專題十二介詞和動詞短語高考英語

(山東專用)A組

2017—2019年高考模擬·考點(diǎn)基礎(chǔ)題組題組一介詞1.(2019山東鄒城高三質(zhì)檢,67)Overthepastdecade,aglobalpushtoreducehungerandextreme

povertyhasmarkedsomesignificantsuccesses,partlythanks

theeffortsofmanyinterna-

tionalorganizations.三年模擬答案tothanksto幸虧,由于。2.(2019北京海淀期末,1)Itisfullofculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))andfamous

itsnatural

scenery.答案forbefamousfor因……而出名。3.(2019浙江金華十校模擬,61)

thehelpofneighbors,theseniormanmadeaPeppamodel

withironandsteel.答案Withwiththehelpofsb.表示“在某人的幫助下”。題組二動詞短語1.(2019山東泰安3月一模,67)Peopleonsocialmediapointed

thatGPSsystemswouldbe

confusedbythefivedifferentlayersofroad.答案out考查動詞短語。pointout指出,后面可跟that從句。2.(2019山東榮成六中檢測,70)Andtheimaginarycharacterdoesnotonlyappeal

females.答案to句意:這一虛構(gòu)的人物不僅對女性有吸引力。appealto吸引。3.(2019山東濟(jì)寧北大培文實(shí)驗(yàn)學(xué)校期中,67)ShesaidhernamewasMissBaiandkindlyoffered

toshowme

thecity.答案around句意:她說她是白小姐。她很熱心,主動領(lǐng)我參觀了這座城市。showsb.

around領(lǐng)某人參觀。4.(2019山東濟(jì)寧微山二中期中,61)Weusedtothinkthatcomfortingotherswasanabilitythaton-

lybelongs

humans.答案to句意:我們過去認(rèn)為安慰別人是一種只屬于人類的能力。belongto屬于。5.(2018山東青島高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)檢,66)Afterturning

alloftheirelectronicdevices,recharj

customersliedowninso-called“powernapcocoons”.答案off考查動詞短語。此處表示關(guān)掉他們所有的電子設(shè)備。turnoff關(guān)掉。6.(2018山東煙臺高考診斷,65)Birds,whales,turtlesandotheranimalsoftenmistakeballoons

food,whichcandodamagetothembecauseballoonscontainharmfulchemicals.答案for考查動詞短語。mistake...for...意為“把……錯(cuò)當(dāng)成……”。B組

2017—2019年高考模擬·專題綜合題組題組一介詞1.(2019山東青島二中期末,62)Isaidhello

him,smilingsweetlyandthenIsuddenly

thought,“Whynotofferhimapieceofchocolate?”答案to考查介詞。sayhellotosb.向某人問好。2.(2019北京海淀一模,5)However,thereisoneupsideofgoingtoschool

acoldwinter

day.答案on當(dāng)表示在具體某一天時(shí)用介詞on。3.(2019北京順義二模,3)Soitcangointoverysmallspaces.Anoctopusweighingabout230gcan

pass

a2.5cm-widehole.答案through從立體的空間里穿過用介詞through。4.(2019浙江寧波4月模擬,58)ThosestudentswithtopgradescanapplyfordirectentryintoBirm-

inghamdegreeprogrammes

firstcompletingafoundationyear.答案without此處表示“不用”,故填without。5.(2019山東安丘市、諸城市、五蓮縣、蘭山區(qū)4月模擬,66)Hestudiedforonemoreyearinthe

UniversityofParisinFrance,andhedidn'treturntoChina

1938.答案untilnot...until...直到……才……。題組二動詞短語1.(2019山東師大附中五模,70)Anditoftenserves

abridgeforcommunication.答案as考查動詞短語。serveas充當(dāng),作為。2.(2019山東濟(jì)寧5月二模,63)Sexistattitudes,includingparents'tendencytoteachnumericalcon-

ceptstotheirsonsratherthantheirdaughters,maypartlyaccount

thisgendergap.答案foraccountfor是……的原因。3.(2019北京西城一模,2)Guesswhat?Thechickenwasnotcooked!Istartedtolaugh.Iforgotto

turn

theoven!答案on由前面的notcooked可知,此處表示“忘了打開烤箱的開關(guān)了”,故填on。turnon打

開。C組

2017—2019年高考模擬·應(yīng)用創(chuàng)新題組Passage1Workinginanothercountrycanbeagreatwayofbroadeningyourhorizons.Itisimportanttore-

memberfromthestart,however,thatfindingajobinanothercountrywillrequiredetermination

andcarefulthoughtandplanning

1

advance.IfyouhavemadethedecisionthatyouwanttoworkoutsidetheEU,youwillhavetotakeaccount

2

someimportantissuesyoumaynothavetoconsiderwhenintheEU.Forexample,youmay

requireaworkvisaorworkpermit

3

workinginyourchosencountry.Itisalsousefultobear

otherdifferences

4

mind,suchaslanguage,cultureandclimate.Onceyouhavedecidedona

particularcountry,youshouldresearchtheworkopportunitiesandpossibilitiestofindoutwhether

youwillrequireaworkvisaorworkpermit.Youcancheckallthisinformationthoroughlyinad-

vancebygettingintouch

5

theembassyofthecountrywhereyouwillbetravelling.Youcan

checktheInternetandthelocalpapersforinformationaboutjobsandmodation.Ifyouhave

anopportunityforthefurthereducation,youcanfindoutifyourqualificationswillberecognizedabroad.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文。介紹了到國外工作之前需要注意的事情。1.in考查介詞短語。inadvance提前。2.of考查動詞短語。takeaccountof意為“考慮”。3.before考查邏輯關(guān)系和介詞。綜合分析整句話的意思,此處應(yīng)該表示“在選擇的國家工作

之前要取得工作簽證”,故用介詞before。4.in考查動詞短語。bear...inmind記住。5.with考查動詞短語。getintouchwith與……取得聯(lián)系。Passage2TheteacultureofChinaisamazingandhasalonghistory.Teadrinkinghadbeenwidespreadin

Chinaforaboutonethousandyears1

appearinginEurope.TeadrinkingenjoyswidepopularityinChina.However,teadrinkingisverycomplex.Manyfac-

torscontribute2

anenjoyableexperience.Itstartswiththesurroundings.Inthepast,teadrink-

ingtookplaceinasettingwhere“springwaterrunsonmarble”.Atpresent,inordertocreate

suchanatmosphere,teahousesaredecorated3

traditionalpaintingsandfurniture.Besides,

thereisalwaysaperformanceofatraditionalChinesemusicalinstrument.Waterused4

teaal-

somatters.Intheolddays,snowwaterwasregarded5

thebest.Todayfewpeoplecollect

snowbecause6

pollutionandwhatmostpeopleuseisbottledwater.Blacktea,togetherwith

greentea,oolongteaandpu'ertearanks7

themostpopulartea.Thefirstthreetypesofteaare

processedusingsimilarmethodsbutpu'erteausesatotallydifferentmethod.答案[語篇解讀]本文是一篇說明文,介紹了中國的茶文化。1.before考查介詞。在飲茶出現(xiàn)在歐洲之前,它已經(jīng)在中國廣泛流傳了大約一千年。文章開

頭提到中國的茶文化有悠久的歷史,本句進(jìn)一步證明了這一點(diǎn),所以設(shè)空處應(yīng)填before“在…

…之前”。2.to考查動詞短語。contributeto促成。3.with考查動詞短語。bedecoratedwith...用……裝飾。4.for考查動詞短語。beusedfor...被用來……。此處是過去分詞短語作后置定語。5.as考查動詞短語。beregardedas...被認(rèn)為是……。6.of考查介詞短語。設(shè)空處后為名詞pollution,故前面應(yīng)用of。becauseof因?yàn)椤?.among考查介詞。rankamong表示“屬于……之列”。題組一介詞1.(2019江蘇,27)Favorablepoliciesare

effecttoencourageemployees'professionaldevel-

opment.歷年高考試題匯編答案in句意:為了鼓勵(lì)員工的職業(yè)發(fā)展,一些有利的政策開始生效。ineffect生效。2.(2018北京,14)—Goodmorning,Mr.Lee'soffice.—Goodmorning.I'dliketomakeanappointment

nextWednesdayafternoon.答案for句意:——早上好,這里是Lee先生的辦公室?！缟虾?我想預(yù)約下周三下午的

見面。本題考查介詞的基本用法。appointmentfor...在此處表示“……的預(yù)約”。3.(2018江蘇,33)China'ssoftpowergrowsinline

theincreasingappreciationandunder-

standingofChinaglobally.答案with句意:中國軟實(shí)力的增長是與全球?qū)χ袊粩嘣鲩L的欣賞和理解緊密相連的。

考查介詞短語。inlinewith為固定短語,意為:與……緊密相連。4.(2017北京,35)Manypeoplewholivealongthecoastmakealiving

fishingindustry.答案in句意:很多居住在沿海的人都以捕魚業(yè)謀生。本題考查介詞。in表示“從事或影

響某種工作”,符合語境。5.(2017天津,12)WhenyoudrivethroughtheRedwoodForestsinCalifornia,youwillbe

treesthatareover1,000yearsold.答案among句意:當(dāng)你開車穿越加利福尼亞州的紅杉林時(shí),你會置身于壽命超過一千年的

樹木之中。設(shè)空處應(yīng)該用介詞表示“在三者或三者以上……之中”,故用among。6.(2017天津,13)Weofferanexcellenteducationtoourstudents.

return,weexpectstudents

toworkhard.答案In句意:我們向我們的學(xué)生提供優(yōu)質(zhì)的教育,作為回報(bào),我們希望學(xué)生能夠努力學(xué)習(xí)。

考查介詞。inreturn意為“作為回報(bào),作為報(bào)答”。7.(2017江蘇,32)Determiningwhereweareinrelation

oursurroundingsremainsanessen-

tialskillforoursurvival.答案to句意:通過對比我們周圍的環(huán)境來確定我們的位置仍然是我們生存的重要技能。

本題考查介詞短語。inrelationto“相對某事物而言”,符合語境,故此處填to。8.(2016浙江,6)Thatyoungmanishonest,cooperative,alwaystherewhenyouneedhishelp.

short,he'sreliable.答案In句意:那個(gè)年輕人誠實(shí)且有合作精神,當(dāng)你需要他幫忙的時(shí)候,他總是在那兒。簡言

之,他是值得信賴的。inshort簡言之。9.(2016浙江,7)Thestudysuggeststhatthecultureswegrowup

influencethebasicpro-

cessesbywhichweseetheworldaroundus.答案in句意:這項(xiàng)研究表明我們成長的文化影響我們看待周圍世界的基本環(huán)節(jié)。本句采

用定語從句的形式考查介詞?！皐egrowup

”為定語從句,先行詞為thecultures,將先

行詞代入定語從句后為:Wegrowup

thecultures.故設(shè)空處填介詞in。10.(2015浙江,10)Mostpeopleworkbecauseit'sunavoidable.

contrast,therearesomepeo-

plewhoactuallyenjoywork.答案By句意:大多數(shù)人工作是因?yàn)槟鞘遣豢杀苊獾?相比之下,還有一些人是真的喜歡工

作。bycontrast相比之下,對比而言。11.(2015浙江,17)Thesecommentscameinresponse

specificquestionsoftenaskedbylocal

newsmen.答案to句意:對于當(dāng)?shù)匦侣動浾叱３柶鸬奶囟▎栴},這些評論正好作出了回復(fù)。inre-

sponseto作為對……的回應(yīng)。12.(2015浙江,3)Haveyoueverheardofthetreesthatarehome

animalsbothonlandand

sea?答案to句意:你聽說過成為在陸地上和海里的動物的棲息地的樹嗎?behometo為固定搭

配,意為:是……的棲息地。13.(2015重慶,10)Lastyearwasthewarmestyearonrecord,withglobaltemperature0.68℃

theaverage.答案above句意:去年是有記錄以來最溫暖的一年,全球氣溫超過了平均氣溫0.68攝氏度。

根據(jù)語境可知此處表示“在……之上,高于”,所以要用介詞above。14.(2015江蘇,34)Manyofthethingswenowbenefitfromwouldnotbearoundbut

ThomasEdison.答案for句意:要不是ThomasEdison,許多現(xiàn)在讓我們獲益的東西都不會存在。根據(jù)句意

和該句中的虛擬語氣可知答案為for。butfor要不是。15.(2015安徽,33)Theybelievethattherearetransportdevelopments

thecornerthatwill

bringalotofchangesforthebetter.答案around句意:他們相信交通的發(fā)展就要到來了,這將會帶來很多更好的變化。around

thecorner就要到來。16.(2015福建,22)Acommonmemorytheyallhave

theirschooldaysistheschooluniform.答案of句意:他們對于他們學(xué)生時(shí)代的共同記憶是校服。本句包含一個(gè)定語從句“they

allhave

theirschooldays”,將先行詞memory代入定語從句后為:Theyallhaveacommon

memory

theirschooldays.由此可見設(shè)空處填of。of可用于說明動作的名詞之后,表示動

作的對象。17.(2015福建,32)Humanlifeisregardedaspartofnatureand,assuch,theonlywayforustosur-

viveistoliveinharmony

nature.答案with句意:人類生活被認(rèn)為是大自然的一部分,嚴(yán)格說來,我們生存的唯一方式是與大

自然和睦相處。inharmonywith與……協(xié)調(diào)。18.(2015湖北,30)Thismeetingroomisanon-smokingarea.Iwouldliketowarnyou

ad-

vancethatifyousmokedhereyouwouldbefined.答案in句意:這間會議室是無煙區(qū)。我想事先提醒你如果在這兒吸煙的話你會被罰款

的。inadvance提前,事先。19.(2015陜西,12)Thelittlepupiltookhisgrandma

thearmandwalkedheracrossthe

street.答案by句意:那個(gè)小學(xué)生挽著奶奶的手臂帶她過了馬路。takesb.bythearm“挽著某人的

手臂”。此處的by表示“抓著(物體或身體的某個(gè)部位)”。20.(2014重慶,7)Shedrovesofastattheturnthatthecaralmostwent

theroad.答案off句意:她在轉(zhuǎn)彎處開得如此快,以至于車差點(diǎn)偏離公路。off離開,偏離。21.(2014福建,22)Ourclubisopentoeveryoneregardless

age,sexoreducationalback-

ground.答案of句意:我們的俱樂部對所有人開放,不分年齡、性別和教育背景。regardlessof不管,

不顧。22.(2014浙江,10)Whilestayinginthevillage,Jamesunselfishlysharedwhateverhehadwiththe

villagerswithoutaskingforanything

return.答案in句意:在村莊停留期間,James無私地和村民分享他所擁有的一切,不要求任何回

報(bào)。23.(2014浙江,12)Facinguptoyourproblemsinstead

runningawayfromthemisthebest

approachtoworkingthingsout.答案of句意:面對你的問題而不是逃避它們才是解決問題的最好辦法。insteadof而不

是。24.(2014陜西,14)TheScottishgirl

blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeech

Contest.答案with句意:在第五屆漢語演講比賽中,那位有著一雙藍(lán)色眼睛的蘇格蘭姑娘獲得了一

等獎(jiǎng)。with表示“具有”。25.(2014江西,33)ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife

hisgreatwealth.答案despite句意:令人難以置信的是,盡管很富有,Lucas先生過著簡樸的生活。despite盡

管。題組二動詞短語1.(2019江蘇,24)Morewindpowerstationswillspring

tomeetthedemandforcleanenergy.答案up句意:為了滿足對清潔能源的需求,更多的風(fēng)力發(fā)電站將會迅速出現(xiàn)。springup迅

速出現(xiàn);突然興起。2.(2018天津,3)AtfirstRobertwouldn'tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhegave

asshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.答案in句意:起初羅伯特不讓他女兒去潛水,但他最終還是妥協(xié)了,因?yàn)樗龑ψ约旱?潛水)

技能很自信。本題考查動詞短語。givein屈服;讓步;投降。3.(2018江蘇,25)DevelopingtheYangtzeRiverEconomicBeltisasystematicprojectwhichcalls

aclearroadmapandtimetable.答案for句意:開發(fā)長江經(jīng)濟(jì)帶是一個(gè)系統(tǒng)化的工程,這項(xiàng)工程需要一個(gè)清晰的路線圖和時(shí)

間表?？疾閯釉~短語。callfor需要;要求。4.(2017江蘇,25)WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahasbrought

thebestinherasa

doctor.答案out句意:在非洲醫(yī)療隊(duì)的工作讓她作為醫(yī)生的才能得到了最大限度的發(fā)揮。本題考

查動詞短語。bringout意為“使顯現(xiàn),使表現(xiàn)出”。5.(2016天津,8)Marywassilentduringtheearlypartofthediscussionbutfinallyshegavevoice

heropiniononthesubject.答案to

句意:在討論的前期瑪麗一言不發(fā),但最后她就這個(gè)話題發(fā)表了意見。givevoiceto

表露心聲,表白心跡。6.(2016天津,12)I'mgoingtotakeadvantage

thistourtoexplorethehistoryofthecastle.答案of句意:我打算利用這次旅行去探索那座城堡的歷史。takeadvantageof利用。7.(2016浙江,12)Whentheirchildrenlivedfarawayfromthem,theseoldpeoplefeltcut

fromtheworld.答案off句意:當(dāng)孩子們住得離這些老人遠(yuǎn)時(shí),他們就覺得與世隔絕。cutoff使……與外界

隔絕。8.(2016江蘇,30)Manybusinessesstartedupbycollegestudentshavetaken

thankstothe

comfortableclimateforbusinesscreation.答案off句意:多虧寬松的創(chuàng)業(yè)環(huán)境,很多大學(xué)生創(chuàng)辦的公司都已經(jīng)取得成功了。takeoff成

功,起飛。9.(2015江蘇,27)Theuniversitystartedsomenewlanguageprogramstocater

thecountry's

SilkRoadEconomicBelt.答案for句意:這所大學(xué)開設(shè)了一些新的語言課程來滿足該國絲綢之路經(jīng)濟(jì)帶的需要。

caterfor滿足……的需要。10.(2015江蘇,29)Thewholeteamcount

CristianoRonaldo,andheseldomletsthemdown.答案on句意:整個(gè)隊(duì)都指望著CristianoRonaldo,他很少讓他們失望。counton意為:指望,

依賴。11.(2015天津,10)Tomhadtoturn

theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewas

toobusy.答案down句意:因?yàn)樘α?上周末湯姆不得不拒絕了參加聚會的邀請。turndown(=

refuse)拒絕。12.(2015浙江,11)Wetendtohaveabettermemoryforthingsthatexciteoursensesorappeal

ouremotionsthanforstraightfacts.答案to句意:相比于直接事實(shí)而言,我們更傾向于記住那些令我們的感官興奮和對我們的

情緒有感染力的事物。appealto對……有感染力。13