交互綜合英語（23-24-1）學(xué)習(xí)通超星期末考試章節(jié)答案2024年Directions:

Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet.Passage3Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Navigationcomputers,nowsoldbymostcar-makers,cost$2,000andup.Nosurprise,then,thattheyaremostoftenfoundinluxurycars,likeLexus,BMWandAudi.Butitisadevelopingtechnology-meaningpricesshouldeventuallydrop-andthemarketdoesseemtobegrowing.Evenatcurrentprices,anavigationcomputerisimpressive.Itcanguideyoufrompointtopointinmostmajorcitieswithpreciseturn-by-turndirections-spokenbyaclearhuman-soundingvoice,andwrittenonascreeninfrontofthedriver.Thecomputerworkswithanantenna(天線)thattakessignalsfromnofewerthanthreeofthe24globalpositioningsystem(GPS)satellites.Bymeasuringthetimerequiredforasignaltotravelbetweenthesatellitesandtheantenna,thecar'slocationcanbepinneddownwithin100meters.Thesatellitesignals,alongwithinputsonspeedfromawheel-speedsensoranddirectionfromameter,determinethecar'spositionevenasitmoves.Thisinformationiscombinedwithamapdatabase.Streets,landmarksandpointsofinterestareincluded.Mostsystemsarebasicallyidentical.Thedifferencescomeinhardware-thewaythecomputeracceptsthedriver'srequestfordirectionsandthewayitpresentsthedrivinginstructions.Onmostsystems,adriverentersadesiredaddress,motorwayjunctionorpointofinterestviaatouchscreenordisc.ButtheLexusscreengoesastepfurther:youcanpointtoanyspotonthemapscreenandgetdirectionstoit.BMW'ssystemoffersasetofcrosshairs(瞄準(zhǔn)器上的十字紋)thatcanbemovedacrossthemap(youhaveseveralchoicesofmapscale)topickapointyou'dliketogetto.Audi'sscreencanbeswitchedtoTVreception.Eventhevoicesthatrecitethedirectionscandiffer,withbettersystemslikeBMW'sandLexus'shavingawidervocabulary.TheinstructionsareavailableinFrench,German,Spanish,DutchandItalian,aswellasEnglish.Thedrivercanalsochooseparametersfordeterminingtheroute:fastest,shortestornofreeways(高速公路),forexample.1.

Welearnfromthepassagethatnavigationcomputers________.

A)willgreatlypromotesalesofautomobiles

B)mayhelpsolvepotentialtrafficproblems

C)arelikelytobeacceptedbymoredrivers

D)willssoonbeviewedasasymbolofluxury2.

Withanavigationcomputer,adriverwilleasilyfindthebestroutetohisdestination________.

A)byinputtingtheexactaddress

B)byindicatingthelocationofhiscar

C)bycheckinghiscomputerdatabase

D)bygivingvocalorderstothecomputer3.

Despitetheirvarieddesigns,navigationcomputersusedincars________.

A)aremoreorlessthesameprice

B)providedirectionsinmuchthesameway

C)workonmoreorlessthesameprinciples

D)receiveinstructionsfromthesamesatellites4.

Thenavigationcomputerfunctions________.

A)bymeansofadirectionfinderandaspeeddetector

B)basicallyonsatellitesignalsandamapdatabase

C)mainlythroughthereceptionofturn-by-turndirections

D)byusingascreentodisplaysatellitesignals5.

ThenavigationsystemsincarslikeLexus,BMWandAudiarementionedtoshow________.

A)theimmaturityofthenewtechnology

B)thesuperiorityoftheglobalpositioningsystem

C)thecauseofpricefluctuationsincarequipment

D)thedifferentwaysofprovidingguidancetothedriver

答案:C;A;C;B;DDirections:

Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet.Passage2Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Itishardlynecessaryformetocitealltheevidenceofthedepressingstateofliteracy.ThesefiguresfromtheDepartmentofEducationaresufficient:27millionAmericanscannotreadatall,andafurther35millionreadatalevelthatislessthansufficienttosurviveinoursociety.Butmyownworrytodayislessthatoftheoverwhelmingproblemofelementalliteracythanitisoftheslightlymoreluxuriousproblemofthedeclineintheskillevenofthemiddle-classreader,ofhisunwillingnesstoaffordthosespacesofsilence,thoseluxuriesofdomesticityandtimeandconcentration,thatsurroundtheimageoftheclassicactofreading.ithasbeensuggestedthatalmost80percentofAmerica'sliterate,educatedteenagerscannolongerreadwithoutanaccompanyingnoise(music)inthebackgroundoratelevisionscreenflickering（閃爍）atthecorneroftheirfieldofperception.Weknowverylittleaboutthebrainandhowitdealswithsimultaneousconflictinginput,buteverycommon-senseintuitionsuggestsweshouldbeprofoundlyalarmed.Thisviolationofconcentration,silence,solitude（獨處的狀態(tài)）goestotheveryheartofournotionofliteracy;thisnewformofpart-reading,ofpart-perceptionagainstbackgrounddistraction,rendersimpossiblecertainessentialactsofapprehensionandconcentration,letalonethatmostimportanttributeanyhumanbeingcanpaytoapoemorapieceofproseheorshereallyloves,whichistolearnitbyheart.Notbybrain,byheart;theexpressionisvital.Underthesecircumstances,thequestionofwhatfuturethereisfortheartsofreadingisarealone.Aheadofuslietechnical,psychic（心理的）,andsocialtransformationsprobablymuchmoredramaticthanthosebroughtaboutbyGutenberg,theGermaninventorinprinting.TheGutenbergrevolution,aswenowknowit,tookalongtime;itseffectsarestillbegindebated.Theinformationrevolutionwilltoucheveryfacetofcomposition,publication,distribution,andreading.Nooneinthebookindustrycansaywithanyconfidencewhatwillhappentothebookaswe'veknownit.1.

ThepictureofthereadingabilityoftheAmericanpeople,drawnbytheauthor,is_____.

A)ratherbleak

B)fairlybright

C)veryimpressive

D)quiteencouraging2.

Theauthor'sbiggestconcernis____________.

A)elementaryschoolchildren'sdisinterestinreadingclassics

B)thesurprisinglylowrateofliteracyintheU.S.

C)themusicalsettingAmericanreadersrequireforreading

D)thereadingabilityandreadingbehaviorofthemiddleclass3.

Amajorproblemwithmostadolescentswhocanreadis___________.

A)theirfondnessofmusicandTVprograms

B)theirignoranceofvariousformsofartandliterature

C)theirlackofattentivenessandbasicunderstanding

D)theirinabilitytofocusonconflictinginput4.

Theauthorclaimsthatthebestwayareadercanshowadmirationforapieceofpoetryorproseis________.

A)tobeabletoappreciateitandmemorizeit

B)toanalyzeitsessentialfeatures

C)tothinkitoverconscientiously

D)tomakeafairappraisalofitsartisticvalue5.

Aboutthefutureoftheartsofreadingtheauthorfeels____________.

A)upset

B)uncertain

C)alarmed

D)pessimistic

答案:A;D;C;A;BDirections:

Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet.Passage3Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Warmaybeanaturalexpressionofbiologicalinstinctsanddrivestowardaggressioninthehumanspecies.Naturalimpulsesofanger,hostility,andterritoriality(守衛(wèi)地盤的天性)areexpressedthroughactsofviolence.Thesesareallqualitiesthathumanssharewithanimals.Aggressionisakindofinnate(天生的)survivalmechanism,aninstinctforself-preservation,thatallowsanimalstodefendthemselvesfromthreatstotheirexistence.But,ontheotherhand,humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehavior.Inthecaseofhumanaggression,violencecannotbesimplyreducedtoaninstinct.Themanyexpressionsofhumanviolencearealwaysconditionedbysocialconventionsthatgiveshapetoaggressivebehavior.Inhumansocietiesviolencehasasocialfunction:Itisastrategyforcreatingordestroyingformsofsocialorder.Religioustraditionshavetakenaleadingroleindirectingthepowersofviolence.Wewilllookattheritualandethical(道德上的)patternswithinwhichhumanviolencehasbeendirected.

Theviolencewithinasocietyiscontrolledthroughinstitutionsoflaw.Themoredevelopedalegalsystembecomes,themoresocietytakesresponsibilityforthediscovery,control,andpunishmentofviolentacts.Inmosttribalsocietiestheonlymeanstodealwithanactofviolenceisrevenge.Eachfamilygroupmayhavetheresponsibilityforpersonallycarryingoutjudgmentandpunishmentuponthepersonwhocommittedtheoffense.Butinlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused.Thesocietyassumestheresponsibilityforprotectingindividualsfromviolence.Incaseswheretheycannotbeprotected,thesocietyisresponsibleforimposingpunishment.Inasatecontrolledlegalsystem,individualsareremovedfromthecyclesofrevengemotivatedbyactsofviolence,andthestateassumesresponsibilityfortheirprotection.

Theothersideofastatelegalapparatusisastatemilitaryapparatus.Whiletheoneprotectstheindividualfromviolence,theothersacrificestheindividualtoviolenceintheinterestsofthestate.Inwarthestateaffirmsitssupremepowerovertheindividualswithinitsownborders.Warisnotsimplyatrialbycombattosettledisputesbetweenstates;itisthemomentwhenthestatemakesitsmostpowerfuldemandsuponitspeoplefortheirrecommitment,allegiance,andsupremesacrifice.Timesofwartestacommunity’sdeepestreligiousandethicalcommitments.1.

Humanviolenceshowsevidenceofbeingalearnedbehaviorinthat______.

A)itthreatenstheexistingsocialsystems

B)itisinfluencedbysociety

C)ithasrootsinreligiousconflicts

D)itisdirectedagainstinstitutionsoflaw2.

Thefunctionoflegalsystems,accordingtothepassage,is______.

A)tocontrolviolencewithinasociety

B)toprotecttheworldfromchaos

C)tofreesocietyfromtheideaofrevenge

D)togivethegovernmentabsolutepower3.

Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“…inlegalsystems,theresponsibilityforrevengebecomesdepersonalizedanddiffused”(Lines5-6,Para.2)

A)Legalsystemsgreatlyreducethepossibilitiesofphysicalviolence.

B)Offensesagainstindividualsarenolongerjudgedonapersonalbasis.

C)Victimsofviolencefinditmoredifficulttotakerevenge.

D)Punishmentisnotcarriedoutdirectlybytheindividualsinvolved.4.

Theword“allegiance”(Line5,Para.3)isclosestinmeaningto______.

A)loyalty

B)objective

C)survival

D)motive5.

Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?

A)Governmentstendtoabusetheirsupremepowerintimesofwar.

B)Intimesofwargovernmentsmayextendtheirpoweracrossnationalborders.C)Intimesofwargovernmentsimposehighreligiousandethicalstandardsontheirpeople.

D)Governmentsmaysacrificeindividualsintheinterestsofthestateintimesofwar.

答案:B;A;A;A;DDirections:

Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteron

AnswerSheet.Passage2Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:Whenglobalwarmingfinallycame,itstuckwithavengeance(異乎尋常地).Insomeregions,temperaturesroseseveraldegreesinlessthanacentury.Sealevelsshotupnearly400feet,floodingcoastalsettlementsandforcingpeopletomigrateinland.DesertsspreadthroughouttheworldasvegetationshifteddrasticallyinNorthAmerica,EuropeandAsia.Afterdrivingmanyoftheanimalsaroundthemtonearextinction,peoplewereforcedtoabandontheiroldwayoflifefroaradicallynewsurvivalstrategythatresultedinwidespreadstarvationanddisease.Theadaptationwasfarming:theglobal-warmingcrisisthatgaverisetoithappenedmorethan10,000yearsago.

AsenvironmentalistsconveneinRiodeJaneirothisweektopondertheglobalclimateofthefuture,earthscientistsareinthemidstofarevolutioninunderstandinghowclimatehaschangedinthepast—andhowthosechangeshavetransformedhumanexistence.Researchershavebeguntopiecetogetheranilluminatingpictureofthepowerfulgeologicalandastronomicalforcesthathavecombinedtochangetheplanet’senvironmentfromhottocold,wettodryandbackagainoveratimeperiodstretchingbackhundredsofmillionsofyears.

Mostimportant,scientistsarebeginningtorealizethattheclimaticchangeshavehadamajorimpactontheevolutionofthehumanspecies.Newresearchnowsuggeststhatclimateshiftshaveplayedakeyroleinnearlyeverysignificantturningpointinhumanevolution:fromthedawnofprimates(靈長目動物)some65millionyearsagotohumanancestorsrisinguptowalkontwolegs,fromthehugeexpansionofthehumanbraintotheriseofagriculture.Indeed,thehumanhistoryhasnotbeenmerelytouchedbyglobalclimatechange,somescientistsargue,ithasinsomeinstancesbeendrivenbyit.

ThenewresearchhasprofoundimplicationsfortheenvironmentalsummitinRio.Amongotherthings,thefindingsdemonstratethatdramaticclimatechangeisnothingnewforplanetEarth.Thebenign(宜人的)globalenvironmentthathasexistedoverthepast10,000years—duringwhichagriculture,writing,citiesandmostotherfeaturesofcivilizationappeared—isamerebrightspotinamuchlargerpatternofwidelyvaryingclimateovertheages.Infact,thepatternofclimatechangeinthepastrevealsthatEarth’sclimatewillalmostcertainlygothroughdramaticchangesinthefuture—evenwithouttheinfluenceofhumanactivity.1.

Farmingemergedasasurvivalstrategybecausemanhadbeenobliged______.

A)togiveuphisformerwayoflife

B)topleavethecoastalareas

C)tofollowtheever-shiftingvegetation

D)toabandonhisoriginalsettlement2.

Earthscientistshavecometounderstandthatclimate______.

A)isgoingthroughafundamentalchange

B)hasbeengettingwarmerfor10,000years

C)willeventuallychangefromhottocold

D)hasgonethroughperiodicalchanges3.

Scientistsbelievethathumanevolution______.

A)hasseldombeenaccompaniedbyclimaticchanges

B)hasexertedlittleinfluenceonclimaticchanges

C)haslargelybeenaffectedbyclimaticchanges

D)hashadamajorimpactonclimaticchanges4.

Evidenceofpastclimaticchangesindicatesthat______.

A)humanactivitieshaveacceleratedchangesofEarth’senvironment

B)Earth’senvironmentwillremainmilddespitehumaninterference

C)Earth’sclimateisboundtochangesignificantlyinthefuture

D)Earth’sclimateisunlikelytoundergosubstantialchangesinthefuture5.

Themessagetheauthorwishestoconveyinthepassageisthat______.

A)humancivilizationremainsgloriousthoughitisaffectedbyclimaticchanges

B)mankindisvirtuallyhelplessintheeffaceofthedramaticchangesofclimate

C)manhastolimithisactivitiestoslowdowntheglobalwarmingprocess

D)humancivilizationwillcontinuetodevelopinspiteofthechangesofnature

答案:A;B;C;C;CDirections:Thereare3passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet.PassageOneQuestions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Aboutthetimethatschoolsandothersquitereasonablybecameinterestedinseeingtoitthatallchildren,whatevertheirbackground,werefairlytreated,intelligencetestingbecameunpopular.Somethoughtitwasunfairtominoritychildren.Throughthepastfewdecadessuchtestinghasgoneoutoffashionandmanycommunitieshaveindeedforbiddenit.However,paradoxically,justrecentlyagroupofblackparentsfiledalawsuit(訴訟)inCaliforniaclaimingthatthestate'sbanonIQtestingdiscriminatesagainsttheirchildrenbydenyingthemtheopportunitytotakethetest.(Theybelieved,correctly,thatIQtestsareavalidmethodofevaluatingchildrenforspecialeducationclasses.)Thejudge,therefore,reversed,atleastpartially,hisoriginaldecision.Andsotheargumentgoesonandon.Doesitbenefitorharmchildrenfromminoritygroupstohavetheirintelligencetested?Wehavealwaysbeenonthesideofpermitting,evenfacilitating,suchtesting.Ifachildofanycolororgroupisdoingpoorlyinschoolitseemstousveryimportanttoknowwhetheritisbecauseheorsheisoflowintelligence,orwhethersomeotherfactoristhecause.Whatschoolandfamilycandotoimprovepoorperformanceisinfluencedbyitscause.Itisnotdiscriminativetoevaluateeitherachild'sphysicalconditionorhisintellectuallevel.Unfortunately,intellectuallevelseemstobeasensitivesubject,andwhatthelawallowsustodovariesfromtimetotime.Thesamefluctuationbackandforthoccursinareasotherthanintelligence.Thirtyyearsorsoago,forinstance,whitefamilieswereencouragedtoadoptblackchildren.Itwasconsidereddiscriminativenottodoso.Andthenthestylechangedandthiscross-racialadoptingbecamegenerallyunpopular,andsocialagenciesfeltthatblackchildrenshouldgotoblackfamiliesonly.Itishardtosaywhatarethebestprocedures.Butsurelygoodwillonthepartofallofusisneeded.Astointelligence,inouropinion,themoreweknowaboutanychild'sintellectuallevel,thebetterforthechildinquestion.1.

Whydidtheintelligencetestbecomeunpopularinthepastfewdecades?

A)Itsvaliditywaschallengedbymanycommunities.

B)Itwasconsidereddiscriminativeagainstminoritychildren.

C)Itmetwithstrongoppositionfromthemajorityofblackparents.

D)Itdeprivedtheblackchildrenoftheirrightstoagoodeducation.2.

TherecentlegalactiontakenbysomeblackparentsinCaliforniaaimedto________.

A)drawpublicattentiontoIQtesting

B)putanendtospecialeducation

C)removethestate'sbanonintelligencetests

D)havetheirchildrenenterwhiteschools3.

Theauthorbelievesthatintelligencetesting________.

A)mayeaseracialconfrontationintheUnitedStates

B)canencourageblackchildrentokeepupwithwhitechildren

C)mayseriouslyaggravateracialdiscriminationintheUnitedStates

D)canhelpblackparentsmakedecisionsabuttheirchildren'seducation4.

Theauthor'sopinionofchildadoptionseemstobethat________.

A)noruleswhatsoevercanbeprescribed

B)whitefamiliesshouldadoptblackchildren

C)adoptionshouldbebasedonIQtestresults

D)cross-racialadoptionistobeadvocated5.

Childadoptionismentionedinthepassagetoshowthat________.

A)goodwillmaysometimescomplicateracialproblems

B)socialsurroundingsarevitaltothehealthygrowthofchildren

C)intelligencetestingalsoappliestonon-academicareas

D)Americanopinioncanshiftwhenitcomestosensitiveissues

答案:B;A;D;A;CDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblank