《材料員》MaterialClerkCONTENTS材料計(jì)劃管理工作流程Materialplanmanagementworkflow02材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃的種類Typesofmaterialandequipmentplans0301材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃管理的任務(wù)與工作要點(diǎn)Tasksandworkpointsofmaterialandequipmentplanningandmanagement材料計(jì)劃就是為實(shí)現(xiàn)材料工作目標(biāo)所做的具體部署和安排，是對(duì)建筑企業(yè)所需材料的質(zhì)量、品種、規(guī)格、數(shù)量等在時(shí)間和空間上作出的統(tǒng)籌安排。對(duì)于滿足施工生產(chǎn)需要，提高企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，具有十分重要的作用。Thematerialplanisthespecificdeploymentandarrangementsmadetoachievethetargetofmaterialwork,isthequality,variety,specifications,quantityandsoonofthematerialsrequiredbytheconstructionenterpriseintimeandspacetomaketheoverallarrangements.Formeetingtheneedsofconstructionproductionandimprovingtheeconomicefficiencyofenterprises,ithasaveryimportantroletoplay.材料計(jì)劃管理首先應(yīng)確立材料供求平衡的觀念。供求平衡是材料計(jì)劃管理的首要目標(biāo)，宏觀上供求平衡，使建設(shè)投資規(guī)模建立在社會(huì)資源條件允許的前提下，才有材料市場(chǎng)的供求平衡，才有企業(yè)內(nèi)部的供求平衡。材料部門應(yīng)積極組織資源，在供應(yīng)計(jì)劃上不留缺口，使企業(yè)具有堅(jiān)實(shí)的物質(zhì)保證，以完成施工生產(chǎn)任務(wù)。其次，材料計(jì)劃管理應(yīng)確立指令性計(jì)劃、指導(dǎo)性計(jì)劃和市場(chǎng)調(diào)節(jié)相結(jié)合的觀念。同時(shí)材料計(jì)劃管理還應(yīng)確立多渠道、多層次籌措和開發(fā)資源的觀念。Materialplanmanagementshouldfirstestablishtheconceptofmaterialsupplyanddemandbalance.Supplyanddemandbalanceistheprimarygoalofmaterialplanmanagement,macrobalanceofsupplyanddemand,sothatthescaleofconstructioninvestmentisbuiltonthepremisethattheconditionsofsocialresourcesallow,beforethereisabalanceofsupplyanddemandinthematerialmarket,beforethereisabalanceofsupplyanddemandwithintheenterprise.Thematerialdepartmentshouldactivelyorganiseresourcesandleavenogapinthesupplyplansothattheenterprisehasasolidmaterialguaranteetocompletetheconstructionandproductiontasks.Secondly,thematerialplanmanagementshouldestablishtheconceptofcombiningdirectiveplan,guidingplanandmarketregulation.Atthesametime,thematerialplanmanagementshouldalsoestablishtheconceptofmulti-channelandmulti-levelfinancinganddevelopmentofresources.01PART.01材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃管理的任務(wù)與工作要點(diǎn)Tasksandworkpointsofmaterialandequipmentplanningandmanagement材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃管理的基本任務(wù)是：Thebasictasksofmaterialsandequipmentplanmanagementare（1）為實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)目標(biāo)做好物質(zhì)準(zhǔn)備。Topreparemateriallyfortheachievementoftheeconomicobjectivesoftheenterprise.(2)做好平衡協(xié)調(diào)工作。Todoagoodjobofbalancingandcoordinatingthework.(3)采取措施，促進(jìn)材料的合理使用。Takemeasurestopromotetherationaluseofmaterials.(4)建立健全材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃管理制度。Establishasoundsystemforthemanagementofmaterialsandequipmentplans.材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃管理主要應(yīng)做好以下工作：Themaintaskstobeperformedinthemanagementofmaterialandequipmentplansareasfollows:（1）根據(jù)建筑施工生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營(yíng)對(duì)材料的需求，核實(shí)材料用量，了解企業(yè)內(nèi)外資源情況，做好綜合平衡，正確編制材料計(jì)劃，保證按期、按質(zhì)、按量、配套組織供應(yīng)。(1)Accordingtothedemandformaterialsintheproductionandoperationofbuildingconstruction,verifytheamountofmaterials,understandthesituationofresourcesinsideandoutsidetheenterprise,makeacomprehensivebalance,correctlypreparethematerialplan,andensurethatthesupplyisorganizedaccordingtoschedule,quality,quantityandsupport.（2）貫徹節(jié)約原則，有效利用材料資源，減少庫(kù)存積壓和各種浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，組織合理運(yùn)輸，加速材料周轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有材料的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。(2)Toimplementtheprincipleofeconomy,makeeffectiveuseofmaterialresources,reducethebacklogofinventoryandvariouswastefulphenomena,organisereasonabletransportation,acceleratetheturnoverofmaterialsandbringintoplaytheeconomicbenefitsofexistingmaterials.（3）經(jīng)常檢查材料計(jì)劃的執(zhí)行情況，即時(shí)采取措施調(diào)整計(jì)劃，組織新的平衡，發(fā)揮計(jì)劃的組織、指導(dǎo)、調(diào)節(jié)作用。(3)frequentlychecktheimplementationofthematerialsplan,takeimmediatemeasurestoadjusttheplan,organiseanewbalance,andplaytheorganising,guidingandregulatingroleoftheplan.（2）貫徹節(jié)約原則，有效利用材料資源，減少庫(kù)存積壓和各種浪費(fèi)現(xiàn)象，組織合理運(yùn)輸，加速材料周轉(zhuǎn)，發(fā)揮現(xiàn)有材料的經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。(2)Toimplementtheprincipleofeconomy,makeeffectiveuseofmaterialresources,reducethebacklogofinventoryandvariouswastefulphenomena,organisereasonabletransportation,acceleratetheturnoverofmaterialsandbringintoplaytheeconomicbenefitsofexistingmaterials.（4）了解實(shí)際供應(yīng)和消耗情況，積累定額資料，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，不斷提高材料計(jì)劃管理水平。(4)Tounderstandtheactualsupplyandconsumptionsituation,accumulateinformationonquotas,sumuplessonslearnedandcontinuouslyimprovethelevelofmaterialplanningandmanagement.（4）了解實(shí)際供應(yīng)和消耗情況，積累定額資料，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，不斷提高材料計(jì)劃管理水平。(4)Tounderstandtheactualsupplyandconsumptionsituation,accumulateinformationonquotas,sumuplessonslearnedandcontinuouslyimprovethelevelofmaterialplanningandmanagement.（5）建立健全供應(yīng)臺(tái)賬和資料管理檔案制度。這些制度的建立健全，有利于及時(shí)了解、核實(shí)實(shí)際供應(yīng)和消耗情況，積累定額資料，總結(jié)經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)，不斷提高材料計(jì)劃的管理水平。(5)Establishasoundsystemofsupplyledgersandinformationmanagementfiles.Theestablishmentofthesesystemsisconducivetotimelyunderstandingandverificationofactualsupplyandconsumption,accumulatinginformationonquotas,summinguplessonslearnedandcontinuouslyimprovingthemanagementlevelofmaterialplans.為了完成材料計(jì)劃管理的任務(wù)，建筑企業(yè)材料計(jì)劃管理一般分為兩個(gè)層次，即基層組織材料計(jì)劃管理與企業(yè)一般材料計(jì)劃管理，不同層次在材料計(jì)劃編制、執(zhí)行過程中的分工責(zé)任是：Inordertoaccomplishthetaskofmaterialplanmanagement,constructionenterprisematerialplanmanagementisgenerallydividedintotwolevels,namely,grassrootsorganizationmaterialplanmanagementandenterprisegeneralmaterialplanmanagement,differentlevelsinthematerialplanpreparation,implementationprocessofthedivisionofresponsibilityis:單位工程施工生產(chǎn)用料計(jì)劃以及腳手架、模板、施工工具、輔助生產(chǎn)用料計(jì)劃由基層施工組織編制。機(jī)械制造、維修、配件用料計(jì)劃由制造維修單位編制。技術(shù)革新、技術(shù)措施用料計(jì)劃由技術(shù)部門編制。企業(yè)一級(jí)材料部門負(fù)責(zé)整個(gè)企業(yè)用料計(jì)劃的匯總和編制。Theunitconstructionproductionmaterialplan,aswellasscaffolding,formwork,constructiontoolsandauxiliaryproductionmaterialplanarepreparedbythegrassrootsconstructionorganisation.Thematerialplanformachinerymanufacturing,maintenanceandaccessoriesispreparedbythemanufacturingandmaintenanceunit.Thematerialplanfortechnicalinnovationandtechnicalmeasuresispreparedbythetechnicaldepartment.Thematerialdepartmentattheenterpriselevelisresponsiblefortheaggregationandpreparationofthematerialplanforthewholeenterprise.基層組織材料計(jì)劃員工作要點(diǎn)：Highlightsoftheworkofthematerialsplannerforgrassrootsorganisations:

為了正確核定、編制和執(zhí)行用料計(jì)劃，基層組織材料計(jì)劃員要做到“五核實(shí)、四查清、三依據(jù)、兩制度、一落實(shí)”。Inordertocorrectlyapprove,prepareandimplementmaterialplans,thematerialplannersofgrassrootsorganisationsshoulddo"fiveverifications,fourchecks,threebases,twosystemsandoneimplementation".（1）五核實(shí)：核實(shí)計(jì)劃用料；核實(shí)單位工程項(xiàng)目材料節(jié)約和超支；核實(shí)周轉(zhuǎn)材料需用量；核實(shí)地方材料計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況；核實(shí)基層材料消耗情況及統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表數(shù)據(jù)。(1)Fiveverifications:verificationofplannedmaterialuse;verificationofmaterialsavingsandcostoverrunsinunitprojects;verificationofturnovermaterialrequirements;verificationoftheimplementationoflocalmaterialplans;andverificationofgrassrootsmaterialconsumptionandstatisticalreportdata.（2）四查清：查耗用量是否超計(jì)劃供應(yīng)；查需用量與預(yù)算數(shù)量是否相符；查內(nèi)部調(diào)度平衡材料的落實(shí)；查需要采購(gòu)、儲(chǔ)備材料的庫(kù)存情況。(2)Fourchecks:checkwhethertheconsumptionexceedstheplannedsupply;checkwhethertherequiredquantitymatchesthebudgetedquantity;checktheimplementationofinternalschedulingtobalancematerials;andchecktheinventoryofmaterialsthatneedtobepurchasedandstocked.（1）五核實(shí)：核實(shí)計(jì)劃用料；核實(shí)單位工程項(xiàng)目材料節(jié)約和超支；核實(shí)周轉(zhuǎn)材料需用量；核實(shí)地方材料計(jì)劃執(zhí)行情況；核實(shí)基層材料消耗情況及統(tǒng)計(jì)報(bào)表數(shù)據(jù)。(1)Fiveverifications:verificationofplannedmaterialuse;verificationofmaterialsavingsandcostoverrunsinunitprojects;verificationofturnovermaterialrequirements;verificationoftheimplementationoflocalmaterialplans;andverificationofgrassrootsmaterialconsumptionandstatisticalreportdata.（3）三依據(jù)：工作量及工程量；施工進(jìn)度；套用定額。(3)Threebases:workloadandquantityofwork;constructionprogress;applicationofquotas.（4）兩制度：嚴(yán)格計(jì)劃供應(yīng)制度；堅(jiān)持定期碰頭會(huì)制度。(4)Twosystems:astrictplannedsupplysystem;andadherencetoaregularmeetingsystem.（5）一落實(shí)：計(jì)劃需用量落實(shí)到單位工程和個(gè)人（施工班組）。(5)aimplementation:theamountoftheplanneedstobeimplementedtotheunitofworkandindividual(constructionteam).企業(yè)材料部門材料計(jì)劃管理的工作要點(diǎn)：Keypointsinthemanagementofmaterialplansinthematerialsdepartmentofanenterprise:

企業(yè)一級(jí)的材料部門，在匯總基層組織用料計(jì)劃，并與內(nèi)外資源進(jìn)行綜合平衡的基礎(chǔ)上，編制材料供應(yīng)、申請(qǐng)、訂貨、采購(gòu)等計(jì)劃。為了與基層組織的材料計(jì)劃工作相配合，適應(yīng)施工多變性的需要，企業(yè)一級(jí)材料計(jì)劃員在編制和執(zhí)行計(jì)劃中應(yīng)做到“把兩關(guān)、三對(duì)口、四核算、五勤、六有數(shù)”。Attheenterpriselevel,thematerialdepartmentwillpreparematerialsupply,application,orderandpurchaseplansonthebasisofthematerialplanofthegrassrootsorganizationsandthecomprehensivebalancewithinternalandexternalresources.Inordertocooperatewiththematerialplanningworkofthegrassrootsorganizationsandadapttotheneedsofconstructionvariability,thematerialplannerattheenterpriselevelshoulddo"twolevels,threecounterparts,fouraccounting,fivediligent,sixnumbers"inthepreparationandimplementationoftheplan.

（1）把兩關(guān)：按預(yù)（決）算督促各建設(shè)單位（或主管部門）給足指標(biāo)；按預(yù)（決）算用料量控制基層用料，掌握項(xiàng)目節(jié)約和超支情況。(1)Twohurdles:tourgetheconstructionunits(orcompetentdepartments)togivesufficientindicatorsaccordingtothepre(final)budget;tocontrolthematerialusedatthegrassrootslevelaccordingtothepre(final)budget,andtograsptheprojectsavingsandcostoverruns.（2）三對(duì)口：與建設(shè)單位（或供料單位）備料對(duì)口；需用計(jì)劃與施工項(xiàng)目對(duì)口；月度需用計(jì)劃與項(xiàng)目總用量對(duì)口。(2)Threepairsofcorrespondence:correspondencewiththeconstructionunit(ormaterialsupplyunit)formaterialpreparation;correspondencebetweenthedemandplanandtheconstructionproject;correspondencebetweenthemonthlydemandplanandthetotalamountoftheproject.（1）把兩關(guān)：按預(yù)（決）算督促各建設(shè)單位（或主管部門）給足指標(biāo)；按預(yù)（決）算用料量控制基層用料，掌握項(xiàng)目節(jié)約和超支情況。(1)Twohurdles:tourgetheconstructionunits(orcompetentdepartments)togivesufficientindicatorsaccordingtothepre(final)budget;tocontrolthematerialusedatthegrassrootslevelaccordingtothepre(final)budget,andtograsptheprojectsavingsandcostoverruns.（3）四核算：核算分部、分項(xiàng)工程材料需用量；核算單位工程材料需用量；核算大、小廠水泥需用量；核算木材（分為正材、副材）需用量。(3)Fouraccounting:accountingfordivisionalandsub-projectmaterialrequirements;accountingforunitprojectmaterialrequirements;accountingforlargeandsmallplantcementrequirements;accountingfortimber(dividedintopositiveandsecondarytimber)requirements.（4）五勤：勤聯(lián)系；勤整理；勤登記；勤催料；勤核對(duì)。(4)Fivediligent:diligentcontacting;diligentsorting;diligentregistration;diligentremindingofmaterials;diligentchecking.（4）五勤：勤聯(lián)系；勤整理；勤登記；勤催料；勤核對(duì)。(4)Fivediligent:diligentcontacting;diligentsorting;diligentregistration;diligentremindingofmaterials;diligentchecking.（5）六有數(shù)：三大構(gòu)件（金屬、木材、混凝土）加工地點(diǎn)及原材料供應(yīng)情況；建設(shè)單位備料、交料及余、缺情況；單位工程主要材料、特殊材料的總需用數(shù)量；月度計(jì)劃供應(yīng)情況；合同規(guī)定有關(guān)供料責(zé)任分工；重點(diǎn)工程、竣工項(xiàng)目材料缺口情況。(5)Sixmusts:processinglocationsandrawmaterialsupplyofthethreemajorcomponents(metal,wood,andconcrete);Thepreparation,delivery,surplusandshortageofmaterialsbytheconstructionunit;Thetotalrequiredquantityofmainandspecialmaterialsfortheunitproject;Monthlyplannedsupplysituation;Thecontractstipulatesthedivisionofresponsibilitiesformaterialsupply;Materialgapsinkeyprojectsandcompletedprojects.02PART.02材料計(jì)劃管理工作流程Materialplanmanagementworkflow材料計(jì)劃管理流程如圖4-1所示。ThematerialplanningmanagementprocessisshowninFigure4-1.單位工程材料供應(yīng)計(jì)劃UnitWorksMaterialSupplyPlan→材料需用量計(jì)劃MaterialRequirementsPlan→重要材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃ImportantMaterialRequestScheme↓計(jì)劃執(zhí)行與調(diào)整Planimplementationandadjustment←材料供應(yīng)資金計(jì)劃Materialsupplyfundingplan←材料采購(gòu)計(jì)劃MaterialProcurementPlan圖4-1材料計(jì)劃管理流程簡(jiǎn)圖Figure4-1Sketchofmaterialplanningmanagementprocess03PART.03材料、設(shè)備計(jì)劃的種類Typesofmaterialandequipmentplans建筑材料計(jì)劃按照材料的使用方向分為生產(chǎn)材料計(jì)劃和基本建設(shè)材料計(jì)劃等。按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分為材料需用計(jì)劃、供應(yīng)計(jì)劃、申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃、訂貨計(jì)劃、采購(gòu)計(jì)劃、用款計(jì)劃、儲(chǔ)備計(jì)劃、周轉(zhuǎn)材料租賃計(jì)劃、主要材料節(jié)約計(jì)劃等。Constructionmaterialplansaredividedintoproductionmaterialplansandcapitalmaterialplansaccordingtothedirectionofuseofthematerials.Accordingtotheuseofmaterialplan,itisdividedintomaterialrequirementplan,supplyplan,applicationplan,orderplan,purchaseplan,paymentplan,reserveplan,turnovermaterialleaseplan,mainmaterialsavingplan,etc.按照計(jì)劃期限分為年度計(jì)劃、季度計(jì)劃、月（旬）計(jì)劃、一次性用料計(jì)劃、臨時(shí)追加材料計(jì)劃等。按供貨渠道分為物資企業(yè)供料計(jì)劃、建設(shè)單位供料計(jì)劃、施工企業(yè)自供料計(jì)劃等。Accordingtothedurationoftheplan,itisdividedintoannualplan,quarterlyplan,monthly(ten-day)plan,one-timematerialplan,temporaryadditionalmaterialplan,etc.Accordingtothesupplychannel,itisdividedintomaterialsupplyplanofmaterialenterprise,materialsupplyplanofconstructionunit,materialsupplyplanofconstructionenterprise,etc.（1）按照材料、設(shè)備的使用方向分類Classificationaccordingtothedirectionofuseofmaterialsandequipment1）生產(chǎn)材料計(jì)劃Productionmaterialplanning生產(chǎn)材料計(jì)劃是指為完成生產(chǎn)任務(wù)而布置的材料計(jì)劃。包括附屬輔助生產(chǎn)用材料計(jì)劃、經(jīng)營(yíng)維修用材料計(jì)劃、建材產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)用材料計(jì)劃等。所需材料的數(shù)量按生產(chǎn)的產(chǎn)品數(shù)量和該產(chǎn)品的消耗定額計(jì)劃確定。Theproductionmaterialplanreferstothematerialplanlaidoutforthecompletionofproductiontasks.Itincludesthematerialplanforsubsidiaryauxiliaryproduction,thematerialplanforoperationandmaintenance,andthematerialplanfortheproductionofbuildingmaterialsproducts.Thequantityofmaterialsrequiredisdeterminedbythenumberofproductsproducedandtheconsumptionquotaplanforthatproduct.

2）基本建設(shè)材料計(jì)劃Capitalconstructionmaterialsplan

基本建設(shè)材料計(jì)劃是指為完成基本建設(shè)任務(wù)而編制的材料計(jì)劃。包括對(duì)外承包工程用材料計(jì)劃、企業(yè)自身基本建設(shè)用材料計(jì)劃等，通常應(yīng)根據(jù)承包協(xié)議和分工范圍及供應(yīng)方式編制。Thecapitalconstructionmaterialsplanreferstothematerialsplanpreparedforthecompletionofthecapitalconstructiontasks.Itincludesmaterialplansforexternalcontractingprojects,materialplansfortheenterprise'sowncapitalconstruction,etc.Itshouldusuallybepreparedinaccordancewiththecontractingagreementandthescopeofdivisionoflabourandsupplymethods.2）材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃

Materialrequestplan

3）材料供應(yīng)計(jì)劃

Materialsupplyplan

4）材料加工訂貨計(jì)劃

Materialprocessingorderplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan1）材料需用量計(jì)劃

Materialdemandplan材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃是根據(jù)需用計(jì)劃，經(jīng)過項(xiàng)目或部門內(nèi)部平衡后，分別向有關(guān)供應(yīng)部門提出的材料計(jì)劃。Thematerialapplicationplanisamaterialplansubmittedtotherelevantsupplydepartmentseparatelybasedonthedemandplanandafterinternalbalancewithintheprojectordepartment.2）材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃

Materialrequestplan

3）材料供應(yīng)計(jì)劃

Materialsupplyplan

4）材料加工訂貨計(jì)劃

Materialprocessingorderplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan1）材料需用量計(jì)劃

Materialdemandplan2）材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃

Materialrequestplan

3）材料供應(yīng)計(jì)劃

Materialsupplyplan

4）材料加工訂貨計(jì)劃

Materialprocessingorderplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan1）材料需用量計(jì)劃

Materialdemandplan2）材料申請(qǐng)計(jì)劃

Materialrequestplan

3）材料供應(yīng)計(jì)劃

Materialsupplyplan

4）材料加工訂貨計(jì)劃

Materialprocessingorderplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan1）材料需用量計(jì)劃

Materialdemandplan5）材料采購(gòu)計(jì)劃

Materialpurchaseplan

6）材料運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃Materialtransportationplan7）材料用款計(jì)劃

Materialspendingplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan材料運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃是指為組織材料運(yùn)輸而編制的計(jì)劃。Materialtransportationplanreferstotheplanpreparedtoorganizematerialtransportation.5）材料采購(gòu)計(jì)劃

Materialpurchaseplan

6）材料運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃Materialtransportationplan7）材料用款計(jì)劃

Materialspendingplan（2）按照材料計(jì)劃的用途分類

Classifiedaccordingtotheintendeduseofthematerialplan5）材料采購(gòu)計(jì)劃

Materialpurchaseplan

6）材料運(yùn)輸計(jì)劃Materi