語句排序專題練習Ⅰ11→12→13→14→15Weowealottothebirdsandbeastswhoeatinsectsbutallofthemputtogetherkillonlyafractionofthenumberdestroyedbyspiders.Moreover,unlikesomeoftheotherinsecteaters,spidersneverdotheleastharmtousorourbelongings.Itisimpossibletomakemorethanthewildestguessathowmanytheykill,buttheyarehungrycreatures,notcontentwithonlythreemealsaday.IthasbeenestimatedthattheweightofalltheinsectsdestroyedbyspidersinBritaininoneyearwouldbegreaterthanthetotalweightofallthehumanbeingsinthecountry.Whyyoumaywonder,shouldspidersbeourfriends?Becausetheydestroysomanyinsects,andinsectsincludesomeofthegreatestenemiesofthehumanrace.Insectswouldmakeitimpossibleforustoliveintheworld;theywoulddevourallourcropsandkillourflocksandherds,ifitwerenotfortheprotectionwegetfrominsect-eatinganimals.Howmanyspidersareengagedinthisworkonourbehalf?OneauthorityonspidersmadeacensusofthespidersinagrassfieldinthesouthofEngland,andheestimatedthatthereweremorethan2,250,000inoneacre;thatissomethinglike6,000,000spidersofdifferentkindsonafootballpitch.Spidersarebusyforatleasthalftheyearinkillinginsects.Spidersarenotinsects,asmanypeoplethink,norevennearlyrelatedtothem.Onecantellthedifferencealmostataglance,foraspideralwayshaseightlegsandaninsectnevermorethansix.Ⅱ11→12→13→14→15Thereisonlyonedifferencebetweenanoldmanandayoungone:theyoungmanhasagloriousfuturebeforehimandtheoldonehasasplendidfuturesbehindhim:andmaybethatiswheretherubis.WhenIwasateenager,IfeltthatIwasjustyounganduncertain—thatIwasanewboyinahugeschool,andIwouldhavebeenverypleasedtoberegardedassomethingsointerestingasaproblem.Foronething,beingaproblemgivesyouacertainidentity,andthatisoneofthethingstheyoungarebusilyengagedinseeking.Peoplearealwaystalkingabout'theproblemofyouth'.Ifthereisone—whichItakeleavetodoubt—thenitisolderpeoplewhocreateit,nottheyoungthemselves.Letusgetdowntofundamentalsandagreethattheyoungareafterallhumanbeings-peoplejustliketheirelders.Ifindyoungpeopleexciting.Theyhaveanairoffreedom,andtheydon’tpursuefameandfortuneorloveofcomfort.Theyarenotanxioussocialclimbers,andtheyhavenodevotiontomaterialthings.Allthisseemstometolinkthemwithlife.AllthatisinmymindwhenImeetayoungperson.Hemaybearrogant(傲慢的),reckless(魯莽的),andignorant,butIdonotturnforprotectiontodrearyclichés(陳詞濫調)aboutrespectforelders—asifagewereareasonforrespect.Iacceptthatweareequals,andIwillarguewithhim,asanequal,ifIthinkheiswrong.Ⅲ11→12→13→14→15Togetafullappreciationofwhatthismeanswemustturnfirsttosomerecenthumaninventions.Everyoneknowsthatifheshoutsnearawalloramountainside,anecho(回聲)willcomeback.Thefurtheroffthissolidobstruction(固體障礙物),thelongerittakesfortheechotoreturn.Asoundmadebytapping(敲打)onashipwillbereflectedfromtheseabottom,andbymeasuringthetime,thedepthoftheseacanbecalculated.Notallsoundsmadebyanimalsserveaslanguage,andwehaveonlytoturntothatextraordinarydiscoveryofecho-locationinbatstoseeacaseinwhichthevoiceplaysapracticalroleinlife.Ithasbeenfoundthatcertainbatsemitsqueaksandbyreceivingtheechoes,theycanlocateandsteerclearofobstacles—orlocateflyinginsectsonwhichtheyfeed.Thisecho-locationinbatsisoftencomparedwithradar,theprincipleofwhichissimilar.Withexperience,andwithimprovedechosounder,itisnowpossiblenotonlytolocateashoalbuttotellifitisherring(鯡魚),cod(鱈魚),orotherwell-knownfish,bythepatternofitsecho.SowasborntheEchoSounder(回聲探測儀),nowingeneraluseinships.Everysolidobjectwillreflectasound,varyingaccordingtothesizeandnatureoftheobject.Ashoaloffish(魚群)willdothis.Soitisasimplestepfromlocatingtheseabottomtolocatingashoaloffish.Ⅳ11→12→13→14→15Dolphinsandsharksarenaturalenemies.Itispossiblethatuponsuchanoccasionabattleoccurred,withthesharksbeingdrivenawayorkilled.Whetheritbebird,fishorbeast,thedolphinsisinterestedinanythingthatisalive.Ontheoccasionswhentheyhavepushedtoshoreanunconscioushumanbeingtheyhavemuchmorelikelydoneitoutofcuriosityorforsport.Theyhaveprotectedhumansfromsharks,itmayhavebeenbecausecuriosityattractedthemandbecausethescent(味道)ofapossiblemealattractedthesharks.C.Inanothergame,astheturtleswimsacrosstheoceanarium(海洋館),thefirstdolphinswoopsdownhisshellwithhisbelly.Eventuallytheturtlehasbeenbutted(撞)allthewaydowntothefloorofthetank.Heisnowsatisfiedmerelytotrytostandup,butassoonashedoessoadolphinknockshimflat.Theturtleatlastgivesupbypullinghisfeetunderhisshellandthegameisover.D.Therehaslongbeenabeliefamongsailorsthatdolphinswillsavedrowningmenbypushingthemtothesurface,orprotectthemfromsharks.Biologistshavepointedoutthat,howeverintelligenttheymaybe,itisprobablyamistaketocreditdolphinswithanymotiveoflifesaving.E.Theyareconstantlyaftertheturtles,whopeacefullysubmittoallsortsofindignities(侮辱).Oneyoungcalf(海豚)especiallyenjoyedraisingaturtletothesurfacewithhisnoiseandthenshovinghimacrossthetanklikeanaquaplane(滑板).Ⅴ11→12→13→14→15Knowledgebegantoincreaseassoonasthethoughtsofoneindividualcouldbecommunicatedtoanotherbymeansofspeech.Withtheinventionofwriting,agreatadvancewasmade,forknowledgecouldthenbenotonlycommunicatedbutalsostored.Allthiswascomparativelyslowuntil,withthecomingofscience,thetempowassuddenlyraised.Thenknowledgebegantobeaccumulatedaccordingtoa10systematicplan.Thetricklebecameastream;thestreamhasnowbecomeatorrent.Moreover,assoonasnewknowledgeisacquired,itisnowturnedtoaproblemnowfacinghumanity:Whatisgoingtobedonewithallthisknowledge?Asissooftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequallyforgoodorevil