2015研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試試題(英語二)

Section1UseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,C

orDonANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Inourcontemporaryculture,theprospectofcommunicatingwith-orevenlookingat-a

strangerisvirtuallyunbearable.Everyonearoundusseemstoagreebythewaytheyfiddlewith

theirphones,evenwithouta1underground.

Ifsasadreality一ourdesiretoavoidinteractingwithotherhumanbeings一because

there's2tobegainedfromtalkingtothestrangerstandingbyyou.Butyouwouldn'tknowit,

3_intoyourphone.Thisuniversalarmorsendsthe4_:“Pleasedon*tapproachme.^^

Whatisitthatmakesusfeelweneedtohide5ourscreens?

Oneanswerisfear,accordingtoJonWortmann,executivementalcoach.Wefearrejection,orthat

ourinnocentsocialadvanceswillbe6as“creepy."Wefearwe*llbe7.Wefearwe'llbe

disruptive.

Strangersareinherently_8_tous,sowearemorelikelytofeel9whencommunicatingwith

themcomparedwithourfriendsandacquaintances.Toavoidthisanxiety,we10toourphones.

“Phonesbecomeoursecurityblanket,^Wortmannsays."Theyareourhappyglassesthatprotectus

fromwhatweperceiveisgoingtobemore11??

Butonceweripoffthebandaid,tuckoursmartphonesinourpocketsandlookup,itdoesn't

12sobad.Inone2011experiment,behavioralscientistsNicholasEpleyandJulianaSchroeder

askedcommuterstodotheunthinkable:Starta]_3_.TheyhadChicagotraincommuterstalkto

theirfellow14,"WhenDr.EpleyandMs.Schroederaskedotherpeopleinthesametrain

stationto15howtheywouldfeelaftertalkingtoastranger,thecommutersthoughttheir16

wouldbemorepleasantiftheysatontheirown,"theNewYorkTimessummarizes.Thoughthe

participantsdidn'texpectapositiveexperience,afterthey17withtheexperiment,"notasingle

personreportedhavingbeensnubbed."

18、thesecommuteswerereportedlymoreenjoyablecomparedwiththosesans

communication,whichmakesabsolutesense,19humanbeingsthriveoffofsocialconnections.

It'sthat20:Talkingtostrangerscanmakeyoufeelconnected.

1.[A]ticket[B]permit[C]signal[D]record

2.[A]nothing[B]link[C]another[D]much

3.[A]beaten[B]guided[C]plugged[D]brought

4.[A]message[B]cede[C]notice[D]sign

5.[A]under[B]beyond[C]behind[D]from

6.[A]misinterpret[B]misapplied[C]misadjusted[D]mismatched

7.[A]fired[B]judged[C]replaced[D]delayed

8.[A]unreasonable[B]ungrateful[C]unconventional[D]unfamiliar

9.[A]comfortable[B]anxious[C]confident[D]angry

10.[A]attend[B]point[C]take[D]turn

11.[A]dangerous[B]mysterious[C]violent[D]boring

12.[A]hurt[B]resist[C]bend[D]decay

13.[A]lecture[B]conversation[C]debate[D]negotiation

14.[A]trainees[B]employees[C]researchers[D]passengers

15.[A]reveal[B]choose[C]predict[D]design

16.[A]voyage[B]flight[C]walk[D]ride

17.[A]wentthrough[B]didaway[C]caughtup[D]putup

18.[A]Inturn[B]Inparticular[C]Infact[D]In

consequence

19.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]whereas

20.[A]funny[B]simple[C]logical[D]rare

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,Cor

D.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

Anewstudysuggeststhatcontrarytomostsurveys,peopleareactuallymorestressedat

homethanatwork.Researchersmeasuredpeople'scortisol,whichisastressmarker,whilethey

wereatworkandwhiletheywereathomeandfoundithigheratwhatissupposedtobeaplaceof

refuge.

“Furthercontradictingconventionalwisdom,wefoundthatwomenaswellasmenhave

lowerlevelsofstressatworkthanathome”,writesoneoftheresearchers,SarahDamske.Infact

womenevensaytheyfeelbetteratwork,shenotes.46Itismen,notwomen,whoreportbeing

happierathomethanatwork.^^Anothersurpriseisthatfindingsholdtrueforboththosewith

childrenandwithout,butmoresofornonparents.Thisiswhypeoplewhoworkoutsidethehome

havebetterhealth.

Whatthestudydoesn'tmeasureiswhetherpeoplearestilldoingworkwhenthey'reathome,

whetheritishouseholdworkorworkbroughthomefromtheoffice.Formanymen,theendofthe

workdayisatimetokickback.Forwomenwhostayhome,theynevergettoleavetheoffice.And

forwomenwhoworkoutsidethehome,theyoftenareplayingcatch-up-with-householdtasks.

Withtheblurringofroles,andthefactthatthehomefrontlagswellbehindtheworkplacein

makingadjustmentsforworkingwomen,it'snotsurprisingthatwomenaremorestressedat

home.

Butit,snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey'resupposedto

bedoing:working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.

Thebargainisverypure:Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedraws

outlife-sustainingmoola.

Onthehomefront,however,peoplehavenosuchclarity.Rareisthehouseholdinwhichthe

divisionoflaborissoclinicallyandmethodicallylaidout.Therearealotoftaskstobedone,

thereareinadequaterewardsformostofthem.Yourhomecolleagues—yourfamily-haveno

clearrewardsfortheirlabor;theyneedtobetalkedintoit,orifthey'reteenagers,threatenedwith

completeremovalofallelectronicdevices.Plus,they'reyourfamily.Youcannotfireyourfamily.

Youneverreallygettogohomefromhome.

Soit'snotsurprisingthatpeoplearemorestressedathome.Notonlyarethetasksapparently

infinite,theco-workersaremuchhardertomotivate.

21.AccordingtoParagraph1,mostprevioussurveysfoundthathome.

[A]wasanunrealisticplaceforrelaxation[B]generatedmorestressthanthe

workplace

[C]wasanidealplaceforstressmeasurement[D|offeredgreaterrelaxationthanthe

workplace

22.AccordingtoDamaske,whoarelikelytobethehappiestathome?

[A]Workingmothers.[B]Childlesshusbands.

[C]Childlesswives.[D]Workingfathers.

23.Theblurringofworkingwomen'srolesreferstothefactthat.

[A]theyarebothbreadwinnersandhousewives

[B]theirhomeisalsoaplaceforkickingback

[C]thereisoftenmuchhouseworkleftbehind

[D]itisdifficultforthemtoleavetheiroffice

24.Theword“moola”(Liiie4,Para.4)mostprobablymeans.

[A]energy[B]skills[C]earnings[D]nutrition

25.Thehomefrontdiffersfromtheworkplaceinthat.

[A]homeishardlyacozierworkingenvironment

[B|divisionoflaborathomeisseldomclearcut

[C]householdtasksaregenerallymoremotivating

[D]familylaborisoftenadequatelyrewarded

Text2

Foryears,studieshavefoundthatfirst-generationcollegestudents—thosewhodonothavea

parentwithacollegedegree-lagotherstudentsonarangeofeducationachievementfactors.

Theirgradesarelowerandtheirdropoutratesarehigher.Butsincesuchstudentsaremostlikely

toadvanceeconomicallyiftheysucceedinhighereducation,collegesanduniversitieshave

pushedfbrdecadestorecruitmoreofthem.Thishascreated“aparadox“inthatrecnjiting

first-generationstudents,butthenwatchingmanyofthemfail,meansthathighereducationhas

"continuedtoreproduceandwiden,ratherthanclose,,anachievementgapbasedonsocialclass,

accordingtothedepressingbeginningofapaperforthcomingintheiournalPsychologicalScience.

Butthearticleisactuallyquiteoptimistic,asitoutlinesapotentialsolutiontothisproblem,

suggestingthatanapproach(whichinvolvesaone-hour,next-to-no-costprogram)canclose63

percentoftheachievementgap(measuredbysuchfactorsasgrades)betweenfirst-generationand

otherstudents.

Theauthorsofthepaperarefromdifferentuniversities,andtheirfindingsarebasedona

studyinvolving147students(whocompletedtheproject)atanunnamedprivateuniversity.First

generationwasdefinedasnothavingaparentwithafour-yearcollegedegree.Mostofthe

first-generationstudents(59.1percent)wererecipientsofPellGrants,afederalgrantfor

undergraduateswithfinancialneed,whilethiswastrueonlyfor8.6percentofthestudentswithat

leastoneparentwithafour-yeardegree.

Theirthesis-thatarelativelymodestinterventioncouldhaveabigimpact-wasbasedon

theviewthatfirst-generationstudentsmaybemostlackingnotinpotentialbutinpractical

knowledgeabouthowtodealwiththeissuesthatfacemostcollegestudents.Theycitepast

researchbyseveralauthorstoshowthatthisisthegapthatmustbenarrowedtoclosethe

achievementgap.

Manyfirst-generationstudents“struggletonavigatethemiddle-classcultureofhigher

education,learnthe'rulesofthegame/andtakeadvantageofcollegeresources,theywrite.And

thisbecomesmoreofaproblemwhencollegesdon'ttalkabouttheclassadvantagesand

disadvantagesofdifferentgroupsofstudents.''BecauseUScollegesanduniversitiesseldom

acknowledgehowsocialclasscanaffectstudents?educationalexperiences,manyfirst-generation

studentslacksightaboutwhytheyarestrugglinganddonotunderstandhowstudentsMikethem'

canimprove.”

26.Recruitingmorefirstgenerationstudentshas.

[A]reducedtheirdropoutrates[B]narrowedtheachievementgap

[C]misseditsoriginalpurpose[D]depressedcollegestudents

27.Theauthoroftheresearcharticleareoptimisticbecause.

[A]theproblemissolvable

[B]theirapproachiscostless

[C]therecruitingratehasincreased

[D]theirfindingsappealtostudents

28.Thestudysuggeststhatmostfirstgenerationstudents.

[A]studyatprivateuniversities[B]arefromsingleparentfamilies

[C]areinneedoffinancialsupport[D|havefailedtheircollage

29.Theauthorsofthepaperbelievethatfirst-generationstudents.

[A]areactuallyindifferenttotheachievementgap

[B]canhaveapotentialinfluenceonotherstudents

[C]maylackopportunitiestoapplyforresearchprojects

[D]areinexperiencedinhandlingtheirissuesatcollege

30.Wemayinferfromthelastparagraphthat.

[A]universitiesoftenrejectthecultureofthemiddleclass

|B]studentsareusuallytoblamefortheirlackofresources

[C]socialclassgreatlyhelpsenricheducationalexperiences

|D]collegesarepartlyresponsiblefortheprobleminquestion

Text3

Evenintraditionaloffices,“thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmore

emotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,“saidHarvardBusinessSchool

professorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples."IfyouandIparachutedbackto

Fortune500companiesin1990,wewouldseemuchlessfrequentuseoftermslikejourney,

mission,passion.Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives,butwedidn'ttalk

aboutenergy;wedidn'ttalkaboutpassion.^^

Koehnpointedoutthatthisneweraofcorporatevocabularyisvery44teamM-oriented一and

notbycoincidence."Let'snotforgetsports—inmale-dominatedcorporateAmerica,it'sstillabig

deal.Ifsnotexplicitlyconscious;ifstheideathatI'macoach,andyou'remyteam,andwe'rein

thistogether.TherearelotsandlotsofCEOsinverydifferentcompanies,butmostthinkof

themselvesascoachesandthisistheirteamandtheywanttowin.”

Thesetermsarealsointendedtoinfuseworkwithmeaning一and,asKhurana,another

professor,pointsout,increaseallegiancetothefirm."Youhavetheimportationofterminology

thathistoricallyusedtobeassociatedwithnon-profitorganizationsandreligiousorganizations:

termshkevision,values^passion,andpurpose；'saidKhurana.

Thisnewfocusonpersonalfulfillmentcanhelpkeepemployeesmotivatedamidincreasingly

louddebatesoverwork-lifebalance.The"mommywars”ofthe1990sarestillgoingontoday,

promptingargumentsaboutwhywomenstillcan'thaveitallandbookslikeSheryl

Sandberg'sLeanIn,whosetitlehasbecomeabuzzwordinitsownright.Termslikeunplug,

offline,life-hack,handwidth,andcapacityareallaboutsettingboundariesbetweentheofficeand

thehome.Butifyourworkisyour""passion^you'llbemorelikelytodevoteyourselftoit,evenif

thatmeansgoinghomefbrdinnerandthenworkinglongafterthekidsareinbed.

Butthisseemstobetheironyofofficespeak:Everyonemakesfunofit,butmanagersloveit,

companiesdependonit,andregularpeoplewillinglyabsorbit.Aslinguistoncesaid,“Youcan

getpeopletothinkit'snonsenseatthesametimethatyoubuyintoit."Inaworkplacethat's

fundamentallyindifferenttoyourlifeanditsmeaning,officespeakcanhelpyoufigureouthow

yourelatetoyourwork-andhowyourworkdefineswhoyouare.

31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome

[A]moreemotional|B]moreobjective

[C]lessenergetic[D]lessstrategic

32.44Teamvorientedcorporatevocabularyiscloselyrelatedto

[A]historicalincidents[B]genderdifference

[C]sportsculture[D]athleticexecutives

33.Khuranabelievesthattheimportationofterminologyaimsto

[A]revivehistoricalterms|B]promotecompanyimage

[C]fostercorporatecooperation[D]strengthenemployeeloyalty

34.ItcanbeinferredthatLeanIn

[A]voicesforworkingwomen[B]appealstopassionateworkaholics

[C]triggersdebatesamongmommies[D]praisesmotivatedemployees

35.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaboutofficespeak?

[A]Managersadmireitbutavoidit.|B]Linguistsbelieveittobenonsense.

[C]Companiesfindittobefundamental.[D]Regularpeoplemockitbutacceptit.

Text4

Manypeopletalkedofthe288,000newjobstheLaborDepartmentreportedforJune,along

withthedropintheunemploymentrateto6.1percent,asgoodnews.Andtheywereright.For

nowitappearstheeconomyiscreatingjobsatadecentpace.Westillhavealongwaytogotoget

backtofullemployment,butatleastwearenowfinallymovingforwardatafasterpace.

However,thereisanotherimportantpartofthejobspicturethatwaslargelyoverlooked.

Therewasabigjumpinthenumberofpeoplewhoreportvoluntarilyworkingpart-time.This

figureisnow830,000(4.4percent)aboveitsyearagolevel.

BeforeexplainingtheconnectiontotheObamacare,itisworthmakinganimportant

distinction.Manypeoplewhoworkpart-timejobsactuallywantfull-timejobs.Theytake

part-timeworkbecausethisisalltheycanget.Anincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeworkis

evidenceofweaknessinthelabormarketanditmeansthatmanypeoplewillbehavingavery

hardtimemakingendsmeet.

Therewasanincreaseininvoluntarypart-timeinJune,butthegeneraldirectionhasbeen

down.Involuntarypart-timeemploymentisstillfarhigherthanbeforetherecession,butitis

downby640,000(7.9percent)fromitsyearagolevel.

Weknowthedifferencebetweenvoluntaryandinvoluntarypart-timeemploymentbecause

peopletellus.ThesurveyusedbytheLaborDepartmentaskspeopleiftheyworkedlessthan35

hoursinthereferenceweek.Iftheansweris"yes”,theyareclassifiedasworkingpart-time.The

surveythenaskswhethertheyworkedlessthan35hoursinthatweekbecausetheywantedto

worklessthanfulltimeorbecausetheyhadnochoice.Theyareonlyclassifiedasvoluntary

part-timeworkersiftheytellthesurveytakertheychosetoworklessthan35hoursaweek.

Theissueofvoluntarypart-timerelatestoObamacarebecauseoneofthemainpurposeswas

toallowpeopletogetinsuranceoutsideofemployment.Formanypeople,especiallythosewith

serioushealthconditionsorfamilymemberswithserioushealthconditions,beforeObamacarethe

onlywaytogetinsurancewasthroughajobthatprovidedhealthinsurance.

However,Obamacarehasallowedmorethan12millionpeopletoeithergetinsurance

throughMedicaidortheexchanges.Thesearepeoplewhomaypreviouslyhavefelttheneedto

getafull-timejobthatprovidedinsuranceinordertocoverthemselvesandtheirfamilies.With

Obamacarethereisnolongeralinkbetweenemploymentandinsurance.

36.Whichpartofthejobspicturewasneglected?

[A]Theprospectofathrivingjobmarket.

[B]Theincreaseofvoluntarypart-timejobs.

[C]Thepossibilityoffullemployment.

|D]Theaccelerationofjobcreation.

37.Manypeopleworkparttimebecausethey.

[A]preferparttimejobstofull-timejobs

[B]feelthatisenoughtomakeendsmeet

[C]cannotgettheirhandsonfull-timejobs

[D]haven'tseentheweaknessofthemarket

38.InvoluntaryparttimeemploymentintheUS.

[A]ishardertoacquirethanoneyearago

[B]showsageneraltendencyofdecline

[C]satisfiestherealneedofthejobless

[D]islowerthanbeforetherecession

39.ItcanbelearnedthatwithObamacare,.

[A]itisnolongereasyforpart-timerstogetinsurance

[B]employmentisnolongerapreconditiontogetinsurance

[C]itisstillchallengingtogetinsurancefbrfamilymembers

[D]fulltimeemploymentisstillessentialforinsurance

40.Thetextmainlydiscusses.

[A]employmentintheUS

|B]part-timerclassification

[C]insurancethroughMedicaid

[D]Obamacare*strouble

PartB

Directions:

Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheading

fromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraphs(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhich

youdonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)

[A]Youarenotalone

[B]Don'tfearresponsibilityforyourlife

[C]Paveyourownuniquepath

[D]Mostofyourfearsareunreal

[E]Thinkaboutthepresentmoment

[F]Experiencehelpsyougrow

[G]Therearemanythingstobegratefulfor

SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimes

Unfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.

Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.

Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyou

shouldrememberthattheywon'tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstanding

andrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustoward

futureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI'velearnedalong

theway.

41.______________________________

Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusby

signalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswith

ahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,"Tearisnotreal.Itisa

productofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisa

choice."Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.

42.______________________________

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocuson

thepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.You

mayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstances

youcannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.

Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.

Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbe

designedintothepresent.

43.______________________________

Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbe

easilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.

Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingabout

something.

44._________________________________

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalways

rememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantsto