(高中說明文)物品說明4決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清說明文的篇章結構，獲取文章大意的能力；

使用“三步走”的方法，結合說明文的體裁特點，提高說明文閱讀題的解題效率；

針對文中的長難句，能使用“脫衣服”大法去繁就簡，提取主干，加強理解；

積累和事物性說明文有關的話題詞匯。Ready?Go!說明文體裁分析Part1課標解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護區(qū)的部分黑犀?，F(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項研究調研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術這一活動對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學家、作家和學者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關內容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動飛機天津卷(7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術領域的3種全新應用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨自進餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術和學校教育結合起來，而針對高中生實施的HUNCH計劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學院的科學家領導的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進行基本的加法計算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學院的研究表明，新電子設備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設備更低，是更經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術在食物的應用上取得的進展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia

公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時是如何進行自我保護的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因為瀕臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結構說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理名師指路說明文往往為了說清楚某個事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，通常在標題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。2019年全國II卷D看文章標題；尋找首段中心句看文章標題；尋找首段中心句①

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.事物說明文本文重點介紹NASA的HUNCH項目2018全國II卷B尋找高頻詞①ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.②Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.③Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.④Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.連詞成句，得到說明對象InJuly,thereareabundantberriesandstonefruits,includingbananas,whichareofnutritionalvalue.高頻詞:berriesandstonefruitsbananasnutritional(high/richin…)sweetjewels/deliciousJuly(themonth)2①Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.③

“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”④GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.2019年全國II卷D說明對象項目目的項目開展項目影響2019年全國II卷D①

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsformBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.②Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.③

Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.④Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.題目見講義2018年全國II卷B說明對象營養(yǎng)價值食用方法2018全國II卷BExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereaders,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質等。名師指路32019年全國II卷D題目見講義①

…②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.③“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.'Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”本文是事物說明文，介紹了NASA開展的HUNCH項目。作者通過引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了項目開展的目的、方式和影響。通過介紹HUNCH項目，說明NASA引導中學生參與到太空任務中，不安排測試、不看重分數(shù)，以解決問題為導向，尋求如細菌問題等的解決方案。即說明對象：TosolvetheproblemofbacteriaintheSpaceStation,NASAputforwardHUNCHprogram.名師指路What'sthemainideaofthispassage?總結：說明文的說明方法服務于說明對象。2018全國II卷B題目見講義①

ManyofusloveJulybecauseit’sthemonthwhennature’sberriesandstonefruitsareinabundance.ThesecolourfulandsweetjewelsfromBritishColumbia’sfieldsarelittlepowerhousesofnutritionalprotection.②Ofthecommonberries,strawberriesarehighestinvitaminC,although,becauseoftheirseeds,raspberriescontainalittlemoreprotein(蛋白質),ironandzinc(notthatfruitshavemuchprotein).Blueberriesareparticularlyhighinantioxidants(抗氧化物質).TheyellowandorangestonefruitssuchaspeachesarehighinthecarotenoidsweturnintovitaminAandwhichareantioxidants.Asforcherries(櫻桃),theyaresodeliciouswhocares?However,theyarerichinvitaminC.分類別列數(shù)字舉例子引資料作比較打比方下定義列圖表作詮釋2018全國卷IIB題目見講義③Whencombinedwithberriesorslicesofotherfruits,frozenbananasmakeanexcellentbaseforthick,coolingfruitshakesandlowfat“icecream”.Forthispurpose,selectripebananasforfreezingastheyaremuchsweeter.Removetheskinandplacetheminplasticbagsorcontainersandfreeze.Ifyoulike,asqueezeoffreshlemonjuiceonthebananaswillpreventthemturningbrown.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.④Ifyouhaveajuicer,youcansimplyfeedinfrozenbananasandsomeberriesorslicedfruit.Outcomesa“soft-serve”creamydessert,tobeeatenrightaway.Thismakesafunactivityforachildren’sparty;theylovefeedingthefruitandfrozenbananasintothetopofthemachineandwatchingtheicecreamcomeoutbelow.本文是事物說明文，介紹了夏天里美味而富有營養(yǎng)的各種水果。作者通過舉例子、打比方等說明方法，介紹了這些水果的營養(yǎng)價值、食用方法等。說明對象：InJuly,thereareabundantfruitswhicharenutritiousaswell.在圍繞這個“一般”（general)的論述中，用了多個”特殊“（particular)的細節(jié)進行闡述、說明等。這也體現(xiàn)出了事物說明文的特點：重點側重在說明what,闡釋和傳達某一事物的相關信息。名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結：事物類說明文重點在what,旨在闡釋和傳達特定事物相關信息。真題講解示例12019年全國II卷DPART2123Watchavideo.Whataretheydoinginthevideo?2019年全國II卷D題目見講義①

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.③

“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”④GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAengineersabouttheproblem,readyingaworkablesolutiontotestinspace.摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結NASAturnstohighschoolkidsanddependsonHUNCHschoolclassroomstosolvetheproblemofbacteriainthespace.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomwithNASAengineers.Theprogramdoesn’trequiretexts,gradedhomeworkratherthanareviewoftheproduct.TheHUNCHhasanimpactoncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.1.WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?2.WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?3.WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應的題目。MindMap2019年全國II卷D篇項目影響animpactoncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills說明對象TosolvetheproblemofbacteriaintheSpaceStation,NASAputforwardHUNCHprogram.項目目的connecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineersstudywaystokillbacteriainzerogravityforthepasttwoyearsdoitjustlikeNASAengineerscomeanddoanin-personreviewofstudents’workwithoutanybreakslikeengineers項目開展emaildailywithNASAengineerstosolvetheproblemGordonandhisstudentsNASAengineersStudentsareabsorbedinstudieswhiletheteachersitback.Studentsfocusmoreontheobjectiveratherthangradesortests.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext？題目速覽1WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?Theyarehardtogetridof.Theyleadtoairpollution.Theyappearindifferentforms.Theydamagetheinstruments.推理判斷題WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.2WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?Checktheirproduct.Guideprojectdesigns.Adjustworkschedules.Gradetheirhomework.3Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsSpace:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierNature:AnOutdoorClassroomHUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform4細節(jié)理解題細節(jié)理解題主旨大意題拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題1STEP1：標關鍵詞WhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.

Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments題干定位說明對象STEP2：定位信息段Tosolvetheproblemofbacteria①

Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.

growuncontrollablyspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek技巧點撥：歸納總結答案指向句分析參考譯文Themicroorganismsgrowuncontrollably,來自我們身體的微生物在國際空間站的表面瘋長，因此宇航員每周要花好幾個小時來清理它們。soso連接前后兩個因果關系的分句Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.astronautsspendhourscleaningthemup11因果關系連接詞23fromourbodies定語onsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation狀語4eachweek狀語2341WhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題2STEP1：標關鍵詞題干定位項目目的STEP2：定位信息段connecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,技巧點撥：詞義復現(xiàn)，語義場WhatdotheNASAengineersdoforthestudentsintheprogram?A.Checktheirproduct.B.Guideprojectdesigns.C.Adjustworkschedules.D.Gradetheirhomework.拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）細節(jié)理解題3STEP1：標關鍵詞題干定位項目開展STEP2：定位信息段NASAengineerscomeanddoanin-personreviewofstudents’work③Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”.

presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview技巧點撥：詞義復現(xiàn)拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題4STEP1：標關鍵詞題干定位說明對象STEP2：定位信息段TosolvetheproblemofbacteriaintheSpaceStation,NASAputforwardHUNCHprogram.①

…,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.

It’sturningtoNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassroomsItisdependingonabunchofhighschoolkids技巧點撥:主旨大意題需要關注選項里的主體對象是否和文本相符，并細讀段首判斷Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.NASA:TheHomeofAstronautsB.Space:TheFinalHomeworkFrontierC.Nature:AnOutdoorClassroomD.HUNCH:ACollegeAdmissionReform答案指向句分析參考譯文ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms它是依據(jù)NASA的HUNCH高中生計劃（來解決細菌的問題），就像GeneGordon和DonnaHimmelerg兩位科學老師在紐約州費爾波特市區(qū)高中指導的那樣。11liketheone狀語，theone指代下文的項目22scienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelerglead33定語從句atFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.44狀語theone2019年全國II卷D篇項目影響animpactoncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills說明對象TosolvetheproblemofbacteriaintheSpaceStation,NASAputforwardHUNCHprogram.項目目的connecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineersstudywaystokillbacteriainzerogravityforthepasttwoyearsdoitjustlikeNASAengineerscomeanddoanin-personreviewofstudents’workwithoutanybreakslikeengineers項目開展emaildailywithNASAengineerstosolvetheproblemGordonandhisstudentsNASAengineersStudentsareabsorbedinstudieswhiletheteachersitback.Studentsfocusmoreontheobjectiveratherthangradesortests.回顧Q1Q2Q3Q4Tip1:說明文細節(jié)理解題的破解分三步走。①_______________________________;②_______________________________;③_______________________________。Tip2:說明文細節(jié)理解題正確選項特征______________________________________________細節(jié)理解劃出題干、選項關鍵詞詞匯的復現(xiàn)（關注同義、反義，語義場等）回憶文章結構，定位具體段落關注關鍵詞句，找出答案Tip1:說明文主旨題的做題方法有___________________兩種。Tip2:正面歸納：step1:______________________________________;step2:______________________________________;step3:______________________________________

Tip3:逆向思考：假如你是要寫___________，對照主旨大意題的四個選項思考：你會寫出和本文類似的文章嗎？可以作為一種___________的思考和檢查。主旨大意正向歸納/逆向思考圈出選項里的說明對象和關鍵詞塊以詞塊為線索回歸原文，細讀首段區(qū)分辨別選項的陷阱等命題作文反向詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)/義場詞匯1①Bacteriaareanannoyingproblemforastronauts.Themicroorganisms(微生物)fromourbodiesgrowuncontrollablyonsurfacesoftheInternationalSpaceStation,soastronautsspendhourscleaningthemupeachweek.HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.growuncontrollablyspendhourscleaningthemupbacteriamicroorganismsWhatdoweknowaboutthebacteriaintheInternationalSpaceStation?A.Theyarehardtogetridof.B.Theyleadtoairpollution.C.Theyappearindifferentforms.D.Theydamagetheinstruments.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)/義場詞匯2①…HowisNASAovercomingthisverytinybigproblem?It’sturningtoabunchofhighschoolkids.Butnotjustanykids.ItisdependingonNASAHUNCHhighschoolclassrooms,liketheonescienceteachersGeneGordonandDonnaHimmelergleadatFairportHighSchoolinFairport,NewYork.②HUNCHisdesignedtoconnecthighschoolclassroomswithNASAengineers.Forthepasttwoyears,Gordon’sstudentshavebeenstudyingwaystokillbacteriainzerogravity,andtheythinkthey’reclosetoasolution(解決方案).“Wedon’tgivethestudentsanybreaks.TheyhavetodoitjustlikeNASAengineers,”saysFlorenceGold,aprojectmanager.isdesignedtoconnectwithNASAengineerszerogravityhighschoolscienceteachersWhatisthepurposeoftheHUNCHprogram?A.Tostrengthenteacher-studentrelationships.B.Tosharpenstudents’communicationskills.C.Toallowstudentstoexperiencezerogravity.D.Tolinkspacetechnologywithschooleducation..詞匯梳理：同義/近義復現(xiàn)/義場詞匯3③“Therearenotests,”Gordonsays.“Thereisnogradedhomework.Therealmostarenogrades,otherthan‘Areyouworkingtowardsyourgoal?’Basically,it’s‘I’vegottoproducethisproductandthen,attheendoftheyear,presentittoNASA.’Engineerscomeandreallydoanin-personreview,and...it’snotaverynicethingattimes.It’sahardbusinessreviewofyourproduct.”④

GordonsaystheHUNCHprogramhasanimpact(影響)oncollegeadmissionsandpracticallifeskills.“ThesekidsaresoabsorbedintheirstudiesthatIjustsitback.Idon’tteach.”Andthatannoyingbacteria?GordonsayshisstudentsareemailingdailywithNASAe