六

麥葉蜂綠色防控

VI.GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly

（一）發(fā)生與為害情況

OccurrenceandDamage小麥葉蜂又稱小黏蟲，屬膜翅目葉蜂科。分布廣泛．主要發(fā)生在淮河以北麥區(qū)，在川渝兩地部分麥區(qū)時(shí)有發(fā)生，屬間歇性猖獗害蟲。為害麥類作物及看麥娘等雜草，以幼蟲為害麥葉，從葉邊緣向內(nèi)咬食成缺刻，重者可將麥葉全部吃光。

Wheatsawfly,alsoknownassmallarmyworm,fallsintoTenthredinidae,Hymenoptera.Itiswidelydistributed,mainlyinthewheatregionsnorthofHuaiheRiver,andoccasionallyinsomewheatregionsinSichuanandChongqing.Itisakindofintermittentrampantpest.Itdamagestriticeaecropsandweedssuchasamurfoxtail.Itslarvaedamagewheatleaves,bitinginwardfromtheedgeofaleaftoformanotch,andeatingupallthewheatleavesinseriouscases.六麥葉蜂綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別

MorphologicalRecognition

1、成蟲

體長8～9.8mm，黑色微帶藍(lán)色光澤，后胸兩側(cè)各有一白斑。翅透明膜質(zhì)，帶有極細(xì)的淡黃色斑。胸腹部光滑，散有細(xì)刻點(diǎn)。小盾片黑色近三角形，有細(xì)稀刻點(diǎn)。

1.Imago.8-9.8mmlong,blackwithslightblueluster,andthereisawhitespotoneachsideofthemetathorax.Transparentandmembranouswings,withverythinyellowishspots.Smooththoraxandabdomen,withscatteredfinepuncta.Smallblackscutellum,nearlytriangular,withfineandthinpuncta.

2、卵

腎形，略扁平，淡黃色，表面光滑。

2.Egg.Kidneyshaped,slightlyflat,lightyellow,andsmoothsurface.

3、幼蟲

共5齡，末齡幼蟲體長18～19mm，圓筒狀，胸部稍粗，腹末稍細(xì)，各節(jié)具橫皺紋。頭黃褐色，胸腹部灰綠色，背面暗藍(lán)色，末節(jié)背面具暗色斑1對(duì)，腹足基部有1暗色斑紋。

3.Larva.5nymphalinstars.Afinal-instarlarvais18-19mmlong,cylindric,withaslightlythickerthorax,aslightlythinnerventralend,andtransversewrinklesateachsegment.Yellowish-brownhead,grayishgreenthoraxandabdomen,darkblueback,withapairofdarkspotsonthebackofthedistalsegment,andadarkstripeonthebaseofthepleopod.

4、蛹

長9.8mm，雄蛹略小，淡黃到棕黑色。頭胸部粗大，腹部細(xì)小，末端分叉。

4.Pupa.9.8mmlong.Malesareslightlysmaller,yellowishtobrownishblack.Thickandbigcephalothorax,smallabdomen,withbifurcatedends.六麥葉蜂綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly六麥葉蜂綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawflyWheatSawfly六麥葉蜂綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律

小麥葉蜂在我國1年發(fā)生l代，以蛹的形態(tài)在土壤20～25cm深處越冬，春季氣溫回升后開始羽化，成蟲用鋸狀產(chǎn)卵器將卵產(chǎn)在葉片主脈旁邊的組織中。l～2齡幼蟲終日棲居在麥株上并為害葉片，3齡后，白天潛伏在麥根附件土塊下或麥叢中，黃昏轉(zhuǎn)小麥上部危害。幼蟲有假死性，受驚動(dòng)時(shí)常身體卷曲成圓圈狀墜落。一般于4月中下旬進(jìn)入危害盛期，5月上中旬老熟幼蟲入土作繭休眠，9至10月化蛹越冬。Wheatsawflyhas1generationinayearinChina.Itoverwintersintheformofpupaeatthedepthof20-25cminthesoil,andbeginstoemergeafterthetemperaturerisesinspring.Itsadultsusesaw-shapedovipositorstolayeggsinthetissuesbesidethemainveinsofleaves.Larvaeinthe1stto2ndinstarsinhabitwheatplantsanddamageleavesalldaylong.Afterthe3rdinstar,theylurkunderthesoilblocksnearthewheatrootsorinthewheatbushesduringtheday,anddamagetheupperpartsatdusk.Thelarvaefeigndeath,usuallycurlupandfallinacirclewhentheyarefrightened.Generally,theyenterthepeakperiodofdamageinthemiddleandlateApril.MaturelarvaeenterthesoilinthefirstandmiddleofMaytococoonandsleep,andpupateandoverwinterfromSeptembertoOctober.

麥葉蜂為麥田的偶發(fā)性害蟲，常年雖有發(fā)生，但僅在局部地區(qū)發(fā)生危害，一般在冬季氣溫偏高、土壤濕潤，春季氣溫偏低、土壤濕度大時(shí)，適宜發(fā)生和危害。Wheatsawflyisanoccasionalpestinwheatfields.Althoughitoccursthroughouttheyear,itonlycausesdamageinlocalareas.Generally,itissuitableforoccurrenceanddamagewhenthetemperatureishighandthesoiliswetinwinter,andthetemperatureislowandthesoilhumidityishighinspring.六麥葉蜂綠色防控GreenPreventionandControlofWheatSawfly（四）防治技術(shù)

ControlTechnique

1、合理耕作，種麥前深耕，有條件地區(qū)實(shí)行水旱輪作，可減輕危害。小麥播種前深耕細(xì)耙，破壞其化蛹越冬場所，或?qū)⑿菝哂挤镣帘頇C(jī)械殺死或凍死。1.Reasonabletillage,deeptillagebeforewheatplanting,andpaddy-drylandrotationinareaswhereconditionsareavailablemayreducethedamage.Beforewheatsowing,plowandharrowdeeplytodestroythehibernaculumforpupation,orturnthedormantpupaetothesoilsurfaceandkillthemmechanicallyorfreezethemtodeath.

2、利用幼蟲有假死性，早晨或傍晚振動(dòng)麥株，使幼蟲掉落，集中收集并殺死。2.Vibratethewheatplantsinthemorningoreveningtodropthelarvaewhentheyfeigndeath,thencollectandkillthem.

3、藥劑防治

一般應(yīng)掌握在幼蟲3齡前進(jìn)行?？捎酶咝确杈挣?、阿維·高氯氟、甲維·高氯氟等。3.Chemic