-

PAGE

10

-

CloudComputingTechnologyandDigitalLibrary

Abstract:Asarapidlydevelopingnewinformationtechnologies,Cloudcomputinghasbeenappliedinmanyfieldsathomeandabroad，itwillalsohelptheconstructionanddevelopmentoftheDigitalLibrarybringingtheimpactwhichcannotbeignored.Onthebasisofintroducingtheprincipleofcloudcomputing,discusstheinfluenceofCloudcomputingontheUniversityDigitalLibraryandsomeproblemswhichshouldbepayattentionto。Thearticlefirstlyanalyzestheconceptofcloudcomputing，theconceptanddifficultiesofdigitallibrary，andthecloudontheDigitalLibraryfromtheinformationresources，informationusers,informationworkersandinformationfacilities.Intheend，itprospectsthedevelopmentforthefuture.Cloudcomputinghasbroughtusanewperspectivetolookatthecurrentresource—sharingproblem，cloudcomputingcanbeappliedtodigitallibraryresourcestoimproveinformationsharingcapabilitiesandimproveresourceutilization.Ourresultsshowthatacloudimplementationmaybeafeasiblealternativeforitscontinuedoperationandgrowth.

KeyWords:CloudComputing,DigitalLibrary，CloudComputingApplications

Introductionsection

WiththepopularityofInternetandupgradingnetworktechnology,Ithasquietlyenteredourlivesbecomingapartofpeople’slives，changingourwayoflife。Weusedlearnandacquireknowledgeintheclassroom，booksandlibraries。Nowwecanquerytheinformationwewantatcomfortablehome。Computertechnologybroughtfreshbloodtotheoldlibraryscience，alsobroughtinevitableproblems.Today，theshortcomingsmaliciousattackorasingleservermodewillleadirreparabledamagetothelostoflibraries’importantinformation.Nowwewillleveragecloudcomputingtechnologytohelpavoidlossofdigitallibraries,andprovidegoodserviceforreadersbetterandmorehumaneway。

DigitalLibraryisathingproducedcertainlywiththedevelopmentoftheInternet,theadvantageisobviouscomparedwiththetraditionallibrary。ItmakestheInformationstoragespacegreatlyreducedwithoutdamage,andInformationretrievalmoreconvenient。achievingthetargetofremotetransmissionofinformationandinformationSharing，soallcollegesanduniversitiesareactivelybuildingthedigitallibrary。

However，CurrentdigitalLibraryisfacedwithaseriesofproblemssuchassecurityrisks，difficultiesinsystemmaintenanceandlargecapitalinvestment，leadingtothedevelopmentofdigitalLibraryexperienceddifficulties。Technologyisadvancingrapidly，nowadays，theemergenceofcloudcomputingtechnologyhasbroughtnewhopeandvitalitytotheDigitalLibrary,itwillhelpdigitallibraryoutofdilemma，andprovidethenecessaryservicesforreadersbetter。

Part1CloudComputingOverview

Cloudcomputingisadistributedprocessing,parallelprocessingandgridcomputingdevelopment，itaimedtointegratenumbersoflower—costcomputingentitiesintoonesystemwithasuper—computingpowerthroughthenetwork。Intheremotedatacenter,tensofthousandsofcomputersandserversconnectedintoacomputergoestowork，makingtherelatedcalculationdistributedinthelargenumbersofdistributedcomputerratherthanthelocalcomputer。Therefore，ThepurposeofthecloudcomputingisdependonB/SArchitecture,transferringthecalculationofthepressurefromtheclienttotheserver。Usersonlyneedtopaylittleservicefeecanbeconfiguredcomputers，laptops，cellphones，etcaccessingtothe”cloud"center，operationingaccordingtotheirownneeds.Theimplementationofcloudcomputingwillbringusmorecomputingpower,lowercostsandpeople—orientedservice。

Cloudcomputingasarelativelynewconcept，onceapprancedcanbepursuitofindustryandacademia。Inparticular，since2007，includingMicrosoft,IBM，GOOGLE,etc。,themajorcompanyhassuccessfullylaunchedacloudcomputingservice,whichcanprovideuserswithonlinedatastorage，informationtransfer，largeamountsofdataparallelprocessing，dataindexingandqueryservices，andbroughtgreatbenefits。InChina，thedevelopmentofcloudcomputingisveryrapidly，anumberofCloudComputingCenterhasestablished，developedavarietyofcloudcomputingproducts,serveringinvariousfieldsandlevelsofusers.Nationallibrarycommunityarecloselywatchingthecloud，LibrarySocietyofChinaandtheShanghaiSocietyforLibraryScienceAcademicCommitteeheldsymposiumseveraltimesaboutthisrelatedtopicsof”cloudcomputingandlibrary”。

1。1Thecharacteristicsofcloudcomputing

1，Largescale?！盋loud”hasaconsiderablesize.Googlecloudcomputingalreadyhasmorethan100millionservers。Amazon，IBM，Microsoft，Yahooandothers’”cloud"hashundredsofthousandsofservers。Privatecompaniestypicallyhavehundredsofthousandsofcloudserver。"Cloud”cangiveusersanunprecedentedcomputingpower。

2,Virtualization。Cloudcomputingallowsusersinanylocation,usingavarietyofterminalaccessingtoapplicationservices。Alltheresourcesrequestedarefromthe"cloud”,insteadoffixedphysicalentities。Applicationisrunninginthesomewhereof”cloud”。butinfactusersdonotunderstandandworryaboutthespecificlocationofrunningapplications。Onlyneedalaptoporamobilephone,webservicescanachieveallweneed，eventhetaskofSupercomputing.

3，Highreliability?！盋loud”usesthemeasuressuchasmultiplecopiesofdatafaulttolerance，computingnodesareinterchangeablewiththestructuretoprotectthereliabilityofservices.makingcloudcomputingmorereliablethanusingthelocalcomputer。

4,Universal。Cloudcomputingisnotthespecificapplication,ever-changingapplicationcanbeconstructedunderthesupportoftheof”cloud"，witha"cloud”cansupportdifferentapplicationsrunning。

5，Highscalability。"Cloud”’ssizeisscalabledynamically，meetingtheneedsofthescaleofgrowthofApplicationsandusers。

6，On—demandservice。"Cloud”isahugeresourcepool，Youshouldbuyondemand。Cloudcanbebilledlikerunningwater,electricityandgas.

7,Extremelycheap.Verylow-costnodescanbeusedtoformthecloudsasthespecialfaulttolerancemeasuresof"cloud”。"Cloud”’scentralizedandautomatedmanagementmakelargenumbersofbusinesswithouttheburdenofthehighcostofdatacentermanagement?！盋loud"oftheuniversalresourceutilizationimprovesignificantlycomparedtotraditionalsystems。Souserscanfullyenjoythelow-costadvantageof”cloud”,oftenonlytakesafewhundreddollarsorafewdaystocompletethetaskusedtotaketensofthousandsofdollars,severalmonthstocomplete。

Part2Backgroundandrelatedwork

Cloudcomputingandinfrastructurehavebeendiscussedinthecontextofinformationretrievalsystemswhicharerelatedtogridcomputinganddistributedcomputing。Inthesediscussions，thefocushasbeeneitheroncloudcomputingfordatastorageinfrastructureorthecomputeinfrastructure。Adiscussionofcloudcomputingforscalabilityinpreprocessing，harvesting，transformationandstorageisprovidedbyinthecontextofcrawlingtheWebwithSindice.Inthefollowingsubsections,webrieflyoverviewthearchitectureoftheSeerSuiteapplicationframeworkanditsdeploymentasCiteSeerx.Thissectionismeanttoprovideanunderstandingoftheapplicationrequirementsthatarecrucialforunderstandingthechallengesandtheneedforinfrastructurevirtualizationandabstraction。

Figure1providesanoverviewofSeerSuitearchitecture。SeerSuiteincludescomponentsofbothwebsearchsystemsanddigitallibraries。SeerSuiteconsistsofseveralcomponentsandserviceslooselycoupledtogetherwithRESTandSOAinterfaces.WegroupcomponentsoftheframeworkintoWebapplication,datastorage,extraction，ingestion,andmaintenancesystems。Thesecomponentscanfunctionasstandaloneapplications.

Fig。1.SeerSuiteArchitecture

1）WebApplication：TheprimaryinterfacebetweenusersandSeerSuiteistheWebapplication。Userscansearch，browse,andtraversethecollectionthroughthisinterface。QueriesinSeerSuitearesupportedthroughaninterfaceoverRESTtoanindex,aninvertedfiledatastructurewhichallowsforfastandaccurateretrieval。Resultsobtainedfromtheindexareprocessedbytheapplicationandwiththedatabasedisplayssearchresults.Userscanviewdocumentmetadatafromsummarypages.Thesesummarypagesallowausertodownloadacachedcopyorbedirectedtoanothersource,viewcitationsfromthedocument，viewtagscreatedbyusers，and

trackchangestothedocument。

Theautonomouscitationindexingfeatureenablesuserstorankdocumentsbasedoncitationstothedocumentinsidethecollectionaswellasbrowsethecollectionthroughcitationlinks。Thesefeaturesrequirethecitationgraphstructureofthecollectiontobestoredinthedatabase。Inadditiontoproviding

useraccessthroughwebpages,SeerSuitesupportsanOpenArchivesandanApplicationProgrammingInterface，whichprovideprogrammaticaccesstothedatabase。CiteSeerxsupportsmyCiteSeer,apersonalizationportalwhichwithsupportofthedatabase,allowsuserstostorequeries，documentportfolios,tagdocumentsandmakecorrectionstodocumentmetadata.

2）CrawlingandMetadataExtraction:ThedocumentacquisitionprocessofSeerSuiteincludestwomajortasks。Thefirstistoobtaindocumentsrelevanttothecollection。Afocusedcrawlertraversesthewebtofinddocumentsrelevanttoaparticulartopic。InSeerSuite，afocusedcrawlerscanswebpagesfromacrawllistandfetchesdocuments，mostlyPDF，embeddedinthesepages.Beforemetadataextractioncantakeplace,theincomingdocumentsarefilteredandconvertedintotextbyfilteringanddocumentconversionmodules。ConversionmodulesusestandaloneofftheshelfapplicationssuchasPDFTetorPDFBoxforconvertingdocuments。SeerSuiteadoptsstateoftheartmetadataextraction

Methodstoextractdocumentmetadatausingheuristicsandmachinelearningmethods。Theheaderparserextractsdocumenttitle，author,abstractandaffiliationinformation。Areferenceparser，ParsCitextractsreferenceinformationincludingcitationsandcitationmetadata.Documentscanbeprocessedindividuallyorthroughabatchprocess，usingBusinessProcessExecutionLanguage（BPEL）,orchestrationofindividualserviceorientedmodules。

3)Ingestion：Processeddocumentsfromtheextractionsystemareingestedintothecollection.Inthefirststep,themetadataextractedfromthedocumentsandmetadatafromthecrawlareaggregatedintoasinglefile,whichservesasthesourceforupdatestothedatabase.Ingestioninvolvesthedatabase，therepositoryandtheextractionsystems.Thisstepaddsinformationabouttheincomingdocumentandembeddedobjectstothedatabaseandupdatesthecitationgraphstructure。Thedocumentmetadata,processedfileswithmetadataextractedbydifferentmodules，andoriginaldocumentareplacedintherepository.

4）Maintenance：Updatestotheindex，generatingchartsandstatisticsarepartofthemaintenanceservice.Themaintenanceflowgenerallyinvolvesthedatabase,theindexandtherepository。

5）FederatedServices：WhileSeerSuiteoffersseveralfeaturesfordocument/citationsearchandindexing,servicessuchastable,algorithm，figuresearcharealsovaluabletousers.However，suchservicesmayhavetheirownstackofcomponentsandinterfaces.ThetablesearchfeatureinCiteSeerxisonesuchservice。ThecomponentsarehostedalongwithexistingCiteSeerxservices,buttheinterfaeandstorageservicesfortablesearchareindependentofthemainindexanddatabase.Suchafederatedapproachisusefulforservicesstillbeingresearchedordeveloped。

6）BackupandReplication：CiteSeerxmaintainsbothofflineandonsitebackupsfortherepository,databaseandindex。

Part3Thebenefitsofcloudcomputingbringingfortheuniversitydigitallibrary

Cloudcomputingishotintoday’snetworktechnology，itsemergingpatternofsharedinfrastructure，numeroussystemspoolcanbeconnectedtogetherprovidingavarietyofdigitalservices.AfterdigitallibraryintheexperienceoftheInternetera,WEBtimes,thegridera，WEB2。0，itslowlyintothecloudcomputingera。Cloudcomputingtechnologyapplicatedtothedigitallibrarywillbringarealtransitionphase,andprofoundimpactonlibraryservices。Webelievecloudcomputingwillbringchangesforthelibraryindustry。

Inrecentyears，collegesanduniversitiesareworkingondigitallibrariesdirection,

mostofthemalsobuiltaprimary—scaledigitallibrary，butitisprematuretothinkithasformedanoverallscale,efficiency。Astheconstructionofthedigitallibrarycurrentlyexistsarangeofoutstandingissues.Today，theapplicationofcloudcomputingtechnologycanhelpdigitallibrarysolveproblemsandovercomedifficulties。

3。1"Cloud”toensurethesafetyoflibrary。

Digitallibrarygenerallyhasahugeinformationresources，Digitallibrariesarethecurrentfocusonthedatastoredinaserversetup,oncetheserverhasafaultormaliciousattack,itwillmakeuserinformationandlibrarydataloss，therebycausingirreparableconsequencesfordigitallibrary.

Cloudcomputingtechnologycanensurethereliabilityofdigitallibraryresourcesstored，avoidingerrorscausedbytheserverresourcesLoss。Atthesametime,itensureinunsatisfactlynetworksecurityenvironmentintheeventoflossofinformation,digitallibrariescancontinuetoprovideservicesforusers.Thisisbecausetherearenumerousserversinthe”cloud",Evenifthereisaserverproblem，

Thentheotherserverscantransferbackedupdataquicklyinaveryshortperiodoftimetoanotherserver，andstarttheservertoprovideservices，avoidingproblemwhichaserverinthenetworkparalysisafterprolongedexposuretoattack,sothatdigitallibraryachieveuninterruptedsecurityservicesintherealway.

3.2Reducethecostofbuildingthedigitallibrary

Intoday’ssocietythedevelopmentofelectronicdevicestechnologyisrapidly，tomeetthistrend，makingtheLibrarycontinuetooperatenormally,needingtocontinuetoinvestfundsfortheupgradingofhardware，maintenanceofdatabasesystemsandhardwarealsorequireslargecost。

Intheenvironmentofcloudcomputing，generallibraryuserssimplyusethedigitallibrarysystemastheenduser,Andthisconfigurationoftheterminaldevicedoesnotrequirehigh,thereisnoneedtoinstalltheirownsoftwareapplications，justconnectingtotheInternet.sothatwecandirectlyusethecorrespondingsoftwaresystemandSavingdigitallibrariesintheearlyinvestmentinhardware。Varioussoftwaresystemsandtypesofdatabasesarealsousedfromthe”??cloud”，Userscanbeintheformofloan,payingrentalfeesaccordingtoactualneeds，thereisnoneedforconsumingtimetoinstallallthelibrarymanagementsystemsoftwareforallthecomputers.SoftwareupgradesandmaintenancecanbecarriedoutdirectlyontheInternetfirms，librarycompletelyoffthehookofLackofcomputerprofessionals。

3。3Improvethesharingofinformationresources

Cloudcomputingisbasedontheideaof”integration”。ByCloudComputing,builddigitallibraryinformationcommonsforallcollegesanduniversitiesandbusinesses，integratingallfragmenteddigitallibraryinformationintothestandarduniform。Thislargenumbersofdigitallibrarysystemscansharethepowerfulhardwarebroughtfromthecloudconnectiontogether，withouthavingtoupdatetherelevantinfrastructure，reducingoperatingcostswhileimprovingefficiencygreatly。Inaddition,inthecloudcomputing,Electronicresourcesrelatedtoeachlibrarywillbestoredinthehundredsofthousandsofservers，andnotacomputer。Forasinglecollectionofresourcesfordigitallibraryrelativelypoor,resourcessharedinthecloudisundoubtedlymultiplyextendedcollectionofvariouscollectionsofresources。UserscanbrowsetheWebsuchasimplewayroamingcloudLibraryaroundtheworldintheglobal.

Everythingisservice

Inthecloud，everythingisservice。Howtolet”cloud”fordigitallibraryservicesbetterandmoreeconomicalisourmainconcernsubject.Theuniquevalueofthe”Cloud"isveryattractivefordigitallibrary，Becauseitisnotonlyreduceoperationalcosts，butalsoprovidedigitallibrarymoreflexibleandhighlyscalableenterprise-classservices。Whatisparticularlyimportantisthatitcanhelpdigitallibrariestotheirenduserswithamorerapid,innovativeservices。TheHPalsobelievesthatcloudisahighlyscalable，flexibleserviceglobally,Userscanbuyondemandorusethemodelofpaymenttomakedigitallibrarygettheservicesfromthe"cloud”ofthousandsofservers,andtheend—user'srequestcangetaresponseinthetimeofmilliseconds，makingthedigitallibraryobtainveryhighvaluefromalowercapitalinvestment,morecost—effectivethanspendingseveralmilliondollarstosetupandmanagetheirownservers。Usingcloudservicesinthedigitallibraryconstructionappealsmorecost—effective。Therewillbemoreandmoreenterprises，universitiesandlibrariesloveitanduseit，Soastoprovidelow—costandhighqualityservicefor”diverse”onlinelibrary。

Throughthe"cloud”model，wecanbuildinformation—sharingspacebetweendigitallibrariesofmajoruniversitiesandcompanies,thislargenumberofdigitallibrariescanusethepowerfulhardwarethecloudsystemgettingtogetherbroughtreasonable，withouthavingtoupdatethebase—relatedequipment，makingthecostofdoingbusinessinthedigitallibraryatthesametimegreatlyreduceandtheefficiencyhasbeensignificantlyimproved。Forusersjoiningtobuildadigitallibrary，throughthe”cloud"service,readyaccessingtorelevantinformationindigitallibraries，whichdonothavetotakeintoaccountregionaldifferencesontherealissues,savingresourcesinthenetworkdelay，reducingtheexpendituretimefordigitallibraryuserstoaccesstheinformationtheyneed。Inthecloudcomputing,digitallibraryresourcesarebackupedinthecloudofthousandsofserver,andnotstoredinacomputer。Relatedresourcescanbeaccessedglobally.sharingwithalargenumberofusers,orsingleusedbyaparticularuser。Theusercanroamaroundtheworldofdigitallibrariesassimpleasbrowsingtheweb.（196）

Part4NotesforArchitectureLibraryusingcloudcomputingtechnology

Althoughcloudcomputinginthedigitallibraryconstructionhasmanyadvantages，butasanewtechnology，itisalsonotperfect,stillexistingissuessuchasprivacy，copyrightdisputes,protocolsandinterfaces。Sowhenweusethecloudtobuilddigitallibraries,weshouldpayattentiontosomeproblems。

4。1Thefirstisdataconfidentiality。Inthecloudsystem，buildersofmanydigitallibrariesdonotknowwheretostoretheirowndata,sowhentheestablishmentofdigitallibraries，weshouldaskserviceprovidersdetailsaboutwhetherthedatatomaintainedissuesrelatedtoprivacyandconfidentialityinapersonalorprofessionalway,andtheapplicationoflegalmeanstosignaconfidentialityagreementandadvocatetheestablishmentofspecializedstateagencytooverseethe”cloud”ofresources.

4。2Digitallibrarycopyrightdisputesisalsoanimportantissue。copyrightproblemsofCloudcomputinginfrastructuringdigitallibraryremain。Inordertosafeguardthelegitimaterightsandinterestsofauthors，effectiveprogramshouldbemadebeforetheestablishmentofa”cloudLibrary”，prepareavoidinglegaldisputesfuturebrought。

4。3Issuesofprotocolandinterface.ITserviceproviderprovidingcloudserviceswhichneedtohaveirreplaceable，whichisanimportantprerequisiteforcloudcomputingapplicatedinthedigitallibrary。Thisrequiresmutualagreementandconstraintsbetweenthesuppliers,Andthecloudtheyprovidecanfollowacommonstandard。Nocommonstandardwillgiveusersaverypassivesituation，cannotbeachievedfromzero—costtransfersbetweenonesuppliertoanothersupplier。Soeachlibraryforthecloudserviceprovidershouldbeconcernedaboutthedifferentoperatingplatforminterfacesoftwareorincooperationwiththespecificcircumstancesofthemuseumtodeveloptheinterfaceforplug—ins。

Part5AGuidetoCloudComputingandStorage

Thepastfewyearshaveseenthephrase‘cloudcomputing’steadilygainingmomentum，becomingoneofthemosthypedtechnologybuzzwordssince“Web2.0”-andwithnearlyasmanydifferentdefinitions.

Butonethingthatmostcanagreeuponisthatcloudcomputingisamajorshiftinthewaywe'reapproachingcomputingasbothindividualsandorganizations，andisbeingreferredtobymanyasanITrevolution。Gartner’s

HYPERLINK”http：///it/page。jsp？id=1124212"

2009HypeCycleforEmergingTechnologies

hascloudcomputinghighonthelistamongtechnologiesthatitpredictsmaybetransformativetotheITindustryinthenexttwotofiveyears。

ThroughWeb2。0applications，wehavealreadybeenshiftingmuchofourpersonalcomputerusagetothecloud。MillionsofushavefreedourbookmarksfromthedesktopbystoringthemonsocialbookmarkingwebsitessuchasDelicious，uploadedandsharedourvideosonYouTube,usedservicessuchasSlidesharetohostourpresentations，workedcollaborativelyonGoogleDocs,andadoptedweb—basedemailservicessuchasGmail-someofusmayevenhavedesignedapplicationsforpopularplatformssuchasFacebook。AccordingtoaSeptember2008

HYPERLINK”/Reports/2008/Use—of-Cloud—Computing-Applications—and-Services.aspx"

PewInternet＆AmericanLifestudy

，69%ofonlineAmericanshavealreadyparticipatedincloudcomputingactivities。

Butcloudcomputingisaboutmorethanjustthesetypesofconsumer—levelactivities—fromabusinessperspectiveitcanbeaviable,cost-effectivewayfororganizationstorunorcomplementtheirITsystems。Therearethreemajortypesofcloudservicesavailable：

1）SoftwareasaService(SaaS）

Applicationsorsoftwareisdeliveredasaservicetothecustomerwhocanaccesstheprogramfromanyonlinedevice.SomeoftheseWeb—basedapplicationsarefreesuchasHotmail,GoogleApps,Skype,andmany2.0applications,whilemostbusiness—orientedSaaS，suchasSalesForce，isleasedonasubscriptionbasis.Thereisusuallylittlecustomizationorcontrolavailablewiththeseapplications.However,subscribersbenefitfromlowinitialcosts，haveaccessto(usually24/7）supportservices，andneedn’tworryabouthosting，installing,upgrading，ormaintainingthesoftware.

2）PlatformasaService（PaaS）

WithPaaS，acomputingplatformisprovidedwhichsuppliestoolsandadevelopmentenvironmenttohelpcompaniesbuild，test，anddeployWeb-basedapplications.Businessesdon'tneedtoinvestintheinfrastructurerequiredforbuildingWebandmobileapplicationsbutcanrenttheuseofplatformssuchasWindowsAzure，GoogleAppEngine，andF。Applicationswhicharebuiltusingtheseprovider'sservices，however，areusuallylockedintothatoneplatform.

3）InfrastructureasaService（IaaS)

ThistypeofcloudcomputingisalsosometimesreferredtoasHaaSorHardwareasaServiceanditinvolvesbothstorageservicesandcomputingpower。Amazon'sWebServices，oneofthemajorplayersinthisarea，offerstwomainproductsincludingtheElasticComputeCloud（EC2)，whichprovidescomputingresources，andSimpleStorageService（S3）fordatastorage。

CompaniesareusingAmazon'sWebServicestohostorbackuptheirwebsites，forcontentdelivery,torunhighperformancecomputingsimulations,tohostmediacollections,and

HYPERLINK”/solutions/case—studies/"

muchmore

。Mostofthesecloudservicesareavailableonapay—per-usagebasis,differingfromtheSaaSsubscriptionmodel，enablingcustomerstoscaleupordowndependingontheirneedatanygiventimeandonlypayforwhatthey’veused.

Therearedefinitetrustissuesinvolvedwithworkinginthecloud，however.Dataandsystems“l(fā)ive”somewhereelse,beyondthesafetyofanorganization’sfirewall。Thisraisesamajorconcernabouttheprovider'sreliability—afteralliftheirsystemsgodown，sodoallofthewebsites,data，andpotentiallybusiness—criticalapplicationstheyarehosting.

Whilemajorcloudservicesprovidershavegenerallyexhibitedagreatdealofstability，theyhavealsohadsome

HYPERLINK”http：///2008/07/20/amazon—s3-outage—july—2008/”

hiccups

inservice。AttheALAChicago

hesaid，onethatwillforcearecalibrationofthefaithpeopleputcloudservicesforcriticaldatapreservation。

Havingdatahousedelsewheremayalsobringupsecurityandcomplianceissueswithsometypesofinformationandlegalissueswithothers。

Thequestionofdataownershiphasbeenakeytopicofdiscussionlatelywithregardtotrustinginthecloud,especiallyafterFacebook’s

/handle/123456789/3"

suchasKentState'sCentennialCollection

，andistestingserveradministrationinthecloud,aswellasthelimitsofDSpacerepositorysoftware。

TheDistrictofColumbiaPublicLibraryisusingAmazon'sEC2servicetohosttheir

HYPERLINK”/dcpl/site/default。asp”

website

andaccording