海淀區(qū)高一年級練習(xí)英語考生須知1．本試卷共8頁，共四部分，54道題，滿分100分?？荚嚂r間90分鐘。2．在試卷和答題紙上準確填寫學(xué)校名稱、班級名稱、姓名。3．答案一律填涂或書寫在答題紙上，在試卷上作答無效。4．在答題紙上，選擇題用2B鉛筆作答，其余題用黑色字跡簽字筆作答。5．考試結(jié)束，請將本試卷和答題紙一并交回。第一部分：聽力理解(共四節(jié)，21分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;每小題1分，共4分)聽下面4段對話。每段對話后有一道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每段對話后，你將有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話你將聽一遍。1．Whichactivitydidthemanenjoythemost?A．Pickingpeaches.B．Fishingintheriver.C．Cyclingwithhisuncle.2．Whatisthewomanplanningtodoafterfinishingthereport?A．Toholdameeting.B．Toprepareforapresentation.C．Toaddthefinalsalesdata.3．Whatwillthemanprobablybuy?A．Amobilephone.B．Abirthdaycake.C．Asmartwatch.4．Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A．Inacafé.B．Inagym.C．Inalibrary.第二節(jié)(共6小題;每小題1分，共6分)聽下面3段對話。每段對話后有兩道小題，從每題所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽每段對話前，你將有5秒鐘的時間來閱讀每小題。聽完后，每小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話你將聽兩遍。聽第5段材料，回答第5至6小題。5．Whatdoesthewomanusetheappfor?A．Sharinghealthydiets.B．Makingtrainingplans.C．Trackingrunningroutes.6．Whydoesthemantalktothewoman?A．Tofindanexerciseapp.B．Togiveexercisesuggestions.C．Toshareexerciseexperiences.聽第6段材料，回答第7至8小題。7．Whatdopeopledobeforeenteringthetower?A．Washtheirhands.B．Removetheirshoes.C．Covertheirfaces.8．Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A．Traditionalclothes.B．Deliciousmeals.C．Localcustoms.聽第7段材料，回答第9至10小題。9．Whyisthemansohappynow?A．Hehaslearnedalotfromadoctor.B．HeenjoysthetalkwithhisfriendAmy.C．Hehasgainedinspirationfromhisfather.10．Whatinspiredthewomantobeabanker?A．Awriter’sstory.B．Theman’sadvice.C．Herfather’sinfluence.第三節(jié)(共5小題;每小題1分，共5分)聽下面一段獨白，完成第11至15五道小題，每小題僅填寫一個詞。聽獨白前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后你將有60秒鐘的作答時間。這段獨白你將聽兩遍。TipsforVolunteering11yourpassions●Explorevariousactivitiesthat12yourvalues●ResearchthetasksofvolunteerorganizationsConsideryourtime●Sticktoa13thatworksforyou●Be14aboutthetimeyoucanofferValueyourskills●Findrolesinvolunteerorganizationsbasedonyourstrengths●Acceptopportunitiestolearn15skills第四節(jié)(共3小題;每小題2分，共6分)聽下面一段獨白，回答第16至18三道小題。聽獨白前，你將有20秒鐘的時間閱讀試題，聽完后請你回答下面三個問題。這段獨白你將聽三遍。16．Whatdoesadigitalfastreferto?17．Whatproblemscanbecausedbydigitaladdiction?18．Pleaselisttwobenefitsadigitalfastcanbring.第二部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。Hairwasoncemybiggestconcern.Whilemyclassmateshadlong,silkyhairdowntheirbacks,myhairwasshortandcurly.Iwasquite____1____.“Yourhairdoesn’tdefineyou.Itisbeautiful,”mymotherwouldtrytocomfortme.However,her____2____didlittletocalmme.Whycouldn’tIhavelonghairlikeeveryoneelse?Inolongerwantedtostandout.Iwantedto____3____andbeaccepted.Itwasn’tthatIhatedmyhair,butratherIbelievedothersdid.Iwasafraiditwouldberegardeduglybymyclassmates.IalsoworriediftheylearnedIworeextensions(接發(fā)),Iwouldbe____4____.ThiswasanongoingstrugglethatIkeptsecret.Atschool,Ifacedlotsofquestionsaboutmyhair.“Doesyourhairevengrow?Arethoseextensionsoryourrealhair?”Intenthgrade,I____5____.IrealizedIhadtwooptions.Icouldeitherbelievemyclassmatesweretruly____6____orconsiderthequestionsasjudgments.Actually,their____7____didn’tmatter.IcouldchoosenottobasemyhappinessonwhatIbelievedothersthoughtofme,butonmyown____8____.Overthenexttwoyears,Ipushedmyselfoutofmycomfortzoneandengagedinvariousschoolorsocialactivities,whereIwassurroundedbydifferentpeople.Wearingmy____9____hair,Imadeitmymissiontostandout.Idevelopedintoamoreconfidentperson.InolongerlivemylifelimitedbywhatIbelieveothersthinkofme.Idon’thidebehindextensionsandifIchoosetowearthemIdoso____10____andamnolongersecretive.Now,IwearmyhairandlivemylifehoweverIdesire.1.A.thrilled B.surprised C.confused D.embarrassed2.A.decision B.support C.answer D.expectation3A.fitin B.getahead C.reachout D.moveon4.A.stopped B.challenged C.defeated D.judged5.A.struggled B.explored C.changed D.hesitated6.A.curious B.helpful C.awkward D.troubled7.A.opinions B.concerns C.explanations D.descriptions8.A.goals B.skills C.standards D.strengths9.A.silky B.messy C.stylish D.natural10.A.eagerly B.proudly C.hopefully D.seriously第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。請在答題紙指定區(qū)域作答。A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Digitalidentities,oravatars,areakeypartofhowpeopleusetheInternettocommunicateandexpress____11____(them).Thefirstsimple2Davatars____12____(appear)inrole-playingcomputergamesinthe1980s.Yet,veryfewpeopleknewthatfutureavatars____13____(have)suchawiderangeofformsanduses.Surprisingly,avatarshavethepower____14____(invent)newidentities,whichletsyouexpressyourselfandgiveslotsofroomforpeople’screativity.B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。A79-year-oldlady,popularlyknownasGrandmaBai,hasachievedwidespreadapplauseforher____15____(athlete)figure,impressiveskillsandinspiringwords.Baihadthreesurgeriesin2005.____16____(improve)herhealthcondition,shebeganworkingoutatafitnesscenterfivetimesperweek,practicingyogaandweightlifting.Shebelievesthatworkingoutregularlyhelpsavoid____17____(fall)illandmakespeoplefullofconfidence.C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Mostofusthinkofceremoniesasimportantoccasions____18____areconnectedtomajorlifeeventslikebirthdays.However,thereisasurprisingpowerofhavinga“senseofceremony”andthesecretlies____19____awakeningoursenses.Forexample,tostartarefreshingMonday,youcanmakeacupofcoffeeandwritedownthreethingstocompletethisweek.AfterafewMondays,assoonasyousmellthecoffeescent,you____20____(remind)oftheweek’spossibilitiesandlookforwardtotheweekahead.第三部分：閱讀理解(共一節(jié)，22分)第一節(jié)(共11小題;每小題2分，共22分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題紙上將該項涂黑。AWhetheryou’reakeenwalkerorjuststartingoutwithwalking,youmightbeunderstandablyunwillingtodoitoutsideinthecold.Believeitornot,therearemanybenefitsofwalkingoutsideinthecold.Ifyou’rethinkingaboutaddingcold-weatherwalkstoyourexerciseroutine,herearesometips.DressinginlayersDressingproperlyforcold-weatherwalksissoimportant.Wearingseveralpiecesofclothingontopofoneanothercanhelpyourbodybetteradapttodecreasedtemperatures.Youcanstartoutwithabaselayer,theoneclosesttoyourskinandmadeoutofsweat-absorbing(吸汗的)material,includeamiddlelayerthathelpsyoukeepbodyheat,andthenfinishwithashelllayerthatprotectsagainsttheoutsideelementslikerain,windorsnow.ProtectingyourextremitiesProtectyourfeetandhandsbywearingglovesandwarmsocks.Whenyoustartdoingcardioexerciseslikewalkingorintenseexercise,yourbloodtendstogowhereit’smostneeded(i.e.,yourorgans),nottotheextremities.Thismeansyourextremitiesaremorelikelytogetcolddamage,soyouneedtomakesurethatthey’reprotectedwithcold-weatherwalkinggear(裝備).WearingreflectivegearIftherouteyou’rewalkingondoesn’thavemanywell-litareas,itmaybeagoodideatowearreflectiveclothing,whichismadeoutofmaterialsthatnaturallyreflectlightsothatpassersbycanbetterseeyou.MakingitfunMakingcold-weatherwalkingmoreenjoyableinvolveselementsofinterest,variety,andcomfortduringtheexperience.Walkingwithafriendorapetcanaddasocialaspecttoyouractivity.Itcanbemorefuntosharetheexperienceandconversation,makingthetimepassmorequickly.Walkingincoldweathercanboostyourimmunesystem.However,it’salwaysimportanttoconsultwithyourhealthcareproviderbeforebeginninganewexercise.Whenembarkingonyourcold-weatherwalks,exercisecautionforasafeandenjoyableexperience.21.What’sthefunctionofashelllayerforacold-weatherwalk?A.Tolockbodyheat. B.Tocreateastylishappearance.C.Tokeeptheskindry. D.Todefendagainstwindorrain.22.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanwelearnaboutcold-weatherwalking?A.Reflectiveclothingisanecessity.B.Walkingwithafriendmayincreasespeed.C.Beginnersshouldseekadvicefromhealthcareproviders.D.Bloodtendstoflowmoretohandsandfeetduringwalking.23.What’sthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Toprovideguidanceoncold-weatherwalking.B.Tocallonpeopletoworkoutincoldweather.C.Toexplainthebenefitsofcold-weatherwalking.D.Tointroducebasicwearforwalkingincoldweather.24.Whereisthispassageprobablytakenfrom?A.Asciencejournal. B.Ahealthreport. C.Asportsmagazine. D.Ashoppingguide.BIdidnotexpectsomanypeopletobehere.Overfivehundredwereseatedinrowsthatextendedintotheopengymnasiumbeyond.Icouldheartheoccasionalsoundofacoughorachildtryingtostayquiet,butitallsoundedmuffledasifIwasunderwater.Everynight,EthanandIpracticedharduntilmyvoicegotrough(沙啞的)andhisfingershurt.Wewereinvitedtoperformatanationalmusicconcert.Itwasarareopportunityforustoshine,sowewantedtogiveitourall.Everyrun-throughwedid,we’dfixafewmistakesbutalwaysfindafewnewonesinexchange.Itwasliketwostepsforwardandonestepback.Eventhoughwesometimesdisagreed,westayedfocusedonourgoal.Aswewalkedupontothestage,Icouldfeelathousandsharpeyesonme.Theairwasperfectlystill.Thelightsfelthotonmyface.Whenthemusicbegan,Ifroze.Mymouthopened,butnosoundcameout.Ethanslowedthepianodownforabeatashelookedoveratme.Heknewsomethingwaswrong,buthecontinuedonwardashehadbeentrainedtodo.Isearcheddesperatelyforasolution,myeyesmovingquicklyaroundthedarkenedhall.Ifeltasiftimehadstopped.Then,IlockedeyeswithMom.Evenatadistance,IcouldsensehergentlymouthingthewordstomeasshehadalwaysdonewheneverI’dforgetmylyrics,“Elise,youcandoit.”Itookadeepbreathandmyvoicefinallycameout,strongandclear.EthanandIrodethroughtherestofthesonguntiltheend,ourvoicesandthepianofittingtogetherinharmony.Amomentofreflectivesilence.Then,theentireaudiencerosetotheirfeetinapplause.Amonthlater,IfeltlikeIwasunderwateragain.Asoftannouncercalledout,“FantaisieImpromptu,Op.66.”Iwalkedontothestage.AsIlookedup,Isawmymom.Shewatchedmepatientlyandgavemeareassuringnod.Gradually,thepressureonmychestmeltedawayandIcouldbreatheoncemore.Ihaddonethisbefore,andIwoulddoitagain.25.Elisewasnervousbecause______.A.shedidn’tpracticeenoughwithEthan B.shewasworryingaboutherroughvoiceC.shedidn’tsharethesamegoalwithEthan D.shehadtofacealargeaudienceinthehall26.WhenEthanstartedtoplaythepiano,Elise______.A.lostherselfinthebeautifulmusic B.triedtosingbutcouldn’tmakeasoundC.feltsomethingwrongwiththestagelights D.countedthebeatsofthesongalongsidehim27.Whatdoesthestorymainlytellus?A.Teamworkturnstheimpossibleintoreality.B.Continuoushardworkwilleventuallypayoff.C.Supportfromlovedoneslightsthepathtoconfidence.DTruestrengthcomesfromovercomingrepeatedfailures.CIn2022,anadvancedAIlanguagemodeltooktheworldbystormwithitsimpressivecapabilities.YethiddenwithinitsdesignliesakeybreakthroughresponsibleforsendingAIrocketingthesepastfewyears—andpossiblyalimitationthatcouldseeitcrashingbacktoEarth.Atitscore,theAImodelreliesona“transformer”approach.Whenthemodelisgivenastringofwords,itmakeslinksbetweenthewordsithasalreadybeenfed,“transforming”thewholeinputintoanewoutput.Thatdesignachievedhugesuccesswhengivenenoughcomputingpoweranddata,leadingtothesurprisingjumpinapparentreasoningandlanguagecapabilitiesbehindtoday’sAItools.What’smore,usingevergreaterlevelsofcomputingpoweranddataseemstocontinuallyimproveatransformer’sperformance.This“scalinglaw”iswhyAIcompanieshavepredictedthattheirmodelswillgetbetterandbetter.Outsideobserversaredoubtful,however.Someresearchersquestionwhetherthisall-importantscalinglawcancontinuetobeunimpeded,especiallyasmostoftheavailabledatatotrainthemodelsonhasalreadybeengatheredontheInternet.Eveniftransformerscontinuetofollowthisscalinglaw,therecouldstillbeafundamental(根本的)problemwiththeirdesign.Theylackaninternalmemory,whichiscentraltohowhumanintelligenceworks.Unlikehumans,whocanrememberpastinformationandbuildonitnaturally,transformersdon’thavethiscapability.Asaresult,transformersmustrepeatedlylookbackatdatatheyhavealreadyseen.ProcessingandproducinglongtextcanthereforerequireenormouscomputationalresourcesastheAIscansbackandforth.Researchershopetosolvethisproblemwithotherneuralnetworkarchitecturessuchasamodelcalledextendedlongshort-termmemory(xLSTM),whichproducescomparableresultstotransformerswhilebeingmuchmoreefficientandabletorememberpaststates.Butadeeperproblemwithbothtransformersandtheiralternativesiswhethertheyare“Turingcomplete”,whichmeanstheyareabletorunanyalgorithm(算法)orcomputeanythingthatanyothercomputercan.Takeabasicproblem:addingtwonumbers.Sincetransformerslearnfromtheirtrainingdata,theyaregoodataddingnumbersthey’vemetmanytimes,butmayproduceincorrectresultsfornumbersnotfoundintheirtrainingdata.Whiletransformeralgorithmisimprovingasmodelsscaleup,itstillisn’tcleariftheyhavethecapabilitytodoadditioninaTuring-completeway.So,whatisthesolution?FindinganAIarchitecturethatcanperformaswellasthetransformer,whilealsosolvingthecurrentproblemswithefficiencyandmemory,isnoeasytask.28.SomeAIcompaniesareoptimisticabouttheirAImodelsbecause______.A.theycantransforminputintoanewoutputB.theyhavemasteredreasoningandlanguageskillsC.theycanbringaboutbreakthroughsincomputingpowerD.theykeepimprovingwithgrowingcomputingpoweranddata29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“unimpeded”probablymeaninparagraph3?A.Unblocked. B.Unexpected. C.Unsolved. D.Unexplored.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Transformersaregoodataddingnumbers.BxLSTMproducesbetterresultsthantransformers.C.TobeTuringcompleteisachallengeforAImodels.D.InternalmemoryenablesAImodelstoproducelongtext.31.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthispassage?A.TheRiseandFallofAIModels B.TheUncertainFutureofAIModelsC.SolutionstoProblemsofAIModels D.ScalingLawsandAIModels’Progress第四部分：書面表達(共兩節(jié)，27分)第一節(jié)(共4小題;第50—51小題各2分，第52小題3分，第53小題5分，共12分)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)題目要求用英文回答問題.TheParadoxofChoicesAlittlecafé“TheSipandSmile”,knownforitssimpleatmosphere,hadbeenagatheringplaceinasmalltownfordecades.Thecaféofferedahumblemenuwiththreecoffeeoptions:black,cappuccino,andlatte.Peoplecame,orderedtheirfavorites,andenjoyedconversationsthatwentonlongafterthecoffeecupswereempty.Oneday,thecafédecidedtobroadenitsmenu.Inanefforttoattractmorecustomers,itintroduced50varietiesofcoffee,rangingfromespressotoflavoredfrappes.However,astrangethingstartedhappening.Asthemenugrew,theonce-busycafébeganlosingitscharm.Peoplewouldwalkin,lookattheendlesslistofoptions,andhesitate,unabletodecide.Thepleasantconversationsthatusedtofilltheairturnedintomurmursofuncertainty:“ShouldItrymochatoday?Ormaybemacchiato?Wait,maybe…?”Whathadoncebeenasimple,joyousactoforderingcoffeenowfeltlikeaburden.Customersspentmoretimechoosingthansipping.Thetownfolk,whooncelovedthecaféforitssimplicity,werenowconfusedbytoomanychoices.Thisstoryofthecaféreflectsamodern-dayphenomenon:theparadoxofchoices.We’representedwithmoreoptionsthaneverbefore.Whetherit’schoosingacareerpath,ordecidingwhichproducttobuy,thenumerouschoicesoftenleaveusmorestressed,anddissatisfied.PsychologistBarrySchwartzintroducedtheideaofthe“paradoxofchoice,”whichsuggeststhatwhilehavingsomechoicesisgood,havingtoomanycanleadtoanxiety,indecision,anddissatisfaction.Thisparadoxarisesbecause,asoptionsincrease,theefforttoevaluate(評估)themincreasestoo.Westarttoworrythatwe’llmakethewrongdecision,ormissoutonbetterchoices.Aftermonthsofdecliningbusiness,thecafélearneditslesson.Thecaféownerdecidedtoreturntoasimplermenu.Now,customershadaselectfewoptions,eachmadewithcare.Conversationsreturned,thelaughtercameback,andthecaféonceagainbecame