選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT1閱讀題組——練速度(35mins)Ⅰ.閱讀A(2024·廣東名校高三5月模擬)Fromlife-savingmedicaltechnologiestoeverydayhouseholditems,thesefourbrilliantwomenleftanindeliblemarkonhistorywiththeirinventions.ModernironingboardbySarahBooneBeforetheinvention,clothingusedtobeironedonwoodenplanksbalancedbetweenchairs.Thoughitseemslikeasimpleinvention,Booneputalotofthoughtsintoit,whichwasevidentintheendproduct.Asidefromsolvingtheinitialproblemofunevenironing,Boonealsomadetheironingboard’slegsfoldedforstorageanddesignedacurved(弧形的)shapeforthebodytoaccommodatesleevesandcurvedareas.Alongsideherinvention,BoonealsobecameoneofthefirstAfrican-Americanwomantoreceiveapatent.SilkbyEmpressLeiZuThoughthereisnowayofconfirmingtheaccount,ancientwritings(includingConfucius’)attributethefirstinventionofsilktotheChineseEmpressLeiZu,whowasfourteenatthetimeandhadbeenenjoyingteaintheimperialgardenswhenafatefulincidenttookplace.Acocoon(繭)fellintoherteacupandlostitscohesiveness(黏結(jié)性)uponcontactwiththehotwater.ThefactthatthecocoonwasasinglestrandofsilkhaddrawnLeiZu’sattentionandshewovethethreadintofabric,creatingsilkcloth.CallerIDandcallwaitingbyShirleyAnnJacksonDrShirleyAnnJacksonbroketheglassceilingasthefirstAfrican-AmericanwomantobeawardedadoctoratefromMIT.ShecontributedtotheinventionofcallerIDandcallwaitingduringherresearchperiodatAT&TBellLaboratories,sowecannowseethephonenumberandnameofwhoeverisringingourphones.Spray-onskinrepairtechniquebyFionaWoodDrFionaWoodintroducedspray-onskinrepairtechniquetotheworldinthe1990s.Thetechniquechangedthewayinwhichburnvictimsusedtobetreated,asspray-onskinrepairtechniquecanbedirectlyappliedtowoundstoformanewlayerofskinthatpromoteshealingandminimisestheriskofinfection.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutSarahBoone?A.Shelearnedalotfromironing.B.Shesolvedtheproblemofwashing.C.Shecreatedapieceofusefulfurniture.D.Shewasthefirstpersontoreceiveapatent.2.WhatinspiredLeiZutofindsilk?A.Herinterestindrinkingtea.B.Acocoondroppingintohercup.C.Adesiretowritesomethingcrucial.D.Herworkingintheimperialgardens.3.Whomadeacontributiontomedicalcause?A.SarahBoone. B.LeiZu.C.ShirleyAnnJackson. D.FionaWood.BTOKYO,Japan—MakiKaji,69,thecreatorofthepopularnumberspuzzleSudokuwhoselife’sworkwasspreadingthejoyofpuzzles,hasdiedofcancer.Knownasthe“fatherofSudoku”,Kajicreatedthepuzzletobeeasyforchildrenandotherswhodidn’twanttothinktoohard.ItsnameismadeupoftheJapanesecharactersfor“number”and“single”,andplayersplacethenumbers1through9inrows,columnsandblockswithoutrepeatingthem.Ridiculously,itwasn’tuntil2004thatSudokubecameaglobalhit,afterafanfromNewZealandgotitpublishedintheBritishnewspaperTheTimes.Twoyearslater,Japanrediscovereditsownpuzzleasa“reimport”.Kajitravelledtomorethan30countriesspreadinghisenjoymentofpuzzles.Sudokuchampionshipshavedrawnsome200millionpeoplein100countriesovertheyears.Sudokuwasalsonevertrademarked(注冊(cè))exceptwithinJapan,drivingitsoverseascraze.BorninthemainnorthernislandofHokkaido,KajistartedJapan’sfirstpuzzlemagazineafterdroppingoutofKeioUniversityinTokyo.HefoundedNikoliin1983,andcameupwiththenameSudokuaboutthesametime.Inrecentyears,Sudoku,believedtobetheworld’smostpopularpencilpuzzle,hascomeoutindigitalversions.“Ourmission(使命)istoseekKaji’swishesandpossibilities,”saidYoshinaoAnpuku,whosucceededKajiasNikoli’schiefexecutive(執(zhí)行官).MajorJapanesenewspaperMainichicreditedKajiforstartingthepuzzlesectionsatbookstores,aswellasintroducingtheword“Sudoku”intotheOxfordEnglishdictionary.4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkisridiculous?A.KajiwasthefatherofSudoku.B.Kajisetupapuzzlemagazine.C.Sudokufirstbecamepopularoverseas.D.Sudokuwasspreadwidelyandquickly.5.WhatcanwesayaboutMakiKaji?A.Helikedtravellingalot.B.Hefailedtoentertheuniversity.C.HewasatopplayerinSudoku.D.HewascommittedtoSudokuspreading.6.WhatcanbeinferredaboutSudokufromthepassage?A.It’snotforoldpeople.B.It’sregisteredabroad.C.ItwasnamedafterKaji.D.Itwentallovertheworld.7.Whatdoesthelastparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.WhatKajiwishedfor.B.WhyKajiwasgreat.C.WhoisKaji’sfollower.D.HowKajiachievedhisgoal.C(2024·河南周口高三5月模擬)BessieMaeKelleywasananimation(動(dòng)畫)pioneer,yetmuchofherstoryandworkwaslosttohistoryandleftundocumented—untilnow.TheincrediblediscoveryofKelley’srichpastwasmadebyMindyJohnson,whospentfiveyearssearchingforevidence.AccordingtoMindyJohnson,KelleywasstudyingartatNewYork’sPrattInstitute,when,asapartofthefirstgenerationofcinema,shefellinlovewiththemedium.Kelleybeganworkingintheindustrydoingmenialjobs,butsheworkedherwayupandshewaseventuallyworkingalongsideMaxFleischer,PaulTerryandWalterLantz,animatorswhowerehouseholdnames.Kelleyhand-drewcartoonsincooperationwithPaulTerryforhisfamedanimatedadaptationofAesop’sFables,includingthemousecouplethatcametobeknownasMiltonandMary.“EvenWaltDisneypubliclystatedthatwhenhebeganhisstudioinKansasCity,hewantedtomakecartoonsasgoodasAesop’sFables,”Johnsonsaid.Andearlierthisweek,JohnsonpresentedherdiscoveriesattheAcademyMuseumofMotionPicturesinLosAngeles,whereshealsopremiered(首映)tworestoredshortfilmshand-drawnanddirectedbyKelley.Thefirstisafive-minutefilmentitledFlowerFairies,completedin1921.Thesecondthree-minutefilmfrom1922iscalledAMerryChristmas.Previously,historianshadconsideredTissaDavidtobetheearliestexampleofawomanwhodirectedherownhand-drawnworkBonjourParisin1953.TheearliestsurvivinganimatedfilmdirectedandanimatedbyawomanwouldbeLotteReiniger’sTheOrnamentoftheLovestruckHeartfrom1919,whichisfarfromthehand-drawnvariety.Johnson,whoteachesanimationhistoryatCaliforniaInstituteoftheArtsandDrexelUniversity,says,“DiscoveringKelley’scontributiontoanimationisn’tjustaboutfillinginthegapsofhistory.Italsomotivatesanewgenerationofanimators.Icanseemyfemalestudentsstandingalittletallerandmoreconfident,abouttheirworkwhentheylearnaboutKelley.”8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“menial”inparagraph2mean?A.Unskilled. B.Demanding.C.Well-paid. D.Risk-taking.9.WhatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbymentioningKelley’sworkonAesop’sFables?A.Herfondnessforanimals.B.Hergoodteamworkspirit.C.Herearlyinfluenceinanimation.D.HercloserelationshipwithWaltDisney.10.Whichistheearliest-knownanimationhand-drawnanddirectedbyawoman?A.BonjourParis.B.FlowerFairies.C.AMerryChristmas.D.TheOrnamentoftheLovestruckHeart.11.WhatdoesJohnsonthinkofthediscoveryofKelley’sroleinanimation?A.Itexcitesstudents’interestinhistory.B.Itisaninspirationtofemaleanimators.C.Ithelpsreexaminewomenanimators’work.D.Itisareminderofthevalueofsurvivingfilms.DNewresearchaddedbraindegradationsuchasAlzheimer’sdisease(阿爾茨海默氏病)tothegrowinglistofeffectsoffineparticles(微粒).Astudyof63millionadultsolderthan65intheUnitedStatesshowedthatfrom2000to2016,first-timehospitaladmissionsforAlzheimer’sdiseaseandrelateddiseasesroseby13percentwithevery5-microgram(percubicmeterofair)increaseinannualconcentrationsofPM2.5.Suchparticlesareproducedmainlyduringtheburningoffossilfuels,especiallycoalandoil.Theriskremainedhighevenwhenconcentrationswerebelow12microgramspercubicmeterofair,aleveltheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgencycurrentlyconsiderssafe.“Ourstudybuildsonthesmallbutclearevidenceindicatingthatlong-termPM2.5exposureisassociatedwithanincreasedriskofworseningbrainhealth,evenwhenPM2.5concentrationsarewellbelowthecurrentnationalstandards,”saidXiaoWu,adoctoralstudentinHarvard.AntonellaZanobetti,aco-authorofthestudy,saidthenewresearchresultsshowedthatthecurrentU.S.regulationsareinadequatetoprotecttheagingAmericanpopulation,highlightingtheneedforstricterstandardsandpoliciesthathelpfurtherreducePM2.5concentrationsandimproveairqualityoverall.Womenandurbanpopulations,particularlythoseinthenortheast,wereparticularlyatrisk,theresearchshowed.Theresearchersfiguredthattheincreasingeffectsonurbanpopulationsmightbeduetothe“abundanceofmetal-bearingparticlesintheurbanatmosphere,whichhaveverysmallsizeandcanaccessthebraindirectly”.Theyowedtheincreasedrisktowomen’slongerlife,whichmeanttheprobabilityofdeathfromothercausesbeforedevelopingAlzheimer’sdiseasewashigherinmen.12.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewresearchinparagraph1?A.ItprovedPM2.5wascausedbyfossilfuels.B.Itaimedatimprovingtheelders’brainhealth.C.ItshowedAlzheimer’sdiseasewaslinkedtoairpollution.D.ItfocusedontheeffectofPM2.5ontheenvironment.13.Whatistheresearchers’attitudetowardsthecurrentU.S.PM2.5nationalstandards?A.Supportive. B.Disapproving.C.Cautious. D.Ambiguous.14.Whydowomenhavehigherriskofbrainhealthproblems?A.Becausetheymainlyliveincities.B.Becausetheyareinmuchworsecondition.C.BecausetheyareaffectedbyPM2.5moreeasily.D.Becausetheylivelongerthanmen.15.What’sthepurposeofthetext?A.Topresentfindingsofnewresearch.B.Tocallonustoprotecttheenvironment.C.ToanalysevariousreasonsforAlzheimer’sdisease.D.Todrawourattentiontotheelders’health.Ⅱ.七選五(2024·全國(guó)甲卷)ImportantThingstoKnowWhenDiningOutCulturaldiningetiquette(禮節(jié))mightsurpriseyouwithsomeofitsimportantrules.1.Knowingsometipswillhelpensurethatyouhaveanenjoyablemealwithfriendsorfamily—nomatterwhereyouareintheworld.

ChopstickRulesThewayyouhandlechopsticksisimportanttoavoidannoyingyourcompanions.Whenyouputthemdownbetweenbites,alwaysputthemdowntogethersotheyareparallelwiththeedgeofthetableinfrontofyou.2.

HandsorUtensils(餐具)InIndiaandtheMiddleEast,it’sconsideredveryrudetoeatwithyourlefthand.PeopleinFranceexpectyoutoeatwithautensilineachhand.3,insteadpreferringtousetheirhands.InChile,youmaynevertouchanyfoodwithyourfingers.PeopleinThailandgenerallyusetheirforksonlytopushfoodontotheirspoons.

MakingRequests4.InPortugal,thiswouldbeaseriousmistake,becauseitshowsthechefthatyoudon’tliketheirseasoningskills.Similarly,inItaly,neveraskforextracheesetoaddtoyourfood.

Someoftheseculturaldiningetiquetterulesmayseemrandomandstrange,buttheyareimportantinvariouscountries.5,themorecomfortableyou’llbegintofeelwithitsforeignculturalpractices.

A.ThemorefriendsyoumakeinyourlifetimeB.ThemoretimeyouspendinanygivencountryC.MexicansconsideritinappropriatetoeatwithutensilsD.Don’tgetcaughtmakinganembarrassingmistakeatarestaurantE.It’sagoodsignforthechefifyoumakeamessaroundyourplateF.NeverstickthemuprightinyourfoodorcrossthemasyouusethemG.Itmayseemlikeasimplerequesttoaskforsaltandpepperatameal

選擇性必修第一冊(cè)UNIT1閱讀題組——練速度Ⅰ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四位杰出的女性。1.C解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段中的“Beforetheinvention,clothingusedtobeironedonwoodenplanksbalancedbetweenchairs.Thoughitseemslikeasimpleinvention,Booneputalotofthoughtsintoit,whichwasevidentintheendproduct.Asidefromsolvingtheinitialproblemofunevenironing,Boonealsomadetheironingboard’slegsfoldedforstorageanddesignedacurvedshapeforthebodytoaccommodatesleevesandcurvedareas.”可知,SarahBoone獨(dú)創(chuàng)的燙衣板是一件有用的家具。故選C項(xiàng)。2.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Acocoonfellintoherteacupandlostitscohesivenessuponcontactwiththehotwater.ThefactthatthecocoonwasasinglestrandofsilkhaddrawnLeiZu’sattentionandshewovethethreadintofabric,creatingsilkcloth.”可知,嫘祖在花園喝茶時(shí),一只繭掉進(jìn)了她的杯子里。這個(gè)意外讓她發(fā)覺了蠶絲。故選B項(xiàng)。3.D解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段中的“DrFionaWoodintroducedspray-onskinrepairtechniquetotheworldinthe1990s.”可知,FionaWood首創(chuàng)了用噴霧治療皮膚燒傷的技術(shù),為醫(yī)療事業(yè)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。故選D項(xiàng)。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇記敘文?！皵?shù)獨(dú)之父”MakiKaji因癌癥去世,文章介紹了他的部分生平以及數(shù)獨(dú)嬉戲的影響力。4.C解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Ridiculously,itwasn’tuntil2004thatSudokubecameaglobalhit”并結(jié)合本段內(nèi)容可知,作者感到不行思議的是,數(shù)獨(dú)先是在日本以外的全球范圍內(nèi)火了起來,后來才在日本國(guó)內(nèi)被發(fā)掘。5.D解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Kajitravelledtomorethan30countriesspreadinghisenjoymentofpuzzles.”可知,在推廣數(shù)獨(dú)的過程中,Kaji是親力親為的,與D項(xiàng)“他致力于數(shù)獨(dú)的推廣”相符。6.D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段其次、三句“Sudokuchampionshipshavedrawnsome200millionpeoplein100countriesovertheyears.SudokuwasalsonevertrademarkedexceptwithinJapan,drivingitsoverseascraze.”可知,數(shù)獨(dú)堪稱風(fēng)靡全世界,與D項(xiàng)表達(dá)含義一樣。7.B解析段落大意題。最終一段主要講解并描述了Kaji對(duì)數(shù)獨(dú)嬉戲的影響力,故B項(xiàng)正確?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了是動(dòng)畫先驅(qū)貝西·梅·凱利的職業(yè)生涯及其作品以及她對(duì)動(dòng)畫界的影響。8.A解析詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段中的“...KelleywasstudyingartatNewYork’sPrattInstitute,when,asapartofthefirstgenerationofcinema,shefellinlovewiththemedium.”可知,凱利當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約普瑞特學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)藝術(shù),還沒有正式開設(shè)她的職業(yè)生涯。依據(jù)畫線詞后的“butsheworkedherwayup”可知,她之前做的工作是卑微的,非技術(shù)性的。由此揣測(cè),畫線詞意為“非技術(shù)性的”。unskilled“缺乏技能的”;demanding“要求高的”;well-paid“收入豐厚的”;risk-taking“冒險(xiǎn)的”。故選A項(xiàng)。9.C解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“Kelleyhand-drewcartoonsincooperationwithPaulTerryforhisfamedanimatedadaptationofAesop’sFables,includingthemousecouplethatcametobeknownasMiltonandMary.‘EvenWaltDisneypubliclystatedthatwhenhebeganhisstudioinKansasCity,hewantedtomakecartoonsasgoodasAesop’sFables,’Johnsonsaid.”可知,作者提及凱利的《伊索寓言》是想展示她早期對(duì)動(dòng)畫的影響。故選C項(xiàng)。10.A解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Previously,historianshadc