高中PAGE1高中2023-2024學(xué)年上海師大附中高三上期中英語試卷II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Howtofuture-proofyourcareeragainstthethreatofAIEversincetheindustrialrevolution,peoplehavefearedthattechnologywouldtakeawaytheirjobs.Whilesomejobsandtaskshaveindeedbeenreplacedbymachines,(21)_________haveemerged.Thefearthatjobsmightdisappearorbereplacedthroughautomationisunderstandable.RecentresearchfoundthataquarteroftasksthathumanscurrentlydointheUSandEuropecouldbeautomatedinthecomingyears.Thefutureofworkisapopulartopicofdiscussion,withcountlessbooks(22)_________(publish)eachyearonthetopic.Thesebooksspeaktothehumanneedtounderstandhowtofuturemightbeshaped.Astrongthemeofconcernisfoundinthesebooksabouttechnologyenablingcertaintaskstobeautomated,(23)_________(make)manypeopleoutofjobs.Specifically,(24)_________worriespeopleisthatknowledge-basedjobs--likethoseinaccountingorlaw--thathavelongbeenregardedasbeingexclusive（專屬的、專有的）towell-educatedprofessionalsarenowunderthreatofreplacementbymachines.Butthereisanother,(25)_________(ambitious)waytothinkaboutthis.SomebooksstressthepotentialofhumanscollaboratingwithAI,toenhanceeachother'sskills.(26)_________beingreplaced,lawyerswouldthenbeempoweredbytechnology.Inreality,automationandempowermentco-exist,bothofwhich(27)_________(concern)withyourfuturecareer.Inlightofthis,thekeytofuture-proofingyourjobiscontinuedlearning,(28)_________isavaluableskilltodevelopinanycareer.Also,criticalthinkingandanalyticalskillsaregoingtobeparticularlycentralforhowhumansandmachines(29)_________empoweroneanother.Aboveall,chooseajobthatyouenjoyandkeeplearning(30)_________ifyoudoneedtochangecourseinthefuture,youknowhowto.SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.advanceB.appealC.associationD.differsE.diligentlyF.entirelyG.frustrationH.produceI.uncooperativeJ.vagueK.worthyThegardenpathImagineaplateholdingtwostrawberries,identicalinappearance.Onecameoutofasupermarketbox.Bythetimeitreachedtheplateitmayhavebeenoffthevinefortwoweeks.Theotherstrawberrywaspickedfromagardenminutesbeforebeingeaten.Thefirstonewillprobablytastelikeaslightlysourcucumber,witha(n)__31__hintofberrytaste.Thesecondislikelytobesweetandfloral（花的、花卉的）.Supermarketstrawberriesarenot__32__withoutadvantages:theyareconvenientandavailableinthenorthernhemisphere（地球的半球）inFebruary.Butthetwoberriesaredistinctfromeachotherinthesamewaythathearingmusicinaconcerthall__33__fromlisteningtoitonaworn-outcassette.Thehome-grownfruitisanedible（可食用的、能吃的）caseforcultivatingahomegarden.Thosewholongdismissedgardeningasawasteoftime__34__thisargumentwithgreatpassion.Theythinkagardencanyieldpeasthattastelikethevibrant,greenessenceofspring;tomatoesandcarrotsofincomparablesweetness;andlettucesandherbsthattastelikethemselvesratherthantheplastictheyareusuallypackagedin.Growingyourownvegetablesensuresareliablesupply,offeringvirtuousseasonal__35__.Thatattitudemisrepresentstheultimate__36__ofgardening;itmistakestheproductforthepurpose.Ontheotherhand,agarden,especiallyintheearlyyears,canalsoyieldlittlebut__37__.Newgardenersmayplantthewrongcropsfortheirsoil.Andevenexpertgardenerscanloseaseason'sharvestto__38__weather.Nomatter.Therealjoyofgardeningisthetimespentdoingit.Thedeepestpleasure--aswithcooking,writing,bringingupchildrenoralmostanythingworthwhile--isintheworkitself.Agardener'smemoriescentrenotonthefoodproduced,butonlongsummerafternoonswithhandsinthedirt,surroundedbyfamily,ifthegardenisathome,ordeepening__39__withfriendsandneighboursinacommunitygarden.Togardenisto__40__helplifethrive（興隆、興旺、繁榮）withloveandpatience,inthegroundandaboveit.III.ReadingComprehensionsSectionADirections:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassage,therearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Traveler'sdilemmaAnairlinelosestwosuitcasesbelongingtotwodifferenttravelers,LucyandPete.Bothsuitcaseshappentobethesameandalsocontain__41__antiques.Anairlinemanagertaskedtosettletheirclaimsfiguresthatsimplyaskingthetravelersforthepriceishopeless,fortheymay__42__it.Instead,heasksthemtowritedownthepriceoftheantiqueasanydollarbetween2and100__43__sothattheycan'tnegotiatewitheachother.Ifbothwritethesamenumber,hewillpayeachofthemthatamount.Butiftheywritedifferentnumbers,hewillassumethattheloweroneistheactualpriceandthatthepersonwritingthehighernumberis__44__.Inthatcase,hewillpaybothofthemthelowernumberalongwitha(n)__45__andapunishment--thepersonwhowrotethelowernumberwillget$2moreasarewardforhonestyandtheonewhowrotethehighernumberwillget$2lessinstead.__46__,ifLucywrites46andPetewrites100,Lucywillget$48andPetewillget$44.WhatnumberswillLucyandPetewrite?In1994,economistKaushikBasucraftedthe"Traveler'sDilemma"(TD)tochallengethenarrowviewof__47__.TDservesthepurposebecausethegame'slogicdictatesthat2isthelogicaloption.Admittedly,Lucy'sfirstideaisthatsheshouldwritethelargestpossiblenumber,whichwillearnher$100ifPeteissimilarly__48__.Soon,however,itstrikesherthatifshewrote99instead,shewouldmakealittlemoremoney,becauseinthatcaseshewouldget$101.Butsurelythis__49__willalsooccurtoPete,whowillchoose99aswell.Continuingwiththislineofreasoningwouldsendthetravelersdowntothesmallestpermissiblenumber,namely,2-thisiswherethe__50__leadsus.Inexperimentalstudies,contrarytothepredictions,mostpeoplepick$100oranumberclosetoit,eitherwithoutthinkingtheproblemthroughorwhilefullyawaretheyare__51__thereasonablechoice.So,whilemostpeopleinstinctivelyfeelthattheywouldselectamuchhighernumberthan$2,thisinstinctseemsto__52__thepredictedlogicaloutcome,$2.Byrejectingthelogicalchoiceandactingillogicallybywritingahighernumber,peopleendupgettingasubstantiallybigger__53__.Basedonthesestudies,researchershaveproposedthatpeopleappeartohaveanatural,positiveattitudeinfavorof__54__.Thisattitudeleadstoacooperativemodelthatfavorstheseeminglyunreasonablebut__55__strategies.41.A.preciousB.identicalC.controversialD.fake42.A.assessB.highlightC.neglectD.overstate43.A.intentionallyB.preciselyC.separatelyD.casually44.A.supervisingB.cheatingC.imitatingD.complaining45.A.bonusB.identityC.disciplineD.alarm46.A.BycontrastB.InadditionC.ForinstanceD.Onthewhole47.A.negotiationB.fairnessC.reasonD.instinct48.A.calmB.greedyC.foolishD.imaginary49.A.pessimismB.perseveranceC.challengeD.insight50.A.evidenceB.logicC.goalD.emotion51.A.contributingtoB.departingfromC.appealingforD.dreamingabout52.A.echoB.overlookC.contradictD.alter53.A.punishmentB.interestC.investmentD.payoff54.A.cooperationB.investigationC.perfectionD.imagination55.A.straightforwardB.instructiveC.acceptableD.beneficialSectionBDirections:Readthefollowingtwopassage.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)DoYourEmployeessufferfromFriday-Itis?HaveyouheardaboutFriday-itis,thesignificantdropinmotivationandconcentrationseenonFridaysamongmayworkerswholookforwardtotheirweekenddaysoffbutadayinadvance?Almosteveryemployeehasatsomepointexperiencedtheneedtotakeanunplanneddayoffforrest,forthesakeofhisphysicalormentalhealth.DefinedbytheLabourStandardsActandmostcollectiveagreementsandemploymentcontracts,asickdayisaone-timedayofleavetakenbyanemployeeduetotheinability,whetherpsychologicalandphysical,tobepresentathisworkplacetoadequatelycarryouthisprofessionalfunctions.Shortandoccasional,thisinvoluntaryabsenceiseasilyacceptedandabsorbedbythecompany.Butwhenitisrepeatedandalmostinvariablyfallsontheeveofaweekend,absenceforlastminutesicknesscanquicklygiveanemployeraheadache.Whenitbecomesavoidable,systematicandbasedonafalsemotive,this"FridaySickness"syndromefallsintothecategoryofunreasonableandabusiveabsenteeism.Thishassignificantimpactonacompany'sorganizationalefficiency,productivityandcompetitiveness.SomuchsothatmanymanagersavoidsettingupimportantmeetingsonFridays,knowingthehigherlikelihoodthattheirstaffwillallbeatworktherestoftheweek.Despitethehighcostofabsenteeism,astudypublishedin2012bytheConferenceBoardofCanadafoundthatonly46%ofCanadiancompaniesreportthattheymonitortheiremployees'absencesandthereasonsgiven.Toproperlyassessabsenteeismmeansbeginningtounderstanditandnotlettingitpass.Althoughabusiveinformanduse,Fridaysickleavecanalsobeexplainedbyotherfactorsthatneedtobetakenseriously.Anemployeecantakeabreakinthewrongwaythathemightreasonablyneed,inconnectionwithfactorsspecifictothecompany--havingaclearlyexcessive,workload,forexample.Focusingonsuspiciousmonitoringorthethreatoffinesisnotasolutionforemployers.Indirectlyforcingpresenteeismonanemployee,inotherwordstocomeinandstayatworkevenwhenhehasseriousreasonsnottodoso,canbeevenmoredamagingforeveryone.StatisticsCanadaestimatesthatlossofproductivityassociatedwithpresenteeismis7.5timeshigherthanthatcausedbyabsenteeism.56.WhatisFriday-itis?A.AdecreaseinmotivationonFridaysduetoemployeesanticipatingtheweekend.B.AmedicalconditionthatspecificallyaffectsemployeesonFridays.C.AtermusedtodescribeexcessiveabsenteeismonFridays.D.AsyndromewhereemployeesrefusetoworkonFridays.57.Accordingtothepassage,whatkindofabsencedoesthecompanyeasilyaccept?A.Absenceforlastminutesickness.B.Repeatedabsencebeforeweekends.C.Shortandoccasionalabsence.D.Avoidableandsystematicabsence.58.Whatimpactdoesrepeatedlast-minutesicknessabsencesonFridayshaveonemployers?A.Itleadstoincreasedproductivityandcompetitiveness.B.Itcausesemployeestoprioritizerestandtheiroverallwell-being.C.Ithasanegativeimpactonorganizationalefficiencyandproductivity.D.Itprovidesemployerswithaheadacheduetotheneedformoremeetings.59.Whatisthepotentialconsequenceofforcingpresenteeismonemployees?A.Itleadstoadecreaseinoverallproductivity.B.Itresultsinadecreaseinabsenteeismrates.C.Ithelpsinimprovingemployees'motivationandconcentration.D.Itcausesemployeestotakeunplanneddaysoffmorefrequently.(B)MembershipsSunCityOVResidentPublicSingleCoupleSingleCouple18HolePlayCurrentAnnual$3,590$6,685$4,060$7,175NewAnnual$3,770$7,020$4,265$7,535CurrentCombo18/9$5,345$6,230Hyrid(Fee+ReducedDailyRate)$1,000$1,250NewCombo18/9$5,615$6,540Corporate$3,1039HolePlayCurrentAnnual$2,155$4,020$2,440$4,530NewAnnual$2,265$4,220$2,565$4,755AdditionalOfferings18-HoleSmartCard(VirtualPunchCard)$480$7009-HoleSmartCard(VirtualPunchCard)$32018-HOLEANNUALMEMBERSHIPSGreenfeesincludedDrivingrangeprivileges9-dayadvanceteetimereservationsCorporateMembership:LimitedavailabilityAfter11:00AM,Mon-Fri;anytimeSat-Sunandholidays9-HOLEANNUALMEMBERSHIPSGreenfeesincludedDrivingrangeprivileges8-dayadvanceteetimereservationsAdditional9holes10/11-5/31$20-6/1/-9/19$10MEMBERBENEFITSNOTRAILFEEforprivatecartownersNOINITIATIONFEEProShopdiscount25%offapparel10%offallaccessories,equipment&golfballs,excludingsaleitems.Membersandresident'sguestsplayattheresidentguest'sdailyratewhenaccompaniedbymemberorresident.Residentguestrateisanadditional$10for18and$5for9holes10/11/20-5/31/21Paymentscheduleavailable(9&18-HoleAnnualmembershipsonly)50%beforeJuly1-balanceduebyOct.31NOTE:Membershipratesforresidentsdonotincludeagolfcart.Anadditionalcartfeewillbeappliedforresidentswhenusingaclubcart.HYBRIDMEMBERSHIPGolfFeeperseason(ReducedDailyRatedoesnotincludetherentalcartortax)Summer18holes-$15/9holes-$10Fall18holes-$25/9holes$15Winter18holes$30/9holes$20Spring18holes-$25/9holes$158-dayadvanceteetimereservationsProShopdiscounts25%offapparel10%offaccessories,equipment,shoes,hats,andgolfballs,excludingsaleitems.SMARTCARD-10PLAY10--Pre-paidGreenfees8-dayadvancetee-timereservationsMaybeusedforguest(s)NoexpirationorrefundsGolfcartnotincludedinResidentSmartCardPublicSmartCardincludescartNEWANNUALMEMBERSPurchasesyourannualpassJune1andplayfor13months(6/1/20-6/30/21)Prorationavailableafter7/15/2160.IfyouareoneofSunCityOVresidents'guestswhowanttoplayfor18-Holefor3days,whatistheoverallrate?A.$15B.$30C.$45D.$6061.WhichofthefollowingisNOTTRUEaccordingtothisadvertisement?A.Ifyouarearesident,yourmembershiprateswillincludeagolfcart.B.IfyouapplyforaSmartCard,youarenotentitledtoanopportunityofrefunds.C.Ifyouapplyforahybridmembershipandyouwanttosavemoney,youcanplayinsummer.D.Foranon-residenttoapplyforasingle18-HPCAmembership,youhavetopayatleast$2030beforeJuly1st.62.Wherewouldyoumostprobablyseethisad?A.Afoodmagazine.B.Asciencejournal.C.AtravelbrochureD.Afitnessleaflet.(C)DeafenedIthasalwaysbeenassumedthatnoiseisaproblemuniquetoanimals.ButanewstudybyAliAkbarhasrevealedthatplantssuffertoo.Thatplantscanbedamagedindirectlybynoisepollutionhasneverbeenindoubt.Sincemostfloweringspeciesdependuponpollinators（授粉者）andmostfruit-bearingspeciesneedanimalstospreadaroundtheirseeds,itisobviousthatiftheseanimalpartnersareharmedbynoisethentheirbotanicalcounterparts（同類者、極其相似的人或物）willdobadly,too.Whathasremainedunknowniswhetherornotplantsthemselvessufferdirectlyfromnoisepollution.Scientistshavepreviouslyassumedthatplantsmaybeabletosensesoundwavesastheyarestruckbythem.Anumberofexperimentshaveconfirmedthisinrecentyears--plantsheavilyexposedtoultrasound（超聲）inthelabhaveshownarangeofnegativeresponsesincludingtheexpressionofstress-relatedgenes,slowedgrowthandreduceddevelopmentofseeds.Yetattackingplantswithultrasoundisnotthesameasgrowingtheminthepresenceofactualtrafficnoise.Tothisend,AliAkbardecid'edtosetupanexperimenttostudypreciselythisquestion.Workingwithateamofcolleagues,hegrewmarigoldsandsageinhislabthatarecommonlyfoundinurbanenvironments.Theplantsweredividedintotwogroupsaftergettingmature.Onegroupwasexposedto73decibels（分貝）oftrafficnoise.Theothergroupwaslefttogrowinsilence.After15dayshadpassed,samplesweretakenfromtheyoungestfullyexpandedleavesoneveryplantintheexperimentandstudied.Noneoftheplantsexposedtothetrafficnoisedidwell.Analysisoftheirleavesrevealedthatallofthemweresuffering.Theteamfoundthatarangeofhormones（荷爾蒙）normallyassociatedwithhealthygrowthanddevelopmentinplantswerepresentatsignificantlyreducedlevelsintheplantsexposedtothenoise.Twostresshormones,whicharenormallyproducedtopreventinsectattacksanddealwithsaltysoilorverycoldtemperatures,wereelevated.AliAkbar'sfindingsmakeitclearthatthoughplantslackears,thenoiseoftrafficstillbothersthemenoughtotriggerdramaticstressresponsesthatarenotmuchdifferenttothosethatwouldbefoundinplantsexposedtodrought,highlyconcentratedsaltorheavymetalsintheirsoil.Thenextquestioniswhetherallnoisepollutionaffectsallspeciesinthesameway.Thenaturalworldisbynomeanssilent.Whethersomeplantspecieshaveevolvedcopingmechanisms,whichmightonedaybecollectedandtransferredintourban-livingspecies,isamysteryworthexploring.63.Whatdidscientistsbelieveinthepast?A.Noiseisaproblemfacingbothanimalsandplants.B.Plantscanbeaffectedbynoiseinanindirectway.C.Animalpartnerscandoharmtotheirbotanicalpartners.D.Soundwavescandamageplantstheystrike.64.WhatdidAliAkbarwanttoconfirmintheirexperiment?A.Ultrasoundissimilartotrafficnoiseinthatitdoesn'tharmplants.B.Plantsexposedtoultrasoundexhibitnegativesignsofgrowth.C.Trafficnoisecausesplantstogrowunhealthfullyandslowly.D.Plantleavescontainhormonesdealingwithaharshenvironment.65.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUE?

A.Plantsgrowingissilencehaveareducedlevelofhormones.B.Plantsexposedtonoiseresponddifferentlyfromthoseindrought.C.Differentnoisepollutionhasthesameeffectonallspecies.D.Anincreasesinstresshormonesinplantsmeanstheyareinhardship.66.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Someplantsmaynotnecessarilybeharmedbythesoundinnature.B.Someplantshavesurelydevelopedamethodtocopewithtrafficnoise.C.Unban-livingspeciescanbeengineeredtogrowwellinthenaturalworld.D.Thesilenceinnaturepromotesthedevelopmentofnoisecopingmechanisms.SectionCDirections:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.A.Sopeoplefeelliketheyaregettingmoredone.B.Ifyoudotheseorsimilarthings,thenyouareoneofmanymultitaskers.C.Peoplearelessabletofilterouttheirknowledgeoftheprevioustaskandlookatthingsafresh.D.Somepsychologistssaythatthehumanbrainjustisn'tgoodatconcentratingontwothingsatthesametime.E.Recentstudies,however,showthatMelissaandotherslikeherareperhapsgettinglessdonethantheythinktheyare.F.Now,withnumerousstudiestoreferto,theanswercouldnotbemoreclear-multitaskingisn'tallit'ssupposedtobe.Areyouamultitasker?DoyouwatchTVandcookdinneratthesametime?Doyouofteninterruptyourworktocheckyouremail?Doyoutalkonyourphonewhileyou'redriving?_________67_________AccordingtoasurveybythemagazineScientificAmericanMIND,90percentofAmericanadultsmultitaskregularly.Mostpeoplesaytheymultitaskbecausetheyaretoobusy,andmultitaskingsavestime.Popularelectronicdevicesliketabletsandsmartphonesmakeitconvenienttodoseveraltasksatonce._________68_________MelissaBrownofEvanston,Illinois,saysshehasnotroublelisteningtomusic,surfingtheInternet,andsendingtextmessagestofriendswhileshedoesherhomework._________69_________That'sbecausewithmultitasking,thereareactuallymany"micro-interruptions"inwhichpeoplestoponetask,startanother,andeventuallyreturntothefirstone.Thesestopsandstartsmakeitdifficulttoconcentrate,andsomultitaskersactuallywastetime,accordingtoastudyatMicrosoftCorporation.Inthestudy,workerswhointerruptedtheirworktoansweranemailortextmessagetookanaverageof15minutestoreturntotheworktheyweredoingbeforetheinterruption._________70_________Thisdoesn'tmatterifyou'reonlypreparingasaladandlisteningtotheradio,theysay.Butifyou'redoingadifficulttaskthatrequiresthinking,likewritingareport,thenmultitaskingcanslowyoudownandcausemistakes.Itcanevenbedangerous,asinthecaseofpeoplewhotalkonthephone,eat,orevenapplymakeupwhiledriving.IV.SummaryWritingDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.BrainHungerDoyoueverfeellikenomatterhowmuchyoueat,youarestillnotfull?Youmaybesufferingfromaconditionknownas"brainhunger".Thisoccurswhenthedopamine（多巴胺）signalinginyourbrainisdamaged,makingitdifficultforyourbodytorecognizewhenithashadenoughfood.Whataretheunderlyingcauses