheetuntilsmalldropsofwaterform,rundownthematerial,and

falloffintothecup.Whenthecontainerisfull,youcansucktherefreshmentoutthrough

thetube,andwon'thavetobreakdownthestilleverytimeyouneedadrink.

1.Whatdoweknowaboutthesolarstillequipmentfromthefirstparagraph?

A.It'sdelicate.B.It'sexpensive.

C.It'scomplex.D.It'sportable.

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thewatercatcher“inparagraph2referto?

A.Thetube.B.Thestill.C.Thehole.D.Thecup.

3.Whatisthelaststepofconstructingaworkingsolarstill?

A.Digaholeofacertainsize.

B.Putthecupinplace.

C.Weightthesheet'scenterdown.

D.Covertheholewiththep