詞性和句子成分十大詞類:根據(jù)英語單詞所表達(dá)的含義以及在句子中的作用，把英語單詞分為10個(gè)類別，即:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。根據(jù)部分詞類具有的共同特征，又將十大詞類分為兩大部分，即:實(shí)詞和虛詞實(shí)詞:名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞、形容詞。特征:具有完整的詞義；能夠在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分。虛詞:冠詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。特征:沒有完整的意思；不能夠在句子中獨(dú)立充當(dāng)句子成分，必須和實(shí)詞搭配，才能充當(dāng)句子成分。預(yù)備知識(shí)點(diǎn)一:詞類概述一、句子成分概述:組成句子的各個(gè)部分叫句子成分。英語的句子最多由八個(gè)句子成分組成，即主語、謂語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語以及同位語。注:主語和謂語是句子的主體部分（在英文中一般的句子必須有主語和謂語）。membersofsentences主語:subjectS謂語:predicateV賓語:objectO表語:predicative定語:attributive賓語補(bǔ)足語:objectcomplement狀語:adverbial句子成分找出句子中的主語1.Duringthe1990s,Americancountrymusichasbecomemoreandmorepopular.

2.WeoftenspeakEnglishinclass.

3.One-thirdofthestudentsinthisclassaregirls.

3.Toswimintheriverisagreatpleasure.

4.Smokingdoesharmtothehealth.

5.Therichshouldhelpthepoor.

6.WhenwearegoingtohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.

7.Itisnecessarytomasteraforeignlanguage.一般位于句首,動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者。2.常用名詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞（動(dòng)詞不定時(shí)或動(dòng)名詞）、代詞、數(shù)詞和主語從句充當(dāng)。1.Hepracticesrunningeverymorning.2.Youmaykeepthebookfortwoweeks.3.Hehascaughtabadcold.4.Wearestudents.謂語:1.主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。2.謂語由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組充當(dāng)。系動(dòng)詞加表語可構(gòu)成謂語。1.Theywenttoseeanexhibitionyesterday.2.Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.3.Howmanydictionariesdoyouhave?Ihavefive.4.Theyhelpedtheoldwiththeirhouseworkyesterday.5.Hepretendednottoseeme.

6.Ienjoylisteningtopopularmusic.7.Ithink（that）heisfitforhisoffice.8.Lendmeyourdictionary,please.9.Theygavemesomemoney.賓語:賓語表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者，一般位于及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）和介詞（prep.）后面。1.HisfathernamedhimDongMing.2.Theypaintedtheirboatwhite.3.Letthefreshairin.4.Youmustn’tforcehimtolendhismoneytoyou.5.Wesawherenteringtheroom.6.Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.7.Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.賓語補(bǔ)足語1.對(duì)賓語起補(bǔ)充說明作用，使句子意義完整。2.結(jié)構(gòu):Vt+賓語+賓補(bǔ)（如make等+賓語+賓補(bǔ)）3.賓補(bǔ)可由名詞、形容詞、副詞、不定式、分詞、介詞短語和從句充當(dāng)。

1.OurteacherofEnglishisanAmerican.2.Isityours?3.Theweatherhasturnedcold.4.Thespeechisexciting.5.Threetimessevenistwentyone?6.HisjobistoteachEnglish.7.Hishobbyisplayingfootball.8.Themachinemustbeoutoforder.9.Timeisup.Theclassisover.10.Thetruthisthatheislying.表語:1.一般位于系動(dòng)詞后（be動(dòng)詞，五大感官動(dòng)詞，變化v，保持v)。2.表語一般由名詞、形容詞表示。Theweatherhasturnedcold.HishobbyisplayingfootballHis1.GuiLinisabeautifulcity.2.Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.3.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.4.HisrapidprogressinEnglishmadeussurprised.5.Ourmonitorisalwaysthefirstonetoentertheclassroom.6.Theteachingplanfornexttermhasbeenworkedout.7.HeisreadinganarticleabouthowtolearnEnglish.定語:1.修飾名詞或代詞，起限定，具體說明的作用2.在漢語中常用“….的”來表示。狀語1.用來修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子,表示事情發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、結(jié)果、程度等等。狀語種類如下:

Howaboutmeetingagainatsix?

Lastnightshedidn’tgotothedancepartybecauseoftherain.

Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train.

MrSmithlivesonthethirdfloor.

Sheputtheeggsintothebasketwithgreatcare.

Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.Inordertocatchupwiththeothers,Imustworkharder.

Hewassotiredthathefellasleepimmediately.（

Sheworksveryhardthoughsheisold.

（時(shí)間狀語）（原因狀語）（條件狀語）（地點(diǎn)狀語）（方式狀語）（伴隨狀語）（目的狀語）（結(jié)果狀語）（讓步狀語）同位語:同位語是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞，對(duì)前者加以說明的成分。如:Westudentsshouldstudyhard.Weallarestudents.Thenewsthatwewonthefirstexcitedus.練習(xí)說出下列劃線部分單詞或詞組在句子中各充當(dāng)什么成分Idon'tlikethepictureonthewall.Mybrotherhasn'tdonehishomework.Itisagreatpleasuretotalkwithyou.Hebrokeapieceofglass.

Hewrotecarefullysomeletterstohisfriends.

主謂語賓語定語主語謂語謂語謂語主主主定語賓語賓語狀語定語賓語表語分析句子成分（定狀補(bǔ)同位）:

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFridayafternoon.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3Ishallgothereifitdoesn’train4Onceyoubegin,youmustcontinue

5Wefoundeverythinginthelabingoodorder.6Hisfavoritesport,playingvolleyball,takesmostofhissparetime.定語時(shí)間狀語定語從句條件狀語從句條件狀語從句賓語補(bǔ)足語定語定語同位語1WhentohaveanEnglishtesthasnotbeendecided.2Hehascaughtabadcold.3Thetruthisthathehasneverbeenabroad.4Theheavyrainpreventedmefromcomingtoschoolontime.5Wewillsoonmakeourcitywhatyourcityisnow.6Chinaisadevelopingcountry;Americaisadevelopedcountry.7Shecameinwithadictionaryinherhand.主語(subject)謂語(predicate)表語(predicative)賓語object賓語補(bǔ)足語objectcomplement定語attributive狀語adverbial句子的分類（按用途劃分）:陳述句;疑問句;祈使句;感嘆句

Doyoulikefootball?TomcanspeakgoodEnglish.Tomgetsupearlyeveryday.Whatacleverboyheis!Don’twasteyourtime!Howbeautifulsheis！Givemeapieceofpaper!按句子的結(jié)構(gòu)可分三種:1）簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語（或并列主語）和一個(gè)謂語（或并列謂語）。

HeoftenreadsEnglishinthemorning.

TomandMikeareAmericanboys.

Shelikesdrawingandoftendrawspicturesforthewallnewspapers.

2）并列句:由并列連詞（and,but,or等）或分號(hào)（；）把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成

Youhelphimandhehelpsyou.Thefutureisbright;theroadistortuous.3）復(fù)合句:含有一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上從句的句子TheforeignvisitorstookalotofpictureswhentheywereattheGreatWall.判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句（why）:

1.WeoftenstudyChinesehistoryonFriday.

2.TheboywhoofferedmehisseatiscalledTom.

3.HeisinClassOneandIaminClassTwo.

4.Hewasfondofdrawingwhenhewasyetachild.

5.Neitherhashechangedhismind,norwillhedoso.

6.Whathesaidatthemeetingisveryimportant.

7.Thefarmerisshowingtheboyhowtoplantatree.

8.BothTomandJackenjoycountrymusic.簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)合并列復(fù)合并列復(fù)合簡(jiǎn)單復(fù)合判斷下列句子是簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句:Thereisachairinthisroom,isn’tthere?2.MybrotherandIgotoschoolathalfpastseveninthemorningandcomebackhomeatsevenintheevening.3.Iheardquietvoicesinacorneroftheclassroom.4.Shebecameafineexampleforpeoplewhohavehadbadaccidentsorbadluck.HestudiesinOxford.JoeboughtJoanaradiobutshedidn’tlikeit.Putonyourcap,oryouwillcatchcold.Ididn’tfeelwell,soIwenttobedearly.并列句的分類

1、表示連接兩個(gè)同等概念，常用and,notonly…butalso…,neither…nor…,then等連接。e.g.Theteacher’snameisSmith,andthestudent’snameisJohn.

2、表示選擇，常用or,either…or…,等。e.g.Hurryup,oryou’llmissthetrain.

3、表示轉(zhuǎn)折，常用but,still,however,yet,while,when等。e.g.Hewasalittlemanwiththickglasses,buthehadastrangewayofmakinghisclasseslivelyandinteresting.

4.表示因果，常用有so,for,therefore等。e.g.Augustisthetimeoftheyearforriveharvest,soeverydayIworkfromdawnuntildark.一分耕耘一分收獲吳娜“一分耕耘、一分收獲”——教學(xué)反思促我成長(zhǎng)尊敬的各位領(lǐng)導(dǎo),親愛的各位同仁們:大家好!首先,我要感謝學(xué)校給我站上這個(gè)講臺(tái)鍛煉的寶貴機(jī)會(huì)。今天跟大家分享的,有自己的些許體會(huì),還有的來自于借鑒他人的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。講得不對(duì)的地方,還請(qǐng)大家多批評(píng)指正。其實(shí),如何寫好教學(xué)反思,跟前輩們比較起來,我的經(jīng)驗(yàn)是有限的,我的知識(shí)面是狹窄的。尤其在我剛進(jìn)入和平那幾年,寫反思對(duì)我來說是件很頭疼也很排斥的事情,可是經(jīng)過一段時(shí)間的掙扎和磨練,加上對(duì)課堂的深刻的認(rèn)識(shí)。我對(duì)寫反思的理解不再是把自己的教學(xué)流程以及存在的問題統(tǒng)統(tǒng)羅列出來了。而是不斷反思自己的教學(xué),分析成敗的原因,提煉教育教學(xué)思想,從而促進(jìn)了自己撰寫反思的水平和教育教學(xué)能力。這也驗(yàn)證了美國心理學(xué)家波斯納提出的教師成長(zhǎng)公式:經(jīng)驗(yàn)+反思=成長(zhǎng)。作為一名教師要想在專業(yè)上成長(zhǎng)更快,她需要積累的不僅是經(jīng)驗(yàn),還有不斷的反思。新課改倡導(dǎo)我們教師要做個(gè)“學(xué)習(xí)型、研究型、反思型”的教師,那么,如何撰寫教學(xué)反思呢?下面,我將從幾個(gè)方面來跟大家分享一、什么是教學(xué)反思呢?教學(xué)反思:就是我們自覺地把自己的課堂教學(xué)實(shí)踐,作為認(rèn)識(shí)對(duì)象而進(jìn)行全面又深入的冷靜思英語中的五種基本句型英語五種基本句型列式如下:基本句型一:（主＋謂不及物動(dòng)詞）e.g.Weworkhard.

基本句型二:（主＋謂＋賓）e.g.Henryboughtadictionary.

基本句型三:（主＋系＋表）e.g.Heisastudent.

基本句型四:（主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓）e.g.Myfatherboughtmeacar.

常接雙賓語的及物動(dòng)詞有:offer，bring,buy,give,lend,sell,pay,show,take,tell,write基本句型五:（主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)）e.g.Tommadethebabylaugh.

1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.1.Theredsunrisesintheeast.2.Sotheyhadtotravelbyairorboat.3.Wegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.4.Shesattherealone,readinganovel.5.Hecamebackwhenwewereeating.6.Weakbuildingswillfalldowninanearthquake,butstrongonesmaystayup.1.Who

knows

theanswer?

2.She

smiled

herthanks.

3.He

hasrefused

tohelpthem.

4.He

enjoys

reading.

5.Theyatewhatwasleftover.

6.He

said

"Goodmorning."

7.I

want

tohaveacupoftea.

8.He

admits(承認(rèn))

thathewasmistaken.

1.Who

knows

theanswer?

2.She

smiled

herthanks.

3.He

hasrefused

tohelpthem.

4.He

enjoys

reading.

5.Theyatewhatwasleftover.

6.He

said

"Goodmorning."

7.I

want

tohaveacupoftea.

8.He

admits(承認(rèn))

thathewasmistaken.

OurEnglishteacheristhirtyyearsold.

Thecaketastesdelicious.

Wefeelusedtolivinginbigcities.

Thepotatoeswentbadinthefields.

Theirbossseemssatisfiedwiththework.

Deepwaterstaysstill.

OurEnglishteacheris

thirtyyearsold.

Thecake

tastes

delicious.

We

feel

usedtolivinginbigcities.

Thepotatoes

went

badinthefields.

Theirboss

seems

satisfiedwiththework.

Deepwater

stays

still.

1.She

ordered

herself

anewdress.

2.She

cooked

herhusband

adeliciousmeal.

3.He

brought

you

adictionary.

4.I

showed

him

mypictures.

5.I

gave

mycar

awash.

6.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.

7.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.1.She

ordered

herself

anewdress.

2.She

cooked

herhusband

adeliciousmeal.

3.He

brought

you

adictionary.

4.I

showed

him

mypictures.

5.I

gave

mycar

awash.

6.I

told

him

thatthebuswaslate.

7.He

showed

me

howtorunthemachine.Thesunkeepsuswarm.

Youmustgetyourhaircut.

TheymadeTommonitor.Wh