、非謂語動(dòng)詞種類及句法功能

（一）概述：

在英語中，不作句子謂語，而具有除謂語外其他語法功能的動(dòng)詞，叫做非謂語動(dòng)詞。非

謂語動(dòng)詞有動(dòng)詞不定式（theInfinitive）；動(dòng)名詞（theGerund）；現(xiàn)在分詞（thePresent

Participle）；過去分詞（thePastParticiple）o

1.非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的相同點(diǎn)有：

（1）如果是及物動(dòng)詞都可與賓語連用，例如：

Theybuiltagarden.

Theysuggestedbuildingagarden.

（2）都可以被狀語修飾：

Thesuitfitshimverywell.

Thesuitusedtofithimverywell.

（3）都有主動(dòng)與被動(dòng)，“體”式（一般式；進(jìn)行式；完成式）的變化。例如：

Hewaspunishedbyhisparents.（謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)）

Heavoidedbeingpunishedbyhisparents.（動(dòng)名詞的被動(dòng)式）

Wehavewrittenthecomposition.（謂語動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)）

Havingwrittenthecomposition,wehandeditin.（現(xiàn)在分詞的完成式）

（4）都可以有邏輯主語

Theystartedtheworkatonce.（謂語動(dòng)詞的邏輯主語）

Thebossorderedthemtostartthework.（動(dòng)詞不定式的邏輯主語）

WeareLeaguemembers.（謂語動(dòng)詞的主語）

WebeingLeaguemember,theworkwaswelldone.

（現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語）

2、非謂語動(dòng)詞與謂語動(dòng)詞的不同點(diǎn)有：

（1）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有名詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞），在句中做主語、賓語、表語。

（2）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有形容詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中做定語、表語或賓語補(bǔ)

足語。

（3）非謂語動(dòng)詞可以有副詞作用（如動(dòng)詞不定式和分詞），在句中作狀語。

（二）非謂語動(dòng)詞的句法功能：

二、非謂語動(dòng)詞用法：

（一）動(dòng)詞不定式：（to）+do,具有名詞、形容詞、副詞的特征。

1.不定式的形式：（以動(dòng)詞write為例）

否定式：not+（to）do

（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)

作之后，

例如：

I'mgladtomeetyou.

Heseemstoknowalot.

Weplantopayavisit.

Hewantstobeanartist.

Thepatientaskedtobeoperatedonatonce.

Theteacherorderedtheworktobedone.

（2）進(jìn)行式：不定式的進(jìn)行式所表示的動(dòng)作與謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，例如：

Theboypretendedtobeworkinghard.

Heseemstobereadinginhisroom.

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前，例如：

Iregrettedtohavetoldalie.

Ihappenedtohaveseenthefilm.

Heispleasedtohavemethisfriend.

2.不定式的句法功能：

（1）作主語：

Tofinishtheworkintenminutesisveryhard.

Toloseyourheartmeansfailure.

動(dòng)詞不定式短語作主語時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，例如上面兩句可用如下形式：

Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.

Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.

（2）作表語：

Herjobistocleanthehall.

Heappearstohavecaughtacold.

（3）作賓語：

常與不定式做賓語連用的動(dòng)詞有：want,hope,wish,offer,fail,plan,learn,pretend,refuse,

manage,help,agree,promise,prefer,如果不定式（賓語）后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則用it作形式

賓語，真正的賓語（不

定式）后置，放在賓語補(bǔ)足語后面，例如：

MarxfounditimportanttostudythesituationinRussia.

動(dòng)詞不定式也可充當(dāng)介詞賓語，如：

Ihavenochoicebuttostayhere.

HedidnothinglastSundaybutrepairhisbike.

動(dòng)詞不定式前有時(shí)可與疑問詞連用，如：

HegaveussomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglish.

（4）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

在復(fù)合賓語中，動(dòng)詞不定式可充當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,如下動(dòng)詞常跟這種復(fù)合賓語:want,wish,

ask,tell,order;beg,permit,help,advise,persuade,allow,prepare,cause,force,callon,waitfor,

invite.

此外，介詞有時(shí)也與這種復(fù)合賓語連用，如：

Withalotofworktodo,hedidn'tgotothecinema.

有些動(dòng)詞如make,let,see,watch,hear,feel,have等與不帶有to的不定式連用，但改為被

動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式要加to,如：

Isawhimcrosstheroad.

Hewasseentocrosstheroad.

（5）作定語：

動(dòng)詞不定式作定語，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后。與所修飾名詞有如卜關(guān)系：

①動(dòng)賓關(guān)系：

Ihaveameetingtoattend.

注意：不定式為不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)，所修飾的名詞如果是地點(diǎn)、工具等，應(yīng)有必要的介詞，如：

Hefoundagoodhousetolivein.

Thechildhasnothingtoworryabout.

Whatdidyouopenitwith?

如果不定式修飾time,place,way,可以省略介詞：

Hehasnoplacetolive.

Thisisthebestwaytoworkoutthisproblem.

如果不定式所修飾名詞是不定式動(dòng)作承受者，不定式可用主動(dòng)式也可用被動(dòng)式:

Haveyougotanythingtosend?

Haveyougotanythingtobesent?

②說明所修飾名詞的內(nèi)容：

Wehavemadeaplantofinishthework.

③被修飾名詞是不定式邏輯主語：

Heisthefirsttogethere.

(6)作狀語：

①表目的：

Heworkeddayandnighttogetthemoney.

Shesoldherhairtobuythewatchchain.

注意不定式放句首時(shí)，邏輯主語與句子主語要一致：

wrong：Tosavemoney,everymeanshasbeentried.

right：Tosavemoney,hehastriedeverymeans.

wrong：TolearnEnglishwell,adictionaryisneeded.

right：TolearnEnglishwell,heneedsadictionary.

②表結(jié)果：

Hearrivedlatetofindthetraingone.

常用only放在不定式前表示強(qiáng)調(diào)：

Ivisitedhimonlytofindhimout.

③表原因：

Theywereverysadtohearthenews.

④表程度：

It'stoodarkforustoseeanything.

Thequestionissimpleforhimtoanswer.

(7)作獨(dú)立成分：

Totellyouthetruth,Idon'tlikethewayhetalked.

(8)不定式的省略：保留to省略do動(dòng)詞。

Ifyoudon'twanttodoit,youdon'tneedto.

(9)不定式的并列：第二個(gè)不定式可省略to。

Hewishedtostudymedicineandbecomeadoctor.

(-)動(dòng)名詞：

動(dòng)名詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。

1.動(dòng)名詞的形式：

否定式：not+動(dòng)名詞

(1)一般式：

Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。

(2)被動(dòng)式：

Hecametothepartywithoutbeinginvited.他未被邀請(qǐng)就來到了晚會(huì)。

（3）完成式：

Werememberedhavingseenthefilm.我們記得看過這部電影。

（4）完成被動(dòng)式：

HeforgothavingbeentakentoGuangzhouwhenhewasfiveyearsold.

他忘記五歲時(shí)曾被帶到廣州去過。

（5）否定式：not+動(dòng)名詞

Iregretnotfollowinghisadvice.我后悔沒聽他的勸告。

（6）復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：物主代詞（或名詞所有格）+動(dòng)名詞

Hesuggestedourtryingitonceagain.他建議我們?cè)僭囈淮巍?/p>

HisnotknowingEnglishtroubledhimalot.

他不懂英語給他帶來許多麻煩。

2.動(dòng)名詞的句法功能：

（1）作主語：

Readingaloudisveryhelpful.朗讀是很有好處的。

Collectingstampsisinteresting.集郵很有趣。

當(dāng)動(dòng)名詞短語作主語時(shí)常用it作形式主語。

It'snousequarrelling.爭(zhēng)吵是沒用的。

（2）作表語：

Intheantcity,thequeen'sjobislayingeggs.

在螞蟻王國(guó)，蟻后的工作是產(chǎn)卵。

（3）作賓語：

Theyhaven'tfinishedbuildingthedam.他們還沒有建好大壩。

Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.

我們必須阻止空氣被污染。

注意動(dòng)名詞既可作動(dòng)詞賓語也可作介詞賓語?，如上面兩個(gè)例句。此外，動(dòng)名詞作賓語時(shí),

若跟有賓語補(bǔ)足語，則常用形式賓語it,例如：

Wefounditnogoodmakingfunofothers.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)取笑他人不好。

要記住如下動(dòng)詞及短語只跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語：

enjoy,finish,suggest,avoid（避免）,excuse,delay,imagine,keep,miss,consider;admit（承

認(rèn)），deny（否以、）,mind,permit,forbid,practise,risk（冒險(xiǎn)），appreciate（感激）,bebusy,be

worth,feellike,can'tstand,can'thelp（情不自禁地），thinkof,dreamof,befondof,prevent---

（from）,keep??,from,stop***（from）,protect???from,setabout,beengagedin,spend，??（in）,

succeedin,beusedto,lookforwardto,objectto,payattentionto,insiston,feellike

（4）作定語：

Hecan'twalkwithoutawalking-stick.他沒有拐杖不能走路。

Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?你們學(xué)校有游泳池嗎？

（5）作同位語：

Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.那個(gè)山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密。

Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.

他收聽收音機(jī)新聞節(jié)目的習(xí)慣仍未改變。

（三）現(xiàn)在分詞：

現(xiàn)在分詞既具有動(dòng)詞的一些特征，又具有形容詞和副詞的句法功能。

1、現(xiàn)在分詞的形式：

否定式：not+現(xiàn)在分詞

（1）現(xiàn)在分詞的主動(dòng)語態(tài)：現(xiàn)在分詞主動(dòng)語態(tài)的一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)

發(fā)生，完成

式表示的動(dòng)作在謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前發(fā)生，常作狀語。例如：

Theywenttothepark,singingandtalking.他們邊唱邊說向公園走去。

Havingdonehishomework,heplayedbasket-ball.做完作業(yè)，他開始打籃球。

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)：一般式表示與謂語動(dòng)詞同時(shí)發(fā)生的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作，完成式表示發(fā)

生在謂語動(dòng)

詞之前的被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作。

Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.正在被討論的問題很重要。

Havingbeentoldmanytimes,thenaughtyboymadethesamemistake.

被告訴了好幾遍，這個(gè)淘氣的孩子又犯了同一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞的句法功能：

（1）作定語：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，當(dāng)分詞單獨(dú)做定語時(shí)，放在所修飾的名詞前；如果是分詞

短語做定語

放在名詞后。

Inthefollowingyearsheworkedevenharder.

在后來的幾年中，他學(xué)習(xí)更努力了。

Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.

正與老師談話的那個(gè)人是我們班長(zhǎng)的父親。

現(xiàn)在分詞作定語相當(dāng)于一?個(gè)定語從句的句法功能,如：inthefollowingyears也可用inthe

yearsthatfollowed;themanspeakingtotheteacher可改為themanwhoisspeakingtothe

teacher.

（2）現(xiàn)在分詞作表語：

Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.正在這家上演的電影很棒。

Thepresentsituationisinspiring,當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)鼓舞人心。

be+doing既可能表示現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，也可能是現(xiàn)在分詞做表語，它們的區(qū)別在于be+

doing表示進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作是進(jìn)行時(shí)，而表示特征時(shí)是系動(dòng)詞be與現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

（3）作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

如下動(dòng)詞后可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

see,watch,hear,feel,find,get,keep,notice,observe,listento,lookat,leave,catch等。例

如：

Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?你能聽見她在隔壁唱歌嗎？

Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他讓小汽車在門口等著。

（4）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語：

①作時(shí)間狀語：

（While）Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.

在工廠工作時(shí)，他是名先進(jìn)工人。

②作原因狀語：

BeingaLeaguemember,heisalwayshelpingothers.由于是共青團(tuán)員，他經(jīng)常幫助他人。

③作方式狀語，表示伴隨：

Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

④作條件狀語：

（If）Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.

要是整天玩，你就會(huì)浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間。

⑤作結(jié)果狀語：

Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces,他把杯子掉了，結(jié)果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的狀語：

Hewentswimmingtheotherday.兒天前他去游泳了。

⑦作讓步狀語：

Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.

雖然雨下得很大，但不久天就啃了。

⑧與邏輯主語構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格：

Iwaitingforthebus,abirdfellonmyheard.

我等汽車時(shí)，一只鳥落到我頭上。

Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout,theywentawaydisappointedly.

所有的票已經(jīng)賣光了，他們失望地離開了。

Timepermitting,we'lldoanothertwoexercises.

如果時(shí)間允許，我們將做另兩個(gè)練習(xí)。

有時(shí)也可用with（without）+名詞（代詞賓格）+分詞形式

Withthelightsburning,hefellasleep.他點(diǎn)著燈睡著了。

⑨作獨(dú)立成分：

udgingfrom（by）hisappearance,hemustbeanactor.

從外表看，他一定是個(gè)演員。

Generallyspeaking,girlsaremorecareful.-?般說來，女孩子更細(xì)心。

（四）過去分詞：

過去分詞只有?種形式：規(guī)則動(dòng)詞由動(dòng)詞原形加詞尾-ed構(gòu)成。不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過去分詞

沒有統(tǒng)一的規(guī)則要求，要一一記住。

過去分詞的句法功能：

1.過去分詞作定語：

OurclasswentonanorganizedtriplastMonday.上周?我們班開展了一次有組織的旅行。

Thoseelectedascommitteememberswillattendthemeeting.當(dāng)選為委員的人將出席這次會(huì)。

注意當(dāng)過去分詞是單詞時(shí)，一般用于名詞前，如果是過去分詞短語，就放在名詞的后面。

過去分詞做定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的定語從句。

2.過去分詞作表語：

Thewindowisbroken.窗戶破了。

Theywerefrightenedatthesadsight.他們對(duì)眼前悲慘的景象感到很害怕。

注意：be+過去分詞，如果表示狀態(tài)是系表結(jié)構(gòu)，如果表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。區(qū)別:

Thewindowisbroken.（系表）

Thewindowwasbrokenbytheboy.（被動(dòng)）

有些過去分詞是不及物動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的，不表示被動(dòng)，只表示完成。如：

boiledwater（開水）fallenleaves（落葉）

newlyarrivedgoods（新到的貨）therisensun（升起的太陽）

thechangedworld（變了的世界）

這類過去分詞有：gone,come,fallen,risen,changed,arrived,returned,passed等。

3.過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語：

Iheardthesongsungseveraltimeslastweek.

上周我聽見這首歌被唱了好幾次。

有時(shí)過去分詞做with短語中的賓語補(bǔ)足語：

Withtheworkdone,theywentouttoplay.工作做完了,他們出去玩去了。

4.過去分詞作狀語：

Praisedbytheneighbours,hebecametheprideofhisparents.

受到鄰居們的表揚(yáng)，他成為父母的驕傲。（表示原因）

Onceseen,itcanneverbeforgotten.

一旦它被看見，人們就忘不了。（表示時(shí)間）

Givenmoretime,I'llbeabletodoitbetter.

如果給予更多的時(shí)間，我能做得更好。（表示條件）

Thoughtoldofthedanger,hestillriskedhislife

1.（2011全國(guó)卷,27）Thenextthinghesawwassmokefrombehindthehouse.

A.roseB.risingC.toriseD.risen

2.（2011全國(guó)卷11,15）Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.

A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined

3.（2011全國(guó)卷11,18）Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.

A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying

4.（2011北京卷,25）ltzsimportantforthefiguresregularly.

A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated

5.（2011北京卷,33）Sitdown,Emma.Youwillonlymakeyourselfmoretired,onyou

feet.

A.tokeepB.keepingC.havingkeptD.tohavekept

6.（2011天津卷,7）Passeagersarepermittedonlyonepieceofhandluggageonto

theplane.

A.tocarryB.carryingC.tobecarriedD.beingcarried

7.（2011天津卷,12）intoEnglish,thesentencewasfoundtohaveanentirelydifferent

wordorder.

A.TranslatingB.TranslatedC.TotranslateD.Havingtranslated

8.（2011上海春招,34）Mikefoundhismissingcarinthestreetoutsidehishouse,newly

cleanedandpolished.

A.lookedB.tolookC.lookingD.tobelooking

9.（2011上海春招,36）in1955,DisneylandinCaliforniaisregardedbymanyasthe

originalfunpark.

A.OpenedB.HavingopenedC.OpeningD.Beingopened

10.（2011上海春招,40）HarrisonFordisthoughttobeoneofthefewmoviestarsasa

carpenterbefore.A.toworkB.tobeworkingC.tohaveworkedD.to

havebeenworking

11.（2011山東卷,27）Lookoverthere—there#saverylong,windingpathuptothehouse.

A.leadingB.leadsC.ledD.tolead

12.（2011江蘇卷,31）Recentlyasurveypricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferent

supermarketshascausedheateddebateamongcitizens.

A.comparedB.comparingC.comparesD.beingcompared

13.（2011福建卷,23）TsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberof

outstandingfigures.

A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded

14.（2011福建卷,27）Thedifferenceinthicknessandweightfromtheearlierversionmakesthe

iPad2morecomfortable.

A.heldB.holdingC.beheldD.tohold

15.（2011安徽卷,30）Tomaskedthecandymakersiftheycouldmakethechocolateeasier_

intosmallpieces.

A.breakB.breakingC.brokenD.tobreak

16.（2011浙江卷,3）Batsaresurprsinglylong-livedcreatures,somealifespanof

around20years.

A.havingBhadC.haveD.tohave

17.（2011浙江卷,14）Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselvesforwords.

A.loseB.lostC.toloseD.havinglost

18.（2011浙江卷,19）Iftheywinthefinaltonight,theteamaregoingtotouraroundthe

citybytheirenthusiasticsupporters.

A.beingcheeredB.becheeresdC.tobecheeredD.werecheered

19.（2011四川卷,2）Ladexdoes'tfeellikeabroad.Herparentsareold.

A.studyB.studyingC.studiedD.tostudy

20.（2011四〃|卷,11）Simonmadeabigbambooboxthelittlesickbirdtillitcould

fly-

A.keepB.keptC.keepingD.tokeep

21.（2011四川卷,16）animportantroleinanewmovie,Andyhasachanceto

becomefamous.

A.OfferB.OfferingC.OfferedD.Tooffer

22.（2011重慶卷,29）MoreTVprograms,accordingtogovernmentofficials,willbeproduced

people/sconcernoverfoodsafety.

A.toraiseB.raisingC.tohaveraisedD.havingraised

23.（2011重慶卷,33）MichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimself

ofhisowndreams.

A.remindingB.toremindC.remindedD.remind

24.（2011陜西卷,14）Clairehadherluggageanhourbeforeherplaneleft.

A.checkB.checkingC.tocheckD.checked

25.（2011陜西卷,20）MorehighwayshavebeenbuiltinChina,itmucheasierfor

peopletotravelformoneplacetoanother.

A.makingB.madeC.tomakeD.havingmade

26.（2011湖南卷,21）Theabilityanideaisasimportantastheideaitself

AexpressingBexpressedCtoexpressDtobeexpressed

27.（2011湖南卷,23）Theplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedto

bringushonorinthissummergame.

AselectingBtoselectCselectedDhavingselected

28.（2011湖南卷,29）Doyouwakeupeverymorningenergeticandreadytostart

anewday?

A.feelB.tofeelC.feelingD.felt

29.（2011遼寧卷,30）aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.

A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering

30.（2011江西卷32）Onreceivingaphonecallfromhiswifeshehadafall,Mr.Gorden

immediatelyrushedhomefromhisoffice.

A.saysB.saidC.sayingD.tosay

31.（2011遼寧卷,23）Twentvstudentswanttoattendtheclassthataimstoteachtoread

fast.

A.whatB.whoC.howD.why

（2004廣東）32.theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.

A.NotcompletingB.NotcompletedC.NothavingcompletedD.Havingnotcompleted

（2004天津）33.Don'tleavethewaterwhileyoubrushyourteeth.

A.runB.runningC.beingrunD.torun

（2004浙江）34.LindaworkedfortheMinnesotaManufacturingandMiningCompany,

as3M.

A.knowingB.knownC.beingknownD.tobeknown

（04全國(guó)lll）35.ReadingisanexperiencequitedifferentfromwatchingTV;thereare

picturesinyourmindinsteadofbeforeyoureyes.A.toformB.formC.formingD.

havingformed

（04全國(guó)ll）36.Whenfirsttothemarket,theseproductsenjoyedgreatsuccess.

A.introducingB.introducedC.introduceD.beingintroduced

（04全國(guó)11）37."Wecan'tgooutinthisweather,"saidBob,outofthewindow.

A.lookingB.tolookC.lookedD.havinglooked

（04全國(guó)IV）38.ltshamesmetosayit,butItoldaliewhenatthemeetingbymyboss.

A.questioningB.havingquestionedC.questionedD.tobequestioned

（04全國(guó)IV）39.Alicereturnedfromthemanager'soffice,methatthebosswantedto

seemeatonce.

A.havingtoldB.tellsC.totellD.telling

（04遼寧）40.1don'tknowwhetheryouhappen,butI'mgoingtostudyintheU.S.A,this

September.

A.tobeheardB.tobehearingC.tohearD.tohaveheard

（04江蘇）41?Theoldman,abroadfortwentyyears,isonthewaybacktohis

motherland.

A.toworkB.workingC.tohaveworkedD.havingworked

（04北京）42.inthequeueforhalfanhour,Tomsuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthis

walletathome.

A.TowaitB.HavewaitedC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited

（04福建）43.Havingbeenillinbedfornearlyamonth,hehadahardtimetheexam.

A.passB.topassC.passedD.passing

（04遼寧）44.bythebeautyofnature,thegirlfromLondondecidedtospendanother

twodaysonthefarm.A.AttractingB.AttractedC.TobeattractedD.Havingattracted

（04上海）45.Thefluisbelievedbyvirusesthatliketoreproduceinthecellsinsidethe

humannoseandthroat.A.causingB.beingcausedC.tobecausedD.tohavecaused

（04上海）46.Theflowerssweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeauty

ofnature.

A.tosmellB.smellingC.smeltD.tobesmelt

47.Theglassdoorshavetakentheplaceofthewoodenonesattheentrance,inthe

naturallightduringtheday.[2007天津卷]

A.toletB.lettingC.letD.havinglet

48.ThechildrentalkedsoloudlyatdinnertablethatIhadtostruggle[2007浙江卷]

A.tobeheardB.tohaveheardC.hearingD.beingheard

49.byagreaterdemandofvegetables,farmershavebuiltmoregreenhouses.[2007

浙江卷]

A.DrivenB.BeingdrivenC.TodriveD.Havingdriven

50.Thechildrenwenthomefromthegrammarschool,theirlessonsfortheday.[2007

重慶卷]

A.finishingB.finishedC.hadfinishedD.werefinished

51.ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtheworld

recordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.[2007遼寧卷]

A.breakingB.havingbrokenC.tohavebrokenD.break

52.Youcan'timaginewhatdifficultywehadhomeinthesnowstorm.[2007遼寧卷]

A.walkedB.walkC.towalkD.walking

53.inthefieldsonaMarchafternoon,hecouldfeelthewarmthofspring.

A.Towalk.B.WalkingC.WalkedD.Havingwalked

54.___thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe'dlikethatlittledollonherbed.

A.SeeingB.ToseeC.SeeD.Seen

55.-Didthebookgivetheinformationyouneeded?-Yes.Butit,Ihadtoreadtheentire

book.

A.tofindB.findC.tofindingD.finding

56.1feelgreatlyhonoredintotheirsociety.

A.towelcomeB.welcomingC.tobewelcomedD.welcomed

57.inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthecheque

inthecar.

A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingWaitedD.Tohavewaited

58.-Whoshouldberesponsiblefortheaccident?

-Theboss,nottheworkers.Theyjustcarriedouttheorder.

A.astoldB.asaretoldC.astellingD.astheytold

59.thewebsiteoftheFireDepartmentinyourcity,andyouwilllearnalotabout

firefighting.

A.HavingsearchedB.TosearchC.SearchingD.Search

60.Thetrees_inthestormhavebeenmovedofftheroad.

A.beingblowndownB.blowndownC.blowingdownDtoblowdown

61.theprojectasplanned,we'llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.

A.CompletingB.CompleteC.CompletedD.tocomplete

62、（山東26）,Georgereturnedafterthewar,onlythathiswifehadlefthim.

A.tobetoldB.tellingC.beingtoldD.told

63、（江西33）,Havingfinishedherproject,shewasinvitedbytheschooltothenew

students.

A.speakingB.havingspokenC.tospeakD.tohavespoken

64、（江西35）,Johnhasreallygotthejobbecauseheshowedmetheofficialletterhim

A.offeredB.offeringC.toofferD.tobeoffered

65、（遼寧25）.Theoldcoupleoftentakeawalkaftersuperintheparkwiththeirpetdog.

A.tofollowB.followingC.followedD.follows

66、（四〃|12.）Beforedrivingintothecity,youarerequiredtogetyourcar.

A.washedB.washC.washingD.towash

67>（浙江8）.IthinkTom,astheheadofabigdepartment,shouldeitherstudyregularlyor

hisjob.

A.quitsB.toquitC.quittingD.quit

68、（浙江11）."It'ssuchaniceplace/Mothersaidasshesatatthetableforcustomers.

A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved

69、（江蘇31）.animportantdecisionmoreonemotionthanonreason,youwillregret

itsoonerorlater.

A.BasedB.BasingC.BaseD.Tobase

70.（2013新課標(biāo)1）Thedriverwantedtoparkhiscarneartheroadsidebutwasaskedbythe

police.

A.nottodoB.nottoC.notdoD.donot

71.（2013新課標(biāo)1）Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,hard-edgedshadowsonthe

ground.

A.throwingB.beingthrownC.tothrowD.tobethrown

72.（2013新課標(biāo)卷2）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,the7:30trainfrom

Paddington

A.caughtB.tohavecaughtC.tocatchD.havingcaught

73.（2013安徽卷）intheearly20thcentury,theschoolkeepsoninspiringchildren's

loveofart.

A.TofoundB.FoundingC.FoundedD.Havingfounded

74.（2013湖南卷）Thesunbegantoriseinthesky,themountainingoldenlight.

A.bathedB.bathingC.tohavebathedD.havebathed

75.（2013湖南卷）Youcannotacceptanopiniontoyouunlessitisbasedonfacts.

A.offeringB.toofferC.havingofferedD.offered

76.（2013湖南卷）Everydayaproverbaloudseveraltimesuntilyouhaveit

memorized.

A.readB.readingC.toreadD.reads

77.（2013湖南卷）warmatnight,Iwouldfillthewoodstove,thensetmyalarmclock

formidnightsoIcouldrefillit.

A.StayingB.StayedC.TostayD.Stay

78.（2013湖南卷）—Idon'tunderstandwhyyoudidn'tgotothelectureyesterdayafternoon.

-Iamsosorry,butImyhomework.

A.haddoneB.wasdoingC.woulddoD.amdoing

79.（2013；工西卷）Iftolookafterluggageforsomeoneelse,informthepoliceatonce.

A.askedB.toaskC.askingD.havingasked

80.（2013重慶卷）WhenIwaslittle,mymotherusedtositbymybed,__mestoriestillIfell

asleep,

A.havingtoldB.tellingC.toldD.totell

81.（2013重慶卷）Theenginejustwon'tstart.Somethingseems__wrongwithit.

A.togoB.tohavegoneC.goingD.havinggone

82.（2013山東卷）Theroomisemptyexceptforabookshelfinonecorner.

A.standingB.tostandC.standsD.stood

83.（2013山東卷）IstoppedthecarashortbreakasIwasfeelingtired.

A.takeB.takingC.totakeD.taken

84.（2013山東卷）atthecafeteriabefore,Tinadidn'twanttoeatthereagain.

A.HavingeatenB.ToeatC.EatD.Eating

85.（2013陜西卷）Letthoseinneedthatwewillgoallouttohelpthem.

A.tounderstandB.understandC.understandingD.understood

86（2013陜西卷）Thewitnessesbythepolicejustnowgaveverydifferentdescriptions

ofthefight.

A.questionedB.beingquestionedC.tobequestionedD.having

questioned

87.（2013全國(guó)卷大綱版）Igottotheofficeearlierthatday,the7:30trainfrom

Paddington

A.caughtB.tohavecaughtC.tocatchD.havingcaught

88.（2013遼寧卷）LaurawasawayinParisforoveraweek.Whenshegothome,therewasa

pileofmailforher.

A.waitedB.towaitC.waitingD.waswaiting

89.（2013江蘇卷）LionelMessi,therecordforthemostgoalsinacalendaryear,is

consideredthemosttalentedfootballplayerinEurope.

A.setB.settingC.tosetD.having

set

90（2013江蘇卷）Shortlyaftersufferingfromamassiveearthquakeandtoruins,the

citytookonanewlook.

A.reducingB.reducedC.beingreducedD.having

reduced

91.（2013北京卷）Volunteeringgivesyouachancelives,includingyourown.

A.changeB.changingC.changedD.to

change

92（2013北京卷）thecourseverydifficult,shedecidedtomovetoalowerlevel.

A.FindB.FindingC.TofindD.

Found

93（2013北京卷）Whenwesawtheroadwithsnow,wedecidedtospendtheholiday

athome.

A.blockB.toblockC.blockingD.blocked

94.（2013浙:工卷）Therearesomehealthproblemsthat,when_intime,canbecomebigger

oneslateron.

A.nottreatedB.notbeingtreatedC.nottobetreatedD.nothave

beentreated

95.（2013四川卷）whichuniversitytoattend,thegirlaskedherteacherforadvice.

A.NotknowingB.KnowingnotC.NotknownD.Known

not

96.（2013四川卷）Theairportnextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.

A.beingcompletedB.tobecompletedC.completedD.having

beencompleted

97.（2013天津卷）Insomelanguages,100wordsmakeuphalfofallwordsindaily

conversations.

A.usingB.touseC.havingusedD.used

98.（2013福建卷）basicfirst-aidtechniqueswillhelpyourespondquicklytoemergencies.

A.KnownB.HavingknownC.KnowingD.Being

known

99.（2013福建卷）Anyone,oncepositiveforH7N9fluvirus,willreceivefreemedical

treatmentfromourgovernment.

A.tobetest