選擇性必修第二冊UNIT2閱讀題組——練速度(35mins)Ⅰ.閱讀ASharksareamazingcreatures.Theyareknownasthedeadliesthuntersinthesea.Fortunatelymostarenot,buttherearesomekindsofsharksthatcanbeextremelydangerous.Lookattheseshortdescriptionsoffourkindsofsharks.TheGreatWhiteSharkTheGreatWhiteSharkisoneofthemostfrighteningcreaturesinthesea.Theyliveintropicalandsubtropicalwaters,andtheycangrowupto9meterslong.MostGreatWhiteSharksareactuallygrey,blueorbrownwithawhitebelly,andtheirpowerfulteetharetriangleswithedgeslikesaws.TheWhaleSharkWhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworldupto11metersinlength.Theyliveintropicalwatersallaroundtheworld,buttheyarenotdangerous.WhaleSharksarebrownorgreywithwhiteoryellowstripes.Theyoftentravelnearthesurfaceofthesea.TheMakoSharkMakoSharksarefiercepredators.TheycomefromthesamefamilyofsharksastheGreatWhiteSharkandtheyareespeciallyfast—theycanswimatspeedsofupto65kilometersperhour.TheyarelargebluishsharksfoundintheAtlanticOcean,PacificOceanandIndianOcean.MakoSharkscangrowupto3meterslong.TheGreatHammerheadSharkTheGreatHammerheadShark’smoststrikingfeatureisitswidethickheadwhichlookslikeahammer.TheaveragesizeofaGreatHammerheadSharkisapproximately3.5meters,butitcangrowupto6meterslong.Thesesharksaverageover500poundsbutcanweighasmuchas1,000pounds.Likemostsharksthefemalesarelargerthanthemales.Theyhaveseveralrowsofteeththathave24to37teethperrow.TheGreatHammerheadSharkhasaverykeensenseofsmell,whichhelpsitfinditsprey.1.Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A.Sharksusuallyliveinicywaters.B.MakoSharksarefastbutnotdangerous.C.TheGreatWhiteSharkhas24to37sharpteeth.D.WhaleSharksarebiggerthanothersharksinthesea.2.WhyisasharkcalledtheGreatHammerheadShark?A.Becauseofthesizeofitsbody.B.Becauseofthewatersitlivesin.C.Becauseoftheshapeofitshead.D.Becauseofthefunctionofitsteeth.3.Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview.C.Anadvertisement. D.Abiologymagazine.B(2022·全國甲卷)Goffin’scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對稱的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin’scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin’scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.4.Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A.Byfollowinginstructions. B.Byusingatool.C.Byturningtheboxaround. D.Byremovingthelid.5.Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A.Usingakeytounlockadoor. B.Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C.Puttingaballintoaroundhole. D.Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.6.Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A.Howfartheyareabletosee.B.Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C.Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D.Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.7.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.Cockatoos:QuickErrorCheckersB.Cockatoos:IndependentLearnersC.Cockatoos:CleverSignal-ReadersD.Cockatoos:SkilfulShape-SortersCCanafishbedepressed?ThisquestionhasbeenonmyheadeversinceIspentanightinahotelacrossfromasad-lookingfish.Thepleasantwomanatthefrontdeskassuredmethathewaswelltakencareof.WasIincorrectlyassuminghislazinessasasignofbeingupset?WhenIsoughtanswersfromscientists,Iassumedthattheywouldfindthequestionridiculous,buttheydidnot.Newresearchhasbeentotallyshiftingthewaythatscientiststhinkaboutfishcognition(認知),buildingacasethatpetsandownersarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume.Theneurochemistry(神經(jīng)化學)issosimilarthatit’sscary,saidJulianPittman,aprofessor.Wetendtothinkofthemassimplelivingthings,butthereisalotwedon’tgivefishcreditfor.Dr.Pittmanlikesworkingwithfish,inpartbecausetheyaresoobviousabouttheirdepression.Azebrafishgetsdroppedinanewtank.Ifafterfiveminutesitishangingoutinthelowerhalf,it’sdepressed.Ifit’sswimmingupthetop,thenit’snot.Isdepressiontherightword?There’sanobviousissuethatwecannotaskanimalshowtheyfeel,saysDr.DiegoA.Pizzagalli.Neitherfishnorratscancatchtheentirerangeofdepressionasweknowit.Thereisaheateddebateaboutwhether“anxious”or“depressed”isamoreappropriateterm.ButwhathasconvincedDr.Pittmanandothersoverthepasttenyears,iswatchingthewaythezebrafishloseinterestinjustabouteverything:food,toys,exploration,justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn.Thesameistrueoffish.Oneofthethingswe’refindingisthatfisharenaturallycuriousandseeknovelthingsout,saidDr.Braithwaite.Inotherwords,yourgoldfishisprobablybored.Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesintroducingnewobjectstothetankorswitchingthelocationsofitems.8.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Fishareconsideredsimplelivingthings.B.Petsandownersarealwaysassumedtobethesame.C.Scientistshavelearntalotaboutfishcognition.D.Fishandhumanbeingshavesomethingincommon.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“withdrawn”inparagraph6probablymean?A.Quietandshy.B.Happyandexcited.C.Interestedandcareful.D.Disappointedandsurprised.10.Whycanfishbecomeboredaccordingtothetext?A.Theyneedoxygenfromtheair.B.Theyarenotborntobecurious.C.Theylacknewthingstoexplore.D.Theycan’tlocatethepositionsofitems.11.Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.FishDepressionIsNotaJokeB.FishCanBeaBoringPetC.FishNeedBetterCareMoreD.FishCognitionDoesNotExistD(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingoutaroastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwithadinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,“foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,”asElizabethRoytewritesinthismonth’scoverstory.It’sjaw-droppinghowmuchperfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway—from“ugly”(butquiteeatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsofuneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,andotherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwasteanenvironmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwastewereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerofgreenhousegasesintheworld.”Ifthat’shardtounderstand,let’skeepitassimpleasthearugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmyarugulastoryallthetime—butforhim,it’smorelike12boxesofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOofDCCentralKitcheninWashington,D.C.,whichrecoversfoodandturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollectingblemished(有瑕疵的)producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemforuseinmealsdowntheroad.Suchmethodsseemobvious,yetsooftenwejustdon’tthink.“Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynotpurchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshoppingorbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon’teat,”Curtinsays.12.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugulastory?A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefoodunintentionallyattimes.C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegoodreasonsforwastingfood.13.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.14.WhatdoesCurtin’scompanydo?A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulaintocleanfuel.C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutofunwantedfood.15.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.Ⅱ.七選五Areyoufailingschool?Doyouhavetroublefindingandholdingontoajob?Areyouunhappyatwork?Haveyoubeenaccumulatingmanypersonaldebts?Areyouconcernedaboutyourweight?1Herearesomesuggestions.

?Stopbeingself-absorbedandsearchforapurposethatwilladdmeaningandexcitementtoyourlife.?Movetoanewneighbourhood,anewtown.Gotoanewschool;findanewgym.2

?Makenewfriends.Theywillappreciatewhoyouare,andhelpyoufindyourpassion,whichyoumightnotevenknowyoupossess.?3Tochangeyourself,you’vegottochangehabits.Accordingtoresearchers,habitsaccountforabout40percentofourbehaviorsonanygivenday.Whenyoulearntochangeyourhabits,youcanchangeyourlife.

?Changethe“ChoiceArchitecture”ofyourlife.Makethedesiredchoicemostaccessibletoyou.4Ifyouaregoodatsports,youmaywanttolivenearasportscentre,andsoon.

Ifyouaren’thappywithyourlife,changeyourlifestyle,yourpersonalattitudes,andthecircumstancesyoulivein.5

A.Developgoodhabits.B.Showthemyourpersonality.C.Ifso,youhadbettermakesomechanges.D.Inanewplace,youcanappreciatewaysofthinking.E.Inaword,youmustfindyourelementbytakingaction.F.Don’tconstantlyblameothersforfailingtogetaheadinlife.G.Ifyouareagooddancer,youwanttolivenearatheatredistrict.

選擇性必修第二冊UNIT2閱讀題組——練速度Ⅰ.【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。鯊魚是令人驚奇的生物。它們被稱為海洋中最致命的獵手。幸運的是,大多數(shù)鯊魚都不是,但有一些鯊魚是非常危險的。本文介紹了大白鯊、鯨鯊、灰鯖鯊和無溝雙髻鯊這四種鯊魚的有關信息。1.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheWhaleShark部分的“WhaleSharksarethelargestkindofsharkintheworld”可知,鯨鯊是世界上最大的鯊魚,即鯨鯊比海里的其他鯊魚要大。2.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGreatHammerheadShark部分的第一句可知,無溝雙髻鯊最顯著的特征是它的寬而粗的頭部,看起來像一把錘子。故可知,它因其頭部的形狀而得名。3.D解析推理判斷題。本文向我們介紹了四種鯊魚的有關信息,結合選項可推知該篇文章應該摘自生物雜志?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。一項研究表明鳳頭鸚鵡具備相當于人類兩歲幼兒的形狀識別能力。4.B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”以及接下來提到的實驗可知,它們需要找出合適的工具嵌入箱子才能得到堅果。故選B項。5.C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage...”可知,一歲的幼兒最有可能完成的任務是將一個球放到一個圓形的洞中。故選C項。6.D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的“oralsouseasenseoftouch”可知,研究人員下一步要研究它們是否也使用觸覺來識別物體形狀。故選D項。7.D解析標題歸納題。文章第一段提到鳳頭鸚鵡可以使用工具;第二段把鳳頭鸚鵡與人類兩歲左右的幼兒進行比較,得出它們的確具備形狀識別能力的結論;第三段主要介紹研究人員計劃進一步研究它們的形狀識別方式。綜上所述,文章主要介紹了鳳頭鸚鵡識別形狀的能力。故選D項?！菊Z篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。最新科學研究發(fā)現(xiàn)魚也會有抑郁情緒出現(xiàn),顛覆了人們以往的認知。8.D解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第三段中的“buildingacasethatpetsandownersarenotnearlyasdifferentasmanyassume”及“Theneurochemistryissosimilarthatit’sscary”可推知,該段主要講魚和人類有一些共同之處。9.A解析詞義猜測題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的“justlikeclinicallydepressedpeoplewhoarewithdrawn”可知,該畫線詞描述患抑郁癥的人的特點,結合常識可推知,A項(安靜且羞怯)符合語境。10.C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干中的“fishbecomebored”定位至文章最后一段中的“Oneofthethings...seeknovelthingsout”及“Tohelpgetridofdepression,sheurgesint