考研英語必考點(diǎn)專題分析詳解

例證題

真題來源2009英語Text4

①Weshouldnotforget,however;thatmostNewEnglanders

werelesswelleducated.②Whilefewcraftsmenorfarmers,let

alonedependentsandservants,leftliterarycompositionstobe

analyzed,itisobviousthattheirviewswerelessfully

intellectualized.③Theirthinkingoftenhadatraditional

superstitiousquality.④AtailornamedJohnDane,who

emigratedinthelate1630s,leftanaccountofhisreasonsfor

leavingEnglandthatisfilledwithsigns.⑤Sexualconfusion,

economicfrustrations,andreligioushope-allcametogetherin

adecisivemomentwhenheopenedtheBible,toldhisfatherthe

firstlinehesawwouldsettlehisfate,andreadthemagicalwords:

"Comeoutfromamongthem,touchnouncleanthing,andIw川

beyourGodandyoushallbemypeople."⑥Onewonderswhat

DanethoughtofthecarefulsermonsexplainingtheBiblethathe

heardinPuritanchurches.

39.ThestoryofJohnDaneshowsthatlesswell-educatedNew

Englanderswereoften.

[A]influencedbysuperstitions

[B]troubledwithreligiousbeliefs

[C]puzzledbychurchsermons

[D]frustratedwithfamilyearnings

題目解析

39.解析:

題干中的thestoryofJohnDane很明顯是一個(gè)具體的例子，shows

一詞表明這是一道例證題，問的是這個(gè)例子所反映的觀點(diǎn)。

JohnDane的故事出現(xiàn)在第四段句④至句⑥，而按照西方人的寫作習(xí)

慣，觀點(diǎn)一般都出現(xiàn)在例子的前面，因此我們重點(diǎn)看句③。

這句話指出，他們的想法往往帶有傳統(tǒng)的迷信色彩(Theirthinking

"他們"指的就是句

oftenhadatraditionalsuperstitiousquality)o

①中提到的并未受過良好教育的新英格蘭人，剛好對(duì)應(yīng)題干中的信息。

因此本題應(yīng)選,其中對(duì)應(yīng)句③中的

Asuperstitionssuperstitiouso

★破題點(diǎn)

例證題的解題原則只有一個(gè)，那就是例子支撐的永遠(yuǎn)是觀點(diǎn)

干擾選項(xiàng)分析：

例證題最常見的干擾信息就是討論例子本身，就事論事。選項(xiàng)B、C和

D分別針對(duì)本段句⑤中的religioushope、句⑥中的"sermons...in

Puritanchurches"和句⑤中的economicfrustrations設(shè)置干擾，它

們都屬于例子的細(xì)節(jié)信息，而不是例子要證明的觀點(diǎn)。對(duì)于例證題，同

學(xué)們?cè)陂喿x選項(xiàng)時(shí)一定要盡量繞開直接談?wù)摾拥倪x項(xiàng)。

真題來源2017英語一Textl

?Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurity

proceduresinreturnforincreasedsafety.②Thecrashof

EgyptAirFlight804,whichterroristsmayhavedownedoverthe

MediterraneanSea,providesanothertragicreminderofwhy.③

Butdemandingtoomuchofairtravelersorprovidingtoolittle

securityinreturnunderminespublicsupportfortheprocess.④

Anditshould:WastedtimeisadragonAmericans,economic

andprivatelives,nottomentioninfuriating.

21.ThecrashofEgyptAirFlight804ismentionedto.

[A]explainAmerican,stoleranceofcurrentsecuritychecks

[B]stresstheurgencytostrengthensecurityworldwide

[C]highlightthenecessityofupgradingmajorU.S.airports

[D]emphasizetheimportanceofprivacyprotection

題目解析

21.解析：

本題是一道例證題，這種題型的解題思路只有一個(gè)，那就是例子支撐的

永遠(yuǎn)是觀點(diǎn)。

埃及航空804航班墜毀這個(gè)事例出現(xiàn)在第二段句②而按照西方人的寫

作習(xí)慣，觀點(diǎn)一般都出現(xiàn)在例子的前面，因此我們重點(diǎn)看句①。

該句指出，為了提升安全性，美國人愿意忍受費(fèi)時(shí)的安檢程序

(Americansarewillingtotoleratetime-consumingsecurity

procedures)o

因此，文中提及埃及航空804航班的墜毀是為了解釋美國人為何愿意容

忍當(dāng)前費(fèi)時(shí)的安檢，故本題應(yīng)選A，其中toleranceofcurrentsecurity

checks對(duì)應(yīng)句①中的toleratetime-consumingsecurity

procedureSo

★破題點(diǎn)

例證題的解題思路只有一個(gè)，那就是例子支撐的永遠(yuǎn)是觀點(diǎn)，也就是說,

只有找到觀點(diǎn)才能找到正確答案。

干擾選項(xiàng)分析：

本段討論的是航空旅行安全方面的問題，選項(xiàng)B卻將其放大為"全球安

全"，與原文不符，故排除。

文中并未提及有必要對(duì)美國主要機(jī)場(chǎng)進(jìn)行升級(jí)，選項(xiàng)C屬于無中生有,

故排除。

選項(xiàng)D針對(duì)本段句④中的privatelives設(shè)置干擾，原文是說浪費(fèi)的時(shí)

間對(duì)美國人的個(gè)人生活是一種拖累(Wastedtimeisadragon

Americans,...privatelives),與"隱私保護(hù)"無關(guān)，故該選項(xiàng)與原

文不符，故排除。

細(xì)節(jié)題

真題來源

2009英語Text1

Habitsareafunnything.Wereachforthemmindlessly,setting

ourbrainsonautopilotandrelaxingintotheunconscious

comfortoffamiliarroutine."Notchoice,buthabitrulesthe

unreflectingherd,,,WilliamWordsworthsaidinthe19thcentury.

Intheever-changing21stcentury,eventheword"habit”

carriesanegativeimplication.

Soitseemsparadoxicaltotalkabouthabitsinthesamecontext

ascreativityandinnovation.Butbrainresearchershave

discoveredthatwhenweconsciouslydevelopnewhabits,we

createparallelpaths,andevenentirelynewbraincells,thatcan

jumpourtrainsofthoughtontonew,innovativetracks.

Ratherthandismissingourselvesasunchangeablecreaturesof

habit,wecaninsteaddirectourownchangebyconsciously

developingnewhabits.Infact,themorenewthingswetry—the

morewestepoutsideourcomfortzone-themore

inherentlycreativewebecome,bothintheworkplaceandinour

personallives.

Butdon'tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsof

procedurearewornintothebrain,they,retheretostay.Instead,

thenewhabitswedeliberatelypressintoourselvescreate

parallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.

“Thefirstthingneededforinnovationisafascinationwith

wonder,HsaysDawnaMarkova,authorofTheOpenMind."But

wearetaughtinsteadto'decide',justasourpresidentcalls

himself'theDecider'Sheadds,however,that“todecideis

tokilloffallpossibilitiesbutone.Agoodinnovationalthinkeris

alwaysexploringthemanyotherpossibilities.”

Allofusworkthroughproblemsinwaysofwhichwe'reunaware,

shesays.Researchersinthelate1960discoveredthathumans

arebornwiththecapacitytoapproachchallengesinfour

primaryways:analytically,procedurally,relationally(or

collaboratively)andinnovatively.Attheendofadolescence,

however,thebrainshutsdownhalfofthatcapacity,preserving

onlythosemodesofthoughtthathaveseemedmostvaluable

duringthefirstdecadeorsooflife.

Thecurrentemphasisonstandardizedtestinghighlightsanalysis

andprocedure,meaningthatfewofusinherentlyuseour

innovativeandcollaborativemodesofthought."Thisbreaksthe

majorruleintheAmericanbeliefsystem-thatanyonecando

anything,nexplainsM.J.Ryan,authorofthe2006bookThis

YearIWill...andMs.Markova*sbusinesspartner."That'salie

thatwehaveperpetuated,anditfosterscommonness.Knowing

whatyou'regoodatanddoingevenmoreofitcreates

excellence."Thisiswheredevelopingnewhabitscomesin.

21.InWordsworth*sview,“habit"ischaracterizedbybeing

[A]casual

[B]familiar

[C]mechanical

[D]changeable

22.Brainresearchershavediscoveredthattheformationofnew

habitscanbe.

[A]predicted

[B]regulated

[C]traced

[D]guided

23.咦？題目呢？？？不是細(xì)節(jié)題不配出現(xiàn)，直接跳過啦~

24.DawnaMarkovawouldmostprobablyagreethat.

[A]ideasarebornofarelaxingmind

[B]innovativenesscouldbetaught

[C]decisivenessderivesfromfantasticideas

[D]curiosityactivatescreativeminds

25.Ryan,scommentssuggestthatthepracticeofstandardized

testing.

[A]preventsnewhabitsfrombeingformed

[B]nolongeremphasizescommonness

[C]maintainstheinherentAmericanthinkingmodel

[D]complieswiththeAmericanbeliefsystem

題目解析

21.解析：

本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干中的Wordsworth定位到第一段

句③。這句話通過Wordsworth的一句名言"習(xí)慣支配著那些缺乏思

考的人群(unreflectingherd)”體現(xiàn)出他對(duì)習(xí)慣的負(fù)面態(tài)度。由于這句

話和句②之間沒有出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，因此這兩句話是相同關(guān)系，表達(dá)的觀點(diǎn)一

致。

句②提到，我們機(jī)械地(mindlessly)按照習(xí)慣行事，將大腦設(shè)置為自動(dòng)

駕駛模式(onauto-pilot),并放松地進(jìn)入熟悉的常規(guī)(familiarroutine)

所帶來的無意識(shí)的(unconscious)舒適狀態(tài)。

、以及

mindlessly,onauto-pilotfamiliarroutinesunconscious

unreflectingherd這一系列單詞都表明了習(xí)慣的特征：

缺乏思考，只選擇自己最熟悉的方式，而且經(jīng)常在無意識(shí)的狀態(tài)下完成。

選項(xiàng)C最符合這些詞語的共性,且符合Wordsworth對(duì)習(xí)慣的負(fù)面態(tài)

度，故正確。

干擾選項(xiàng)分析：

選項(xiàng)B"熟悉的"具有較強(qiáng)的干擾性。第一段句②中雖然出現(xiàn)了familiar

一詞，但它是用來修飾routine（常規(guī)）的，也就是說,familiarroutine

才等于habit這一概念。如果將選項(xiàng)B代入題干，就會(huì)得到"習(xí)慣的特

征是熟悉的"，顯然說不通，故排除。其他選項(xiàng)不構(gòu)成干擾，可輕松排

除，故不再贅述。

22.解析:

本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，題干中的Brainresearchers在第二段句②中原詞

重現(xiàn),theformationofnewhabits是對(duì)句中developnewhabits

的同義替換，因此這句話就是本題的定位點(diǎn)。

該句指出，大腦研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣(consciously

developnewhabits)有利于創(chuàng)新思維的產(chǎn)生。緊接著第三段句①又提

到，我們可以通過有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣來引導(dǎo)自己的改變(wecan

insteaddirectourownchangebyconsciouslydevelopingnew

habits)o

由此可見，人們可以有意識(shí)地去養(yǎng)成新習(xí)慣，即新習(xí)慣的形成是可以被

引導(dǎo)的。故本題應(yīng)選D,該選項(xiàng)是對(duì)原文consciouslydevelopnew

habits的合理概括。

干擾選項(xiàng)分析：

原文沒有提到對(duì)習(xí)慣進(jìn)行"預(yù)測(cè)"或"控制"這些信息，選項(xiàng)A和B

都屬于無中生有，故排除。

選項(xiàng)C由第二段句②中的paths和tracks這兩個(gè)可以表示"路徑"的

詞推理出新習(xí)慣的形成可以被"追蹤"，但paths指的是大腦的神經(jīng)通

路，tracks意在表明有意識(shí)地培養(yǎng)新習(xí)慣有利于創(chuàng)新思維的產(chǎn)生，由二

者不能得出新習(xí)慣的形成可以被"追蹤"這一結(jié)論，故排除該選項(xiàng)。

24.解析:

本題是一道細(xì)節(jié)題，根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到第五段。

句①指出,DawnaMarkova認(rèn)為創(chuàng)新所需的首要條件是強(qiáng)烈的好奇心

(fascinationwithwonder),因此選項(xiàng)D正確，其中creativeminds

對(duì)應(yīng)原文中的貝!對(duì)應(yīng)

innovation.curiosityJfascinationwithwondero

干擾選項(xiàng)分析：

選項(xiàng)A針對(duì)第一段句②中的relaxing設(shè)置干擾，但這句話與Dawna

Markova無關(guān)