2023學年第二學期溫州十校聯(lián)合體期末聯(lián)考高二年級英語學科試題考生須知：1.本卷共10頁滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘；2.答題前，在答題卷指定區(qū)域填寫班級、姓名、考場號、座位號及準考證號并填涂相應(yīng)數(shù)字。3.所有答案必須寫在答題紙上，寫在試卷上無效；4.考試結(jié)束后，只需上交答題紙。選擇題部分第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatdoesthemansuggestdoing?A.Invitingfewerguests.B.Openingthebackrooms.C.Changingtoabiggerhall.2.Wherearethespeakersprobably?A.Athome.B.Atcollege.C.Atthetrainstation.3.Whatisthemostimportantthingaccordingtothewoman?A.Beingpolitetoothers.B.Supportingfamilies.C.Goingtouniversity.4.Howdoesthemanprobablyfeelnow?A.Anxious.B.Confused.C.Pleased.5.Whousuallymakesthemeals?A.Thewoman’sfather.B.Thewoman’smother.C.Thewoman’sbrother.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whoisthepartyfor?A.Theman’sson.B.Theman.C.Thewoman.7.Whatwillthewomandofirst?A.Usethebathroom.B.Greetthegroup.C.Buyagift.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8Whydidthemanlosetherace?A.Hedidn’ttryhisbest.B.Hewaslatefortherace.C.Hefelldowntotheground.9.Howwillthewomanhelptheman?A.Byjoininghisteam.BBypracticingwithhim.C.Byteachinghimsomenewskills.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Housecleanerandcustomer.B.Motherandson.C.Friends.11.Howmuchdoesthemanusuallygetperweek?A.$35.B.$30.C.$20.12.Whatdoesthewomanaskthemantodoforher?A.Collecttheleaves.B.Cutthegrass.C.Washhercar.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Anartexhibition.B.Apainting.C.Abook.14.Onwhatdaydoesthemanusuallyhaveameeting?A.Monday.B.Wednesday.C.Friday.15.WhathasLindabeendrawing?A.Friends.B.Family.C.Toys.16.Whydidthewomanwritepoetry?A.TolearnaboutChineseculture.B.Tohonorhergrandparents.C.Torecordherschoollife.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Inwhichcountrywasthepianofirstinvented?A.France.B.Italy.C.Germany.18.Whenwastheworld’sfirstpianocreated?A.Around1400.B.Around1500.C.Around1700.19.Whywillthespeakersoonquithispositioninthefamilybusiness?A.Hewillhanditovertohisgrandson.B.Hisindustryisn’tpopularanymore.C.Hewantstodoadifferentjob.20.Whatdoesthespeakerdo?A.He’samusician.B.He’sapianomaker.C.He’samusicteacher.第二部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AGreenfieldsandhillsgiveIrelandits“EmeraldIsle”nickname.Roundingoutallthatunspoilednatureareancientcastles,historicvillages,andpubsalivewithtraditionalmusic.Here’sthebestwaytoexperiencethiscolorfulcornerofEurope.RockycovesThesouthwest’srockycovesarerichwithseaweed,revealingalittleknownpieceofIrishhistory.“Inthepastpeoplecouldn’teatmeatsotheywouldgodownaroundtheseshoresandgetlaver,orsleabhac,asit’shighinprotein,”saysKerryannO’FarrellofAtlanticIrishSeaweed,whoseguidesleadeducationalseavegetablewalksatDerrynaneHarbour.CapeClearIslandLocatedeightmilesoffthesoutherncoast,CapeClearIsland(OileánChleire)isoneofIrishspeakingGaeltachtareas,whichcanbefoundinsevencountiesandonsomeislands.OnCape,theformergirlsschoolnowhousestheHeritageCentrewithexhibitsontheisland’smaritimehistoryandculture.Don’tmissthegoatmilkicecreamatlocalfavoriteCléireGoats.TheRiverCorribWhileShopStreetandEyreSquaredrawthecrowds,theWesternneighborhoodacrosstheRiverCorribisthesoulofthecity.SoakupthebohemianvibeatplaceslikeBellBookandCandle,atreasuretrovefornewandsecondhandbooks;themonthlyFleaStyleMarketinsidetheGalwayArtsCentre;andtheCraneBar,whichfeaturessomeofthecity’sbest“trad”fiddleandbodhránplayers.GreatLighthousesofIrelandGreatLighthousesofIrelandoffersaguidetonoteworthybeaconsaroundthecountry.Oneofthemostremote,St.John’sPointLighthouserisesattheendofanarrowpeninsulainCountyDonegal,lookingouttoDonegalBayandCountySligo.StayovernightinClipperorSchooner,theformerlighthousekeepers’residences,andexperiencethesolitudeofkeepingwatch.Naturally,there’snoWiFi,sounwindandreadabookbesidethefire,orexploretheheadlandatsunrise.1.Whatcan’tyoudoinCapeClearIsland?A.Appreciatelocallanguage.B.Trythegoatmilkicecream.CAdmiretheisland’smaritimehistory.D.Enjoyeducationalseavegetablewalks.2.Whichwouldbethebestplaceforsomeoneinneedofanundisturbedplace?A.Rockycoves. B.CapeClearIsland.C.TheRiverCorrib. D.GreatLighthousesofIreland.3.Thepassageismostlikelytakenfrom________.A.anewsreport B.anadvertisementC.atravelbrochure D.anencyclopedia【答案】1.D2.D3.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了愛爾蘭幾個絕佳的旅游勝地。【1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)CapeClearIsland中“Locatedeightmilesoffthesoutherncoast,CapeClearIsland(OileánChleire)isoneofIrishspeakingGaeltachtareas,whichcanbefoundinsevencountiesandonsomeislands.OnCape,theformergirlsschoolnowhousestheHeritageCentrewithexhibitsontheisland’smaritimehistoryandculture.Don’tmissthegoatmilkicecreamatlocalfavoriteCléireGoats.”（開普克利爾島(OileánChleire)位于南部海岸八英里外，是一個講愛爾蘭語的蓋爾語地區(qū)，在七個縣和一些島嶼上都可以看到。在開普，以前的女子學?，F(xiàn)在是遺產(chǎn)中心的所在地，展示了島上的海洋歷史和文化。不要錯過當?shù)刈钍軞g迎的Cléire山羊奶冰淇淋。）可知，在開普克利爾島無法享受有教育意義的海洋蔬菜之旅。故選D項?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)GreatLighthousesofIreland中“StayovernightinClipperorSchooner,theformerlighthousekeepers’residences,andexperiencethesolitudeofkeepingwatch.Naturally,there’snoWiFi,sounwindandreadabookbesidethefire,orexploretheheadlandatsunrise.”（在克利伯(Clipper)或斯庫納(Schooner)——前燈塔看守人的住所——過夜，體驗守望的孤獨。當然，這里沒有WiFi，所以你可以在火爐旁放松一下，讀一本書，或者在日出時探索海岬。）可知，愛爾蘭燈塔這個地方最適合那些需要安靜，不被打擾的人。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第一段“GreenfieldsandhillsgiveIrelandits“EmeraldIsle”nickname.Roundingoutallthatunspoilednatureareancientcastles,historicvillages,andpubsalivewithtraditionalmusic.Here’sthebestwaytoexperiencethiscolorfulcornerofEurope.”（翠綠的田野和丘陵給了愛爾蘭“翡翠島”的綽號。古老的城堡、歷史悠久的村莊和充滿傳統(tǒng)音樂的酒吧使所有未受破壞的自然環(huán)境更加完善。這里是體驗歐洲這個多姿多彩的角落的最佳方式。）可知，文章主要講的是愛爾蘭幾個絕佳的旅游勝地。由此可推知，這篇文章可能來自一本旅游手冊。故選C項。BThere’sanoldAfricanproverbthatstates,“Whenyouleaveyourshoesatthedoorstep,youleaveyourtroublesbehind.”Agroupofenvironmentalchemistswhostudywhatkindsofcontaminantspeopleareexposedtointheirownhomesclaim:wearingyouroutsideshoesinsidewon’tjustmessupyourcarpet;itis,infact,scientificallywrong.Shoeswornoutsidecanbemediaforallkindsofdirtandmicrobes.Accordingtotheexperts,aboutonethirdofthematterbuildingupinsideyourhomeesfromoutside,muchofitbeingtrackedinonthesolesofourshoes.Butnotalldirtisbaddirt.Somehouseholdgermscanactuallybeusefulinhelpingbuildupachild’simmunesystem,forexample.Buttherealissueisthatsomeofthediseasecausingorganismsfoundonourshoesandfloorsaredrugresistant,causingillnessesthataredifficulttotreat.“Cancercausingtoxinscanbefoundontheseshoes,”scientistssay,“soitisbesttoleaveyourfilthoutsidethedoor.”Everydaywecarrymuchdirtwithusonthesolesofourshoesmud.Formanyhouseholds,thepandemichasgreatlyreducedthenumberofplaceswegoto.Butevenatthat,allittakesisonewalkdownthestreetorafewminutesattheparktomakeyoubringsomethingnastybackhome.It’simportanttonotethatnotwearingshoesinsideismorethanjustahygienething.Inmanyculturesaroundtheworld,leavingyourshoesatthedoorisasignofrespect,anodtosuperstitionanditmayevenbeinserviceofgoodhealth.Reflexologists(反射治療師)saythatwalkingaroundbarefootcanhelpboostyourcirculation,improveyoursleepqualityandstimulatethereflexesonthesolesofyourfeet,reducinginflammation,painandtension.4.Whatcanwelearnaboutdirt?A.Allthedirtinthehouseesfromdirtyshoes.B.Thedirtcanhelpbuildupachild’simmunesystem.C.Thedirtbroughtbackbyshoesisveryharmfultoadults.D.Aboutathirdofthedirtproducedinthehomeesfromtheoutside.5.What’stheauthor’sattitudetowardsleavingshoesatthedoorstep?A.Supportive B.Critical C.Indifferent D.Neutral6.Therearemanybenefitsofnotwearingshoesindoorsexcept________.A.showingrespect B.stimulatingreflectionC.avoidingmessingupcarpet D.reducingtheamountofdirt7.What’sthebesttitleofthetext?A.WalkingbarefootornotB.GettingridofyourhomedirtC.LearningfromAfricanproverbsD.Leavingshoesatthedoorstepforhealthreasons【答案】4.D5.A6.B7.D【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了在室內(nèi)不穿室外鞋的重要性以及帶來的一些健康好處。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtotheexperts,aboutonethirdofthematterbuildingupinsideyourhomeesfromoutside,muchofitbeingtrackedinonthesolesofourshoes.(根據(jù)專家的說法，大約三分之一在你家里堆積的物質(zhì)來自外部，其中大部分是通過我們的鞋底追蹤到的。)”可知，大約三分之一的家里產(chǎn)生的污垢來自外部。故選D?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Accordingtotheexperts,aboutonethirdofthematterbuildingupinsideyourhomeesfromoutside,muchofitbeingtrackedinonthesolesofourshoes.(根據(jù)專家的說法，大約三分之一在你家里堆積的物質(zhì)來自外部，其中大部分是通過我們的鞋底追蹤到的。)”以及本段中“Buttherealissueisthatsomeofthediseasecausingorganismsfoundonourshoesandfloorsaredrugresistant,causingillnessesthataredifficulttotreat.(但真正的問題是，在我們的鞋子和地板上發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些致病微生物是耐藥的，會導致難以治療的疾病。)”可知，作者認為家里堆積的物質(zhì)來自外部，其中大部分是通過我們的鞋底追蹤到的；并且這些鞋底發(fā)現(xiàn)的一些微生物是致病的。因此是反對在室內(nèi)穿鞋的，因此作者對于在門廊留下鞋子持支持態(tài)度。故選A。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“It’simportanttonotethatnotwearingshoesinsideismorethanjustahygienething.Inmanyculturesaroundtheworld,leavingyourshoesatthedoorisasignofrespect,anodtosuperstitionanditmayevenbeinserviceofgoodhealth.(重要的是要注意，在室內(nèi)不穿鞋不僅僅是衛(wèi)生問題。在世界各地的許多文化中，把鞋子放在門口是一種尊重的表現(xiàn)，是對迷信的認可，甚至可能有助于身體健康。)”可知，室內(nèi)不穿鞋不僅僅是衛(wèi)生問題即避免弄臟地毯，以及減少灰塵之外，在許多文化中，把鞋子放在門口也是一種尊重的表現(xiàn)。故選B?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，文章主要討論了在室內(nèi)不穿室外鞋的重要性。專家表示，室外鞋底攜帶大量的污染物和微生物，大約有三分之一的家內(nèi)灰塵來自于鞋子。雖然不是所有的灰塵都是有害的，但一些鞋子及地板上的病原體對藥物具有抗性，可能導致難以治療的疾病。此外，科學家警告說，這些鞋子上可能存在致癌的微生物，因此最好將污物留在門外。不穿鞋進入室內(nèi)不僅僅是為了衛(wèi)生，在很多文化中，脫鞋進屋是一種尊重、迷信的表現(xiàn)，也可能有益于健康。足部反射治療師認為，光腳行走可以促進血液循環(huán)，提高睡眠質(zhì)量，減少炎癥、疼痛和緊張。因此D選項“Leavingshoesatthedoorstepforhealthreasons(出于健康考慮把鞋子放在門口)”概括文章主要內(nèi)容，符合標題。故選D。C“ChatGPTisaputerprogramthatcanunderstandandrespondtotextlikeaperson.It’slikehavingaconversationwithaverysmartrobot,”saysChatGPT,anartificialintelligencetextgenerator.InNovemberof2022,theputerprogramChatGPTgeneratedsignificantpublicinterestacrosstheglobeforitsbroadapplicationsandmercialvalue.ThisAImodeldemonstrateditsabilitytoperformavarietyoftasks,fromgeneratingbooksummaries,remendations,andpersonalresearchassistance,todraftingcollegeSOPs,essays,andemails.AccordingtoEhsanHoque,AssociateProfessorofputerScienceatUR,whiletheconceptsusedtobuildChatGPTarenotentirelynew,biningthemwiththisAImodelmarksasignificantachievementinthefieldofAIengineering.Withthatbeingsaid,thesystemhasalsogeneratedcontentionoveritspossibleviolationofacademichonesty.TheuseofChatGPTforhomeworkassignmentsisagrowingconcernforprofessorsacrosstheglobe.TheUniversity,ontheotherhand,hasnotaddressedormadeastatementonthismatter.Therearepotentialacademicviolationsforhomeworkandexams.OnesuchcaseisProfessorofPoliticalScienceandBusinessDavidPrimo.HeenteredoneofhisprevioustestquestionsintoChatGPT,andChatGPTgotitexactlycorrect.Despiteconcerns,Primounderstandsthattheissueofacademichonestyisaconcernthathasexistedandwillexistforever.Hetalksaboutthisaswellasthemanyothernegativeusesoftheinternet,saying“Theinternetmakesiteasytospreadhatefulmessagesandpiratemusic,butdoyouwanttogobacktoatimewhereyoucouldn’tbankonline,orlistentomusiconline?”Primoalsopicturesthistechnologicaladvancementbeingintegratedintoclassesandassessmentsinthefuture.“UniversitiesshouldmoveslowlyhereandletfacultymembersexperimentwithvariousapproachestoAIandadapttoaworldofAI,”saidPrimo.8.Whatmakestheprogramagreatbreakthrough?A.Itsabilitytoperformvarioustasks.B.Itsachievementsinlearningtechnology.C.Itswideapplicationandmercialvalue.D.ThebinationofitsconceptandAImodel.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordinthethirdparagraphmean?A.dispute B.support C.disadvantage D.mistake10.WhatmightPrimoagreewithregardingtheuseofChatGPT?A.Itisadoubleedgedsword.B.Ithaslittleimpactonacademia.C.Itsadvantagesoutweighitsdisadvantages.D.Itshouldbeprohibitedforacademicintegrity.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.ChatGPTdemonstratesitsgreatstrength.B.ChatGPTgeneratesgreatargument.C.ChatGPTarousessignificantpublicinterest.D.ChatGPTcausesthepotentialacademicviolations.【答案】8.D9.A10.C11.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。本文介紹了一種人工智能文本生成程序ChatGPT，它能像人一樣理解和回應(yīng)文本，如同與一個聰明的機器人對話。同時文章也揭露了由人工智能所引起的學術(shù)誠信的問題將會一直存在。【8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“AccordingtoEhsanHoque,AssociateProfessorofputerScienceatUR,whiletheconceptsusedtobuildChatGPTarenotentirelynew,biningthemwiththisAImodelmarksasignificantachievementinthefieldofAIengineering.(根據(jù)UR計算機科學副教授EhsanHoque的說法，雖然用于構(gòu)建ChatGPT的概念并不是全新的，但將它們與人工智能模型相結(jié)合標志著人工智能工程領(lǐng)域的重大成就。)”可知，盡管構(gòu)建ChatGPT的概念并不完全新，但將其與AI模型結(jié)合在一起在AI工程領(lǐng)域取得了重大成就。故選D?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的內(nèi)容“…overitspossibleviolationofacademichonesty.(......可能違反學術(shù)誠信。)”可知，這個系統(tǒng)也因可能違反學術(shù)誠信而引起了爭論。故劃線詞與A選項“dispute(爭論)”為同義詞。故選A?！?0題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Primoalsopicturesthistechnologicaladvancementbeingintegratedintoclassesandassessmentsinthefuture.“UniversitiesshouldmoveslowlyhereandletfacultymembersexperimentwithvariousapproachestoAIandadapttoaworldofAI,”saidPrimo.(Primo還描繪了這種技術(shù)進步在未來被整合到課堂和評估中。Primo說：“大學應(yīng)該在這方面慢慢行動，讓教師們試驗各種人工智能方法，適應(yīng)人工智能的世界?！?”可知，Primo還描繪了這種技術(shù)進步在未來被整合到課堂和評估中。Primo認為大學應(yīng)該在這方面慢慢行動，讓教師們試驗各種人工智能方法，適應(yīng)人工智能的世界，由此推斷，Primo認為ChatGPT的優(yōu)點大于缺點。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中“Withthatbeingsaid,thesystemhasalsogenerated

contention

overitspossibleviolationofacademichonesty.

(話雖如此，該系統(tǒng)也引發(fā)了可能違反學術(shù)誠信的爭論。)”以及第四段中“Therearepotentialacademicviolationsforhomeworkandexams.(在家庭作業(yè)和考試中有潛在的學術(shù)違規(guī)。)”以及通讀全文可知，文章主要討論了ChatGPT引起了很大的爭論，特別是在學術(shù)誠信方面。B選項“ChatGPTgeneratesgreatargument.(ChatGPT產(chǎn)生了大量的爭論。)”能概括全文。故選B。DScientistshavebeenresearchingthewaytogetemployeesmotivatedformanyyears.Therelatedresearchbuildsthefundamentalandprehensivemodelforstudy.Thisisespeciallytruewhenthebusinessgoalistoturnunmotivatedteamsintoproductiveones.Buttheirresearchershavelimitations.Itislikestudyingthemovementsofcarwithouttakingouttheengine.Motivationiswhatdrivespeopletosucceedandplaysavitalroleinenhancinganorganizationaldevelopment.Itisimportanttostudythemotivationofemployeesbecauseitisrelatedtotheemotionandbehaviorofemployees.Recentstudiesshowtherearethreedrivesformotivation.Thedrivetoacquiremustbemettooptimizeachievement.Thusitrequiresthatoutstandingperformanceshouldberecognizedandrewardsprovidedtopolishthecareerpath.Butsometimesawrittenletterofappreciationgeneratesmoremotivationthanathousanddollarcheck,whichcanserveastheinvisiblepowertoboostbusinessengagement.Successfulorganizationsandleadersnotonlyneedtofocusontheoptimizationofphysicalrewardbutalsoonmovingotherleverswithintheorganizationthatcandrivemotivation.Thedrivetoprehendmotivatesmanyemployeestohigherperformance.Foryears,ithasbeenknownthatsettingstretchgoalscangreatlyimpactperformance.Organizationsneedtoensurethatthevariousjobrolesprovideemployeeswithsimulationthatchallengesthemorallowthemtogrow.Employeesdon’twanttodomeaninglessthingsormonotonousjob.Ifthejobdidn’tprovidethemwithpersonalmeaningandfulfillment,theywillleavethepany.Thedrivetodefendisoftenthehardestlevertopull.Thisdrivedisplaysitselfasaquesttocreateandpromotejustice,fairness,andtheabilitytoexpressourselvesfreely.Theorganizationalleverforthisbasichumanmotivatorisresourcedistribution.Thisdriveisalsometthroughanemployeefeelingconnectedtoapany.Iftheirpaniesaremergedwithanother,theywillshowworries.Thekeytosuccessfullymotivatingemployeesistomeetalldrives.Eachofthesedrivesisimportantifwearetounderstandemployeemotivation.12.Whatistrueaboutthestudyofmotivation?A.Thestudyistootheoreticalandlackspractice.BItsmaingoalistoincreasetheprofitoforganizations.C.Thetheoryofmotivatingemployeesissetupinrecentyears.D.Itisimportantformanagersasitisrelatedtothesalaryofemployees.13.Whatisagainst“drivesofmotivation”?A.Thepanydistributesitsemployeesreasonably.B.Thepanysetsprofoundgoalsforitsemployees.C.Employeesgainasenseofpersonalbelonginginthepany.D.Thepaniesprovideemployeeswithspiritualencouragement.14.Howdoes“thedrivetoprehend”helpemployeesperformbetter?A.Itcanhelpemployeessethighergoals.B.Itcanprovideemployeeswithrepetitivetasks.C.Ithelpsemployeesrealizetheirownvaluetothepany.D.Ithelpsemployeesunderstandthedevelopmentoftheirorganizations.15.Whatdoestheauthorintendtoshowinparagraphfive?A.Itisnotdifficulttomeetthedrivetodefend.B.Itissignificanttomergewithanotherpany.C.Itisveryimportanttovoiceemployees’ownopinions.D.Itisthemostdifficulttodistributeorganizationalresource.【答案】12.A13.B14.C15.C【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要討論了如何激勵員工，研究了影響員工動機的三個驅(qū)動因素：獲取驅(qū)動、理解驅(qū)動和防御驅(qū)動。為了提高員工的工作表現(xiàn)和組織的整體發(fā)展，組織需要關(guān)注員工的這三個動機，并采取相應(yīng)的措施來滿足這些需求?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Scientistshavebeenresearchingthewaytogetemployeesmotivatedformanyyears.(多年來，科學家們一直在研究如何激勵員工。)”以及“Therelatedresearchbuildsthefundamentalandprehensivemodelforstudy.Thisisespeciallytruewhenthebusinessgoalistoturnunmotivatedteamsintoproductiveones.Buttheirresearchershavelimitations.Itislikestudyingthemovementsofcarwithouttakingouttheengine.(相關(guān)研究構(gòu)建了基礎(chǔ)性、綜合性的研究模型。當業(yè)務(wù)目標是將缺乏動力的團隊轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦挥谐尚У膱F隊時，這一點尤其正確。但他們的研究人員有局限性。這就像在不取出發(fā)動機的情況下研究汽車的運動。)”可知，關(guān)于員工激勵理論已經(jīng)建立很多年了；同時這個理論在當業(yè)務(wù)目標是將缺乏動力的團隊轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楦挥谐尚У膱F隊時是有效的，但是在其他方面是有局限性的，就像在不取出發(fā)動機的情況下研究汽車的運動，沒有實用性，可知“這項研究過于理論化，缺乏實踐性”正確。故選A。【13題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Organizationsneedtoensurethatthevariousjobrolesprovideemployeeswithsimulationthatchallengesthemorallowthemtogrow.Employeesdon’twanttodomeaninglessthingsormonotonousjob.Ifthejobdidn’tprovidethemwithpersonalmeaningandfulfillment,theywillleavethepany.(組織需要確保不同的工作角色為員工提供挑戰(zhàn)他們或允許他們成長的模擬。員工不想做無意義的事情或單調(diào)的工作。如果這份工作不能給他們帶來個人意義和成就感，他們就會離開公司。)”可知，組織需要確保各種職位為員工提供具有挑戰(zhàn)性或讓他們成長的機會。這與選項B“Thepanysetsprofoundgoalsforitsemployees.(公司為員工設(shè)定了深遠的目標)”相悖，因為這里強調(diào)的是任務(wù)的挑戰(zhàn)性和員工的成長，而不是“深遠”的目標。故選B?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Thedrivetoprehendmotivatesmanyemployeestohigherperformance.Foryears,ithasbeenknownthatsettingstretchgoalscangreatlyimpactperformance.

(對理解驅(qū)動激勵著許多員工追求更高的績效。多年來，人們已經(jīng)知道設(shè)定具有挑戰(zhàn)性的目標可以極大地影響績效。)”以及本段中“Ifthejobdidn’tprovidethemwithpersonalmeaningandfulfillment,theywillleavethepany.(如果這份工作不能給他們帶來個人意義和成就感，他們就會離開公司。)”可知，對理解的追求激勵著許多員工追求更高的績效，這給員工帶來個人意義和成就感，即“理解的動力”可以幫助員工更好地表現(xiàn)，因為它可以幫助員工實現(xiàn)自己對公司的價值。故選C。【15題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thedrivetodefendisoftenthehardestlevertopull.Thisdrivedisplaysitselfasaquesttocreateandpromotejustice,fairness,andtheabilitytoexpressourselvesfreely.

(防守驅(qū)動往往是最難拉的杠桿。這種動力表現(xiàn)為追求創(chuàng)造和促進正義、公平以及自由表達自己的能力。)”可知，在防守驅(qū)動中，自由表達自己的能力是非常重要的。C選項“Itisveryimportanttovoiceemployees’ownopinions.(表達員工自己的意見是非常重要的。)”與防守驅(qū)動的動力相符，即公平以及自由表達自己的能力。故選C。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。ANeurologist’sTipstoProtectYourMemoryAsweage,ourmemorydeclines.Thisisafixedassumptionformanypeople;however,accordingtoneuroscientistDr.RichardRestak,aneurologistandclinicalprofessor,declineisnotunavoidable.___16___.Herearesomeofhistipsfordevelopingandmaintainingahealthymemory.Paymoreattention.Somememorydeclinesareactuallyattentionproblems,notmemoryproblems.Forinstance,ifyou’veforgottenthenameofsomeoneyoumetatacocktailparty,itcouldbebecauseyouweretalkingwithseveralpeopleatthetime.Onewaytopayattentionwhenyoulearnnewinformationistovisualizetheword.___17___.Playgames.Dr.Restak’s“favoriteworkingmemorygame”is20Questions—inwhichagroupthinksofaperson,placeorobject,andtheotherperson,thequestioner,asks20questionswithayesornoanswer.Tosucceed,thequestionermustholdallofthepreviousanswersinmemoryinordertoguessthecorrectanswer.___18___.“Maintaininginformationandmovingitaroundinyourmind.”Restakwrote.Readmorenovels.Oneearlyindicatorofmemoryissues,accordingtoDr.Restak,isgivinguponfiction.“People,whentheybegintohavememorydifficulties,tendtoswitchtoreadingnonfiction.”Fictionrequiresactiveengagementwiththetext,startingatthebeginningandworkingthroughtotheend.___19___.Storingeverythingonyourphonemeansthat“youdon’tknowit.”Thiscandamageourownmentalabilities.Andthephonetakesourfocusawayfromthetaskathand.Findregulareverydaymemorychallenges.___20___.Dr.Restaksuggestedposingagrocerylistandmemorizingit.Whenyougettothestore,don’tautomaticallypulloutyourlist(oryourphone)—instead,pickupeverythingaccordingtoyourmemory.Onceinawhile,getinthecarwithoutturningonyourGPS,andtrytonavigatethroughthestreetsfrommemory.A.BewareoftechnologyB.SortoutthingsondevicesC.ThepointistoengageyourworkingmemoryD.However,wecanpreventthememorydeclineE.Ultimately,“wearewhatwecanremember,”hesaidF.HavingapictureassociatedwiththewordcanimproverecallG.Therearemanymemoryexercisesthatyoucanintegrateintoeverydaylife【答案】16.E17.F18.C19.A20.G【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文主要討論了如何保護和提高記憶力的方法，如更加專注于學習新信息，通過視覺化單詞來提高注意力；玩記憶游戲等。【16題詳解】根據(jù)前文“Asweage,ourmemorydeclines.Thisisafixedassumptionformanypeople;however,accordingtoneuroscientistDr.RichardRestak,aneurologistandclinicalprofessor,declineisnotunavoidable.

(隨著年齡的增長，我們的記憶力會衰退。對許多人來說，這是一個固定的假設(shè)；然而，根據(jù)神經(jīng)學家和臨床教授、神經(jīng)學家理查德·雷斯塔克博士的說法，衰退并非不可避免。)”可知，神經(jīng)學家和臨床教授、神經(jīng)學家理查德·雷斯塔克博士的說法，記憶衰退并非不可避免，在記憶衰退的過程中，我們最終就成為了我們所能夠記憶的樣子。E選項“Ultimately,“wearewhatwecanremember,”hesaid(他最終說：“我們就是我們所能記憶的東西?！?”承接前文，指出在記憶的衰退過程中，最終我們變成了我們能夠記憶的樣子，該選項符合語境。故選E。【17題詳解】根據(jù)前文的“Onewaytopayattentionwhenyoulearnnewinformationistovisualizetheword.(當你學習新信息時，集中注意力的一種方法是將單詞形象化。)”可知，此處強調(diào)的是將單詞形象化。后文應(yīng)該對該方法進行具體舉例說明。F選項“Havingapictureassociatedwiththewordcanimproverecall(與單詞相關(guān)的圖片可以提高記憶力)”中，強調(diào)將單詞與相關(guān)的圖片聯(lián)系到一起，即解釋的事單詞的形象化。該選項承接前文，符合語境。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)本段最后一句“Maintaininginformationandmovingitaroundinyourmind.(保持信息并在大腦中移動。)”可知，這里強調(diào)的是要讓你的大腦活躍起來。C選項“Thepointistoengageyourworkingmemory(關(guān)鍵是要調(diào)動你的工作記憶)”強調(diào)的是調(diào)動你的工作記憶，讓大腦運轉(zhuǎn)起來，符合語境。故選C?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)后文中“Storingeverythingonyourphonemeansthat“youdon’tknowit.”Thiscandamageourownmentalabilities.Andthephonetakesourfocusawayfromthetaskathand.(把所有東西都存到上意味著“你不知道”。這會損害我們自己的心智能力。會分散我們手頭工作的注意力。)”可知，本段強調(diào)的是避免將所有的信息都通過（科技技術(shù)）來存儲，這樣會分散自己手頭上的注意力，降低自己的記憶。A選項“Bewareoftechnology(小心技術(shù))”概括本段內(nèi)容，強調(diào)“小心技術(shù)”符合語境。故選A?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)本段段旨“Findregulareverydaymemorychallenges.(找到有規(guī)律的日常記憶挑戰(zhàn)。)”可知，本段強調(diào)的是有規(guī)律的進行日常記憶挑戰(zhàn)。G選項“Therearemanymemoryexercisesthatyoucanintegrateintoeverydaylife(有很多記憶練習可以融入日常生活)”中強調(diào)很多記憶聯(lián)系可以融入到日常生活，形成呼應(yīng)，符合語境。故選G。第三部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。Ethanwaspassionateaboutplayingtheguitar.Everydayafterschool,hewouldrushhome,___21___hisguitar,andlosehimselfinthemelodies.Oneday,anopportunity___22___Ethan’sdoor.Thevillagewashostingatalentshow,andEthandecidedtoparticipate.___23___,doubtsstartedtocreepintohismind.Thefearoffailurebeganto___24___him.ButEthan’sgrandfathersharedhisstory.Hehadadreamofbeinga___25___butfilledwithselfdoubt,sohedecidedtoseekguidancefromawiseoldartist.Theartistlistenedtohisworriesandofferedhima___26___topaintapictureonalargecanvasinfrontofacrowd.___27___bythechallenge,hehesitated.Thewiseartistsmiled,“Paintfromyourheartand___28___yoursoulintoeverystroke.Thebeautyliesnotin___29___,butintheauthenticity(真實)ofyourcreation.”Encouragedbythesewords,hepaintedwithpassion,lettinghisemotionsguidehisbrush.Thecrowdwatchedinaweasabeautifulmasterpiece____30____onthecanvas.Finishingthestory,Ethan’sgrandfathersaid,“Thatday,Irealizedthatsuccessisnot____31____byhowperfectweareorhowwe____32____others.”Inspiredbyhisgrandfather’sstory,Ethanpracticed____33____andpouredhisheartintoevery____34____.Whenthedayarrived,theaudiencewascaptivatedbyhisperformance.Atthatmoment,herealizedthathisselfdoubtshadheldhimback,butnowhewas____35____.21.A.buy B.grab C.pull D.touch22.A.beatout B.kickedout C.knockedon D.crashedinto23.A.Therefore B.Moreover C.Meanwhile D.However24.A.consume B.conquer C.excite D.delight25.A.teacher B.painter C.doctor D.singer26.A.chance B.guide C.challenge D.task27.A.Affected B.Confused C.Frightened D.Overwhelmed28.A.throw B.pour C.invest D.send29.A.excellence B.accuracy C.perfection D.imagination30.A.emerged B.served C.rose D.concentrated31.A.illustrated B.shown C.stated D.defined32.A.municatewith B.engagein C.relateto D.pareto33.A.carefully B.tirelessly C.contently D.happily34.A.note B.rhythm C.tempo D.tune35.A.confident B.free C.proficient D.skilled【答案】21.B22.C23.D24.A25.B26.C27.D28.B29.C30.A31.D32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇記敘文。本文講述了伊桑熱愛吉他，每天都會沉浸在音樂中。有一天，村子里舉辦才藝秀，伊桑決定參加。然而，他開始懷疑自己，害怕失敗。在祖父的故事啟發(fā)下，他用心練習吉他，并在比賽中傾注了心血。最終，他的演出感動了觀眾?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每天放學后，他都會沖回家，抓起吉他，沉浸在旋律中。A.buy買；B.grab抓?。籆.pull拉；D.touch觸摸。根據(jù)“hisguitar,andlosehimselfinthemelodies”可知，伊桑熱愛吉他，每天放學后，他都會沖回家，抓起吉他，沉浸在旋律中。故選B。【22題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：一天，一個機會來到了伊桑的家。A.beatout擊敗；B.kickedout踢出；C.knockedon敲門；D.crashedinto撞入。根據(jù)“Ethan’sdoor.”可知，一個機會敲了伊桑的家（來到了伊桑的家）。故選C。【23題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，懷疑開始潛入