石家莊二中教育集團(tuán)2021-2022學(xué)年度高二年級下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ADiscoverallthegreatSydneyattractions.You’llfindmanymemorablethingstodoandfascinatingmuseumstovisitinSydney,Australia.AustralianMuseumTheAustralianMuseum(AM)wasfoundedin1827andiswell-knownasthenation’sfirstmuseum.TheAMhasbeentransformedandvisitorscannowenjoytransformedspacesandupdatedfacilities.FreegeneraladmissionincludesentrytoallpermanentexhibitionsandPrehistoricPlayground,whichisopendailyonLevel2andfeaturesavarietyofactivitiesforchildrenofallagesincludingafossillabandinteractivedinosaurdesignstation.ArtGalleryofNewSouthWalesExplorefivelevelsofartatoneofAustralia'smostpopularartmuseums,locatedwithinbeautifulparklandsoverlookingSydneyHarbour,just10minutes’walkfromthecity.SeeanextensivecollectionofAustralianart，includingoneofthelargestgalleriesofaboriginal(土著的)artinthecountry,alongsideAsiantreasuresandleadinglocalandinternationalcontemporaryart.MuseumofContemporaryArtAustralia-MCATheMuseumofContemporaryArtAustraliaisAustralia’sleadingmuseumdedicatedtoexhibiting,interpretingandcollectingcontemporaryartfromacrossAustralia.LocatedatCircularQuay,theMCAishousedintheformerMaritimeServicesbuilding,afineexampleoflateArtDecoarchitecture.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseumLocatedatthewaterfrontofDarlingHarbour,theMaritimeMuseumisanindoor/outdoorattractionandgreatentertainmentforthewholefamily.Themuseumhasoneofthelargestandmostdiversein-waterfleets(艦隊(duì))intheworld.Themuseumhostssixpermanentgalleries,anever-changingprogramoftemporaryexhibitions,anda3Dcinema,ensuringthatthereissomethingforeveryone.1.WhatisAustralianMuseumfamousfor?A.Thelowestprice. B.Contemporaryart.C.Outdoorattractions. D.Thelongesthistory.2.WhereshouldyougoifyouwanttoappreciatetreasuresfromAsia?A.AustralianMuseum.B.ArtGalleryofNewSouthWales.C.AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum.D.MuseumofContemporaryArtAustralia—MCA.3.WhichofthefollowingcanbeseeninAustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum?A.A3Dcinema. B.Adesignstation.C.Localcontemporaryart. D.LateArtDecoarchitecture.【答案】1.D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了澳大利亞悉尼的幾個(gè)博物館景點(diǎn)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AustralianMuseum下列段落中“TheAustralianMuseum(AM)wasfoundedin1827andiswell-knownasthenation’sfirstmuseum.(澳大利亞博物館（AM）成立于1827年，是澳大利亞第一個(gè)博物館)”可知，澳大利亞博物館以歷史最長而聞名。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)ArtGalleryofNewSouthWales下列第二段“SeeanextensivecollectionofAustralianart,includingoneofthelargestgalleriesofaboriginal(土著的)artinthecountry,alongsideAsiantreasuresandleadinglocalandinternationalcontemporaryart.(這里收藏了大量的澳大利亞藝術(shù)，包括該國最大的土著藝術(shù)畫廊之一，以及亞洲珍寶和領(lǐng)先的本地和國際當(dāng)代藝術(shù))”可知，如果你想欣賞來自亞洲的珍寶，應(yīng)該去新南威爾士州美術(shù)館。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)AustralianNationalMaritimeMuseum下列段落中“Themuseumhostssixpermanentgalleries,anever-changingprogramoftemporaryexhibitions,anda3Dcinema,ensuringthatthereissomethingforeveryone.(博物館有六個(gè)永久畫廊，一個(gè)不斷變化的臨時(shí)展覽項(xiàng)目，和一個(gè)3D電影院，確保每個(gè)人都有所收獲)”可知，在澳大利亞國家海事博物館可以看到3D電影院。故選A項(xiàng)。BJoseAlbertoGutierrez’slifewouldneverbethesameagainafterfindingacopyofAnnaKareninainthetrash(垃圾)20yearsago.Ithappenedwhilehewasdrivinghisgarbagetruckthroughwealthierneighbourhoodsandseeingbooksabandonedbytherich.Itignitedhisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthetrash.Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.InColombia’scapitalcityofBogota,librariestendtobefarawayfrompoorercommunities.Theoptionofbuyingnewbooksisnon-existentforpoorfamiliesandhavingaccesstoalibraryofbooksisaluxury.Gutierrezgrewuppoor,andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.Nevertheless,hismotherwasapassionatereaderandreadstoriestohimeverynight.HerloveforbooksleftadeepimpressiononGutierrez,whoneverletalackofformaleducationstophim.Today,hiscommunitylibrary,“TheStrengthofWords”,occupiesmostofhishomeandispiledfromfloortoceilingwithfictionandnon-fictiontitles.Everythingfromschooltextbookstostorybookscanbefoundinhiscollectionofover20,000books!TheStrengthofWordslibraryisopeneveryweekend,andchildreninGutierrez’sneighbourhoodareallowedtolookthroughthebookcollection.Adultsarealsowelcometoexpandtheirvisionanddevelopnewskillsforabetterlife.Today,theGutierrezfamilydoesn’tmerelywanttostartlibrariesinneighbourhoods.Theywanttocreatemoresafespacesforschoolchildrentospendtheirtimereading.ThisisimportantforkidslivinginBogotawheremanyyoungpeoplewastetimeinthestreets.Gutierrez’sjourneytogivetreasurebacktohislocalcommunityisanamazingexampleofhoweveryoneofuscanimprovethelivesofthosearoundusbyidentifyingneeds,investingtimeandfindingasimplesolution.HowmightwetakealeafoutofGutierrez’sbook?4.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“ignited”meaninparagraph1?A.Satisfied. B.Ignored. C.Excited. D.Expressed.5.WhatdoweknowaboutGutierrez’slibrary?A.Itaimstorecycleandreusethegarbage.B.Itissponsoredbywealthiercommunities.C.Itisinthechargeofhispassionatemother.D.Itmakesknowledgeaccessibletopoorkids.6.Whatmessagedoesthelastsentenceconvey?A.WeshouldvalueGutierrez’sspiritofpayingback.B.WecanfollowGutierrez’sexampletohelpothers.C.WeshouldgotovisitGutierrez’slibrarypersonally.D.WecandonatedesertedbookstoGutierrez’slibrary.7.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.FromTrashtoTreasure B.TheBooksofGutierrezC.FromHometoCommunity D.TheStrengthofReading【答案】4.C5.D6.B7.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文，講述的是古鐵雷斯通過從垃圾里收集舊書辦成了圖書館，從而讓許多貧窮家庭的孩子們能夠閱讀的故事，從而引發(fā)讀者關(guān)于如何改善身邊人的生活的思考?！?題詳解】詞義猜測題。A.Satisfied滿足；B.Ignored忽略；C.Excited激發(fā)，引起；D.Expressed表達(dá)。根據(jù)第一段的最后一句“Eventually,heturnedhisbookcollectionintoacommunitylibrary.”（最終他利用自己收集到的書辦成了一個(gè)社區(qū)圖書館。）可知，古鐵雷斯收集了書，并且能夠辦成圖書館，由此推知前面“hisdesiretostartrescuingbooksfromthetrash”（他開始從垃圾堆里拯救圖書的渴望）被激發(fā)了，即劃線單詞“ignited”是“激發(fā)，引起”的意思，C項(xiàng)符合題意。故選C項(xiàng)。【5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句“Gutierrezgrewuppoor,andhisfamilycouldnotaffordtoeducatehimbeyondprimaryschool.”（古鐵雷斯出身貧窮，家里人負(fù)擔(dān)不起他小學(xué)以后的教育費(fèi)用。）可知，由此推測他所居住的街區(qū)比較貧困。又根據(jù)“TheStrengthofWordslibraryisopeneveryweekend,andchildreninGutierrez’sneighbourhoodareallowedtolookthroughthebookcollection.”（文字的力量圖書館每周末開放，古鐵雷斯的所在街區(qū)的孩子們都能翻閱他的藏書。）可知，這些孩子生活在古鐵雷斯的所在街區(qū)，也是貧窮的，這個(gè)圖書館讓這些孩子們能夠閱讀，獲取知識，所以D項(xiàng)符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句“Gutierrez’sjourneytogivetreasurebacktohislocalcommunityisanamazingexampleofhoweveryoneofuscanimprovethelivesofthosearoundusbyidentifyingneeds,investingtimeandfindingasimplesolution.”（古鐵雷斯將珍寶還給當(dāng)?shù)厣鐓^(qū)的案例令人驚嘆，這說明我們每個(gè)人都可以通過確定需求、投入時(shí)間和找到簡單的解決方法來改善周圍人的生活。）可知，古鐵雷斯收集垃圾堆里的書并由此辦成圖書館的事情幫助改善了周圍人的生活，所以文章最后一句“HowmightwetakealeafoutofGutierrez’sbook?”（我們該如何模仿古特雷斯的做法上呢？）想要告訴我們，我們可以仿照古鐵雷斯的案例去幫助他人。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】主旨大意題。文章講述的是古鐵雷斯通過從垃圾里收集舊書辦成了圖書館，從而讓許多貧窮家庭的孩子們以及大人能夠閱讀的故事，從而引發(fā)讀者關(guān)于如何改善身邊人的生活的思考。A項(xiàng)“Trash”指的是從垃圾里撿回的書，“Treasure”意味著這些回收的書的價(jià)值，即再次利用書而造福窮人，讓他們能夠獲取知識、拓寬視野，改善生活，所以“FromTrashtoTreasure”（變廢為寶）最為適合作為本文的標(biāo)題。故選A項(xiàng)。CFamousIsraeligastronome(美食家)MichalAnskyisaprofessionaltasterandaMasterChefjudge.Sowhenshewasinvitedtotheworld’sfirstpublicblindtastetestsettinglab-grownchickenintocompetitionagainstaconventionallyraisedproduct,shewasconfidentthatshewouldbeabletotellthedifference.Surroundedbycamerasatarestaurantbar,shetastedfromtwodishes,labeledAandB.Ateamoflawyerslookedon,taskedwithmakingsurethatthetastingtrulywasblind.Eventhechefwhosautéed(嫩煎)themeatinsunfloweroil—nosalt,noseasonings—didn’tknowwhichwaswhich.Bothwereflavorless,Anskynoted,butshewouldbetherreputationthatsampleAwastherealthing.Ithadaricher,more“chickeny”taste.Thetastingwashostedbyameat-techstartupSuperMeatatitsin-houserestaurant,TheChicken.Eversince2013,whenthefirstlab-grownhamburgerwaspresentedtothepublicwitha$330,000pricetag,alternative-meatcompanieshavebeeninchingclosertoaproductthatisjustastastyandnearlyasaffordableastherealthing,butwithouttheclimateimpacts.Onenewstudyfoundhigh-incomecountriescouldcutagriculturalemissions(排放物)byalmosttwo-thirdsbymovingawayfromanimal-basedfoods.Butonequestionremains:Wouldconsumersbeabletotellthedifference?SuperMeatdecidedtoputitsproducttothetestwithoutthedeepfryingandsaucesthatareusuallyusedtomaskalackofflavor.SampleBhadlessflavor,soAnskyreasonedthatithadtobetheonegrowninalab.ShewassoconvincedofherdecisionthatwhenSuperMeatfounderIdoSavirannouncedthatitwasinfactAthatwaslab-grown,shecorrectedhim.“No,”shesaid.“Aistherealchicken.”Adaylater,IspoketoAnskyaboutthetasting.“It’soneoftheonlytimesinmylifethatI’mreallyhappythatIwaswrong,”sheadmitted.8.Whatdoweknowaboutthetastetest?A.Itwashostedbyachicken-themedrestaurant.B.Foodsamplesweremadewithdifferentflavors.C.MichalAnskywasinvitedtothetestforherreputation.D.Lawyerswereinvolvedtoensuretheauthorityoftheactivity.9.Thepurposeofhostingthetastetestistoprovethat________.A.lab-grownchickentastesasgoodasraisedchickenB.meateatersturnablindeyetothetasteofchickenC.evenaworld-famousgastronomecanmakemistakesD.chickenshouldbecookedwelltoappealtocustomers10.Whatisthebiggestadvantageoflab-grownchicken?A.Morechickenytaste.B.Moreaffordableprice.C.Lessartificialflavor.D.Lesscarbonfootprint.11.WhydidAnskysaythatshewashappythatshewaswrong?A.Shewantedtoeaseherembarrassment.B.Shesawamilestoneinthefoodindustry.CShechangedpeople’sopinionofherjob.D.Shebelievedinthepowerofmakingmistakes.【答案】8.C9.A10.D11.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了一家肉類科技初創(chuàng)公司SuperMeat邀請美食家Ansky試吃分別由真正雞肉及該公司通過科技手段培育出的雞肉制成的兩道菜。最后Ansky對食物的判斷是錯(cuò)的。旨在說明目前科技已經(jīng)可以培育出味道與真正雞肉一樣的產(chǎn)品，這樣人類可以減少食用動物性食物，減少對氣候的影響?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“FamousIsraeligastronome(美食家)MichalAnskyisaprofessionaltasterandaMasterChefjudge.Sowhenshewasinvitedtotheworld’sfirstpublicblindtastetestsettinglab-grownchickenintocompetitionagainstaconventionallyraisedproduct,shewasconfidentthatshewouldbeabletotellthedifference.(以色列著名美食家Ansky是一家專業(yè)品酒師和美食家。因此，當(dāng)她被邀請參加世界上第一次公開的盲品測試時(shí)，她自信自己能夠分辨出不同的實(shí)驗(yàn)室培育的雞肉和傳統(tǒng)飼養(yǎng)的產(chǎn)品)”可知，因?yàn)锳nsky是一名著名的品酒師及美食家，所以她被邀請參加試吃。故選C?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meatcompanieshavebeeninchingclosertoaproductthatisjustastastyandnearlyasaffordableastherealthing,butwithouttheclimateimpacts.(這些可替代肉類公司就一直在慢慢研究生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品和真正的漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會對氣候造成影響)”可知，這家公司舉辦這次試吃活動，目的是證明通過技術(shù)手段生產(chǎn)出的雞肉產(chǎn)品，與真正的雞肉產(chǎn)品相比，可以一樣美味。故選A?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meatcompanieshavebeeninchingclosertoaproductthatisjustastastyandnearlyasaffordableastherealthing,butwithouttheclimateimpacts.(這些可替代肉類公司就一直在慢慢研究生產(chǎn)這種產(chǎn)品，這種產(chǎn)品和真正的漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會對氣候造成影響)”可知，這家公司通過技術(shù)手段生產(chǎn)出的雞肉產(chǎn)品，與真正的雞肉產(chǎn)品相比，可以一樣美味，但更便宜，而且不會對氣候造成影響。因?yàn)檫h(yuǎn)離動物性食物可以減少碳排放，有助于環(huán)保。故選D。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“alternative-meatcompanieshavebeeninchingclosertoaproductthatisjustastastyandnearlyasaffordableastherealthing,butwithouttheclimateimpacts.Onenewstudyfoundhigh-incomecountriescouldcutagriculturalemissions(排放物)byalmosttwo-thirdsbymovingawayfromanimal-basedfoods.(替代肉類公司就一直在慢慢地向一種產(chǎn)品靠近，這種產(chǎn)品和真正漢堡一樣美味，幾乎和真正的漢堡一樣便宜，但不會對氣候造成影響。一個(gè)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)高收入國家通過遠(yuǎn)離動物性食物可以減少近三分之二的排放物)”可知，這種肉類替代性產(chǎn)品有助于環(huán)保，幫助減少碳排放，在口感味道上幾乎沒有差別，所以Ansky說她很高興自己錯(cuò)了，是因?yàn)檫@些雞肉口味同樣很棒，但是對環(huán)保有益，是食品行業(yè)的一次了不起的技術(shù)突破。故選B。DTheterm“socialdistancing”hasbeenatthecenterofpublicconversationforawhile.Butit’snot“social”distancewearetryingtopromote.It’sphysicalseparation.Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.Giventhisfact,howmightwebeststayconnectedtootherswhilemaintainingphysicaldistance?Wouldwebebetteroffe-mailingafriend?Makingaphonecall?Settingupavideochat?Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.Inourexperiment,weaskedparticipantstoreconnectwithsomeonethattheyhadn’tinteractedwithrecently,eitherthroughe-mailoroverthephone.Participantsfirstmadepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketogetintouchiftheyreachedoutinthesetwoways.Theygenerallybelievedthatthey’dfeelmoreconnectedwheninteractingviathephonethanovere-mail.Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.Althoughtheseparticipantsbelievedthattalkingencouragedstrongerbonds,mostofthemsaidthey’drathersendane-mailthancallthepersonup.Fearsaboutawkwardness,itseems,pushindividualstowardtext-basedmethodsforcommunicating.Inthenextpartoftheexperiment,wehadparticipantsactuallyreconnectusingonerandomlydeterminedmodeofcommunicationandthenfollowedupwiththemaftertheyhaddoneso.Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.12.Howdoestheauthorsupporthisviewontheimportanceofmaintainingsocialties?ABystatingadeep-rootedtradition. B.Bycitingapublishedreport.C.Bysharingpublicopinions. D.Bypresentingofficialdocuments.13.WhatdidtheauthorandEpley’sstudyfocuson?A.Howtechnologiesimpactmeansofcommunication.B.Howsocialmediachoicesaffectfeelingsofconnection.C.Whymaintainingsocialseparationisbadformentalhealth.D.Whyreconnectingwithfriendsoverthephonebringsawkwardness.14.Whatcanweinferfromthestudyresults?A.Theychangedtheresearchobjectives. B.Theyprovidedinsightsforfuturestudies.C.Theyconfirmedresearchers’expectations. D.Theycontradictedparticipants’predictionspartly.15.Whatcanbeconcludedfromthetext?A.Forstrongerbonds,talkinsteadoftyping.B.Keepingintouchiskeytoalastingfriendship.C.Thinkbeforeyouconsidercontactinganoldfriend.D.Text-basedmethodsforcommunicationcausediscomfort.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了保持社會聯(lián)系——即使是遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)系——對身心健康都至關(guān)重要，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)人們通過電話交流比通過電子郵件交流更能形成有意義的紐帶。重要的是，當(dāng)用手機(jī)重新聯(lián)系時(shí)，他們的不適程度沒有區(qū)別?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Infact,preservingsocialties—evenatadistance—isessentialforbothmentalandphysicalhealth.Theresultsofananalyticreviewdonein2017indicatethatalackofsocialsupportisonaparwithsmokingcigarettesasariskfactorforhealth.(事實(shí)上，保持社會聯(lián)系——即使是遠(yuǎn)距離聯(lián)系——對身心健康都至關(guān)重要。2017年進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)分析審查的結(jié)果表明，缺乏社會支持與吸煙一樣是健康的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素)”可知，作者通過引用一份發(fā)表的報(bào)告支持他關(guān)于保持社會聯(lián)系重要性的觀點(diǎn)。故選B?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Inourstudy,NickEpleyandItestedwhetherthemediathroughwhichpeopleinteractaffectstheirsenseofconnection—andhowexpectationsaboutcertaintechnologiesimpactthecommunicationmediatheychoosetouse.(在我們的研究中，NickEpley和我測試了人們互動的媒體是否會影響他們的聯(lián)系感，以及對某些技術(shù)的期望如何影響他們選擇使用的交流媒體)”可知，作者和Epley的研究重點(diǎn)是技術(shù)如何影響交流手段。故選A?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Buttheyalsopredictedthattalkingonthephonecouldbemoreuncomfortablethansendingane-mail.(但他們也預(yù)測，打電話可能比發(fā)電子郵件更讓人不舒服)”以及倒數(shù)第二段中“Wefoundthatpeopledoformmeaningfullystrongerbondswheninteractingoverthephonethanovere-mail.Importantly,though,therewasnodifferenceintheamountofdiscomfortwhenreconnectingonthephone.(我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們通過電話交流比通過電子郵件交流更能形成有意義的紐帶。然而，重要的是，當(dāng)用手機(jī)重新聯(lián)系時(shí)，他們的不適程度沒有區(qū)別)”可推知，研究結(jié)果與參與者的預(yù)測部分矛盾。故選D?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Thenexttimeyouthinkabouthowbesttoconnect,considercallingorsettingupavideochat.Feelingsofsocialconnectionarepreferablyfacilitatedbyvoiceratherthanakeyboard.(下次當(dāng)你考慮如何最好地聯(lián)系時(shí)，考慮打電話或建立視頻聊天。社交聯(lián)系的感覺最好是通過聲音而不是鍵盤來促進(jìn)的)”可推知，要想加強(qiáng)聯(lián)系，用交談代替打字。故選A。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Expertsarealwaysadvocatingthehealthbenefitsofbiking.Andwhilethebarriertoentryislow-prettymuchallyouneedtoknowtostartcyclingishowtorideabikeitself—peopleoftenaskmeifIhaveanytipsforbeginnerbikers.Below,afewthingsI’velearnedalongthewaythathelpmakeforasaferandmorejoyfulride:Followtherulesoftheroad.Brakeatyellowlights,stopforpedestriansandmaintainasoliddistancefromcars.____16____Therefore,neverflythroughstopsigns,approachtooclosetothefrontvehiclesorshoutatcars.____17____ABritishdoctorrecentlymadeheadlineswhenheclaimedthatwearingabikehelmetisactuallymoredangerousthantravelingwithoutone,butmostresearchsuggestsotherwise.Afull98percentofbikecommuters(上下班族)ownahelmet,soyou’llbeingoodcompany,anyway.Makeaplaylist.Lawsagainstridingwithheadphonesvaryfromstatetostate,andit’sneverpropertolistentomusicinmorethanoneear.Butcruisingaroundtoasoundtrackcanbeanamazingfeeling,soconsiderbuyingawirelessspeakeryoucanfixonyourframe.____18____Knowyourrights.Ifyoudoendupgettingintoacollision(碰撞)stayonthesceneuntilthepolicecome.____19____Cyclistsaretoooftentakenadvantageofinbadsituations,especiallyiftheirinjuriesdon’tseemtobeapparent.Findsomefriends.Asgreatasitcanbetobikealone,zippingdownthestreetinabiggroupisanequallysatisfyingexperience.____20____Variousbicycletripsareoftenorganized,whichprovidesopportunitiestodevelopfriendshipamongbikers.A.Getfullyequipped.B.Besuretogetahelmet.C.Mostcitieshaveenoughresourcesforthecyclingcommunity.D.It’snecessarythatyougivethemanaccuratereportoftheincident.E.Mostofuswillfeelitobviouslysafertorideonabikethaninacar.F.Thenputtogetheralistofyourfavoritetunesandgetreadytoenjoythem.G.Pushingtothelimitnotonlygivesbikersabadreputation,butalsoagreatdanger.【答案】16.G17.B18.F19.D20.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要給初學(xué)騎自行車的人一些實(shí)用的建議以幫助他們的自行車之旅更安全、快樂?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)下文“Therefore,neverflythroughstopsigns,approachtooclosetothefrontvehiclesorshoutatcars.(因此，永遠(yuǎn)不要飛過停車標(biāo)志，靠近前面的車輛或?qū)ζ嚧蠛啊?”可知，空處應(yīng)指的是不遵守交通規(guī)則帶來的壞處。G選項(xiàng)“Pushingtothelimitnotonlygivesbikersabadreputation,butalsoagreatdanger.(突破極限不僅會給騎自行車的人帶來壞名聲，還會帶來巨大的危險(xiǎn)。)”說明的正是不遵守交通規(guī)則的壞處。故選G。【17題詳解】空處為段首句，為本段中心句。下文“ABritishdoctorrecentlymadeheadlineswhenheclaimedthatwearingabikehelmetisactuallymoredangerousthantravelingwithoutone,butmostresearchsuggestsotherwise.(一位英國醫(yī)生最近上了頭條，他聲稱戴自行車頭盔實(shí)際上比不戴頭盔旅行更危險(xiǎn)，但大多數(shù)研究表明情況并非如此。)”講述的是騎自行車要戴頭盔。B選項(xiàng)“Besuretogetahelmet.(一定要戴上頭盔。)”與下文內(nèi)容一致。故選B。【18題詳解】根據(jù)本段首句“Makeaplaylist.(制作播放列表。)”建議讀者制作一個(gè)播放列表。而上文“Lawsagainstridingwithheadphonesvaryfromstatetostate,andit’sneverpropertolistentomusicinmorethanoneear.Butcruisingaroundtoasoundtrackcanbeanamazingfeeling,soconsiderbuyingawirelessspeakeryoucanfixonyourframe.(禁止戴耳機(jī)騎車的法律因州而異，用一只耳朵以上聽音樂是不合適的。但是聽著原聲音樂四處閑逛會有一種奇妙的感覺，所以考慮買一個(gè)可以固定在框架上的無線揚(yáng)聲器。)”則主要講述的是，不要戴耳機(jī)聽音樂騎自行車，反而建議讀者買一個(gè)無線揚(yáng)聲器。所以空處應(yīng)與段首句呼應(yīng)。F選項(xiàng)“Thenputtogetheralistofyourfavoritetunesandgetreadytoenjoythem.(然后列出你最喜歡的音樂，準(zhǔn)備好欣賞它們。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致。故選F?！?9題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Ifyoudoendupgettingintoacollision(碰撞),stayonthesceneuntilthepolicecome.(如果你最終發(fā)生了碰撞，待在現(xiàn)場直到警察來。)”可知，當(dāng)發(fā)生車禍時(shí)，要等警察到現(xiàn)場。D選項(xiàng)“It’snecessarythatyougivethemanaccuratereportoftheincident.(你有必要給他們一份準(zhǔn)確的事件報(bào)告。)”延續(xù)上文內(nèi)容，解釋了待在現(xiàn)場的必要性；同時(shí)“them”指的是上文提到的“thepolice”。故選D?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)空前“Asgreatasitcanbetobikealone,zippingdownthestreetinabiggroupisanequallysatisfyingexperience.(一個(gè)人騎自行車固然很棒，但一大群人在街上飛馳也是一種同樣令人滿意的體驗(yàn)。)”可知，作者建議很多人一起騎自行車。C選項(xiàng)“Mostcitieshaveenoughresourcesforthecyclingcommunity.(多數(shù)城市都有足夠的資源供騎行社區(qū)使用。)”與上文內(nèi)容一致，解釋了很多人一起騎自行車在大城市也是可能的。故選C。第三部分語言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Afewyearsbackagroupofyoungteachersfromanotherschoolwasspendingadayinmyclass.Theywereenergetic,brightand___21___.However,Inoticedakey___22___intheirapproachtoteaching.Theirdesiretohelpkidswassostrongthattheyneverallowedthestudentstogetthewronganswerortakea___23___.Wewerebuilding___24___thatweek.Mystudentswereworkingingroupsoffour.Eachgroupwas___25___asmallVikingmodelrocket,instructions,andthematerialswithwhichtoputit___26___.Thechallengeforeachteamwastopreciselymeasure,___27___,andassembletheirproject.Onegroupwastryinghardbutmakingmistakesintheplacementofmissilesections.Severaloftheteachers___28___goingovertothekidstoshowthemhowtobuildtherocket___29___.OnanumberofoccasionsIhadtopolitelybutfirmlyaskthemtoleavethekidsalone.It’simportanttorememberthatwe____30____individuallydefinethewordfailure.Inmyclass,arocketthatdoesn’tflyisnotafailure.Failure____31____onlywhenstudentsstoptryingtosolveaproblem.Itmayhesolvedinfiveminutes,oritmaytaketwomonths,aswasthecasewheremystudentsbuiltanenormousrollercoasterandcouldnotcreatealoopwithenoughcentripetalforcetoallowthecarstomovealongthetracksafely.____32____thosetwomonthsoffailedtrialsweresomeofthemostfascinatingandexcitingtimesthekidshadinsciencethatyear.Andwhentherollercoasterfinally____33____,thekidscouldsaytheydiditthemselves.They____34____thephysicsoftherollercoaster.IdidthebestteachingduringthosetwomonthswhenIdecidedto____35____andleavethekidsalone.21.A.curious B.cute C.caring D.encouraging22.A.role B.reason C.goal D.mistake23.A.fall B.break C.guess D.tour24.A.cars B.rollercoasters C.rockets D.tracks25.A.showed B.given C.called D.awarded26.A.together B.down C.back D.aside27.A.present B.plan C.buy D.read28.A.avoided B.forbade C.suggested D.kept29.A.quickly B.firmly C.correctly D.politely30.A.students B.parents C.friends D.teachers31.A.continues B.happens C.stops D.matters32.A.Thus B.Now C.Then D.But33.A.broke B.appeared C.worked D.opened34.A.taught B.understood C.created D.changed35.A.shutup B.comeup C.getup D.keepup【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.C25.B26.A27.B28.D29.C30.D31.B32.D33.C34.B35.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇夾敘夾議文。短文敘述了幾年前，一群來自另一所學(xué)校的年輕教師來到作者的課堂上，他們精力充沛，聰明，有愛心。他們幫助孩子的愿望是如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于他們從不允許學(xué)生得到錯(cuò)誤的答案或落后，在組裝火箭模型時(shí)，他們一直在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生如何正確組裝。但作者認(rèn)為他們犯了一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的教學(xué)錯(cuò)誤，作者認(rèn)為學(xué)生應(yīng)該獨(dú)立完成任務(wù)，在錯(cuò)誤中不斷改進(jìn)和提高。老師應(yīng)該少參與學(xué)生的任務(wù)之中?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他們精力充沛，聰明，有愛心。A.curious好奇的；B.cute可愛的；C.caring關(guān)心他人的；D.encouraging令人鼓舞的。根據(jù)上文“youngteachers”以及“energetic,bright”根據(jù)下文“Theirdesiretohelpkidswassostrong”可知，他們有愛心。故選C項(xiàng)。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，我注意到他們教學(xué)方法中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵錯(cuò)誤。A.role角色；B.reason原因；C.goal目標(biāo)；D.mistake錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)下文“Theirdesiretohelpkidswassostrongthattheyneverallowedthestudentstogetthewronganswerortakea___3___.”可知，作者注意到他們教學(xué)方法中的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵錯(cuò)誤——不讓學(xué)生犯錯(cuò)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們幫助孩子的愿望是如此強(qiáng)烈，以至于他們從不允許學(xué)生得到錯(cuò)誤的答案或落后。A.fall掉落；B.break打破；C.guess猜；D.tour旅游。根據(jù)上文“theyneverallowedthestudentstogetthewronganswer”可知，他們從不允許學(xué)生得到錯(cuò)誤的答案或落后。故選A項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：那一周我們在造火箭。A.cars汽車；B.rollercoasters過山車；C.rockets火箭；D.tracks軌道。根據(jù)下文“Vikingmodelrocket”可知，那一周學(xué)生們在造火箭。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)小組都拿到了一個(gè)小型維京火箭模型、說明書以及組裝火箭所需的材料。A.showed展示；B.given給與；C.called打電話；D.awarded授予。根據(jù)下文“asmallVikingmodelrocket,instructions,andthematerialswithwhichtoputit___6___”可知，每個(gè)小組都拿到（或被給予）了一個(gè)小型維京火箭模型、說明書以及組裝火箭所需的材料來組裝火箭。故選B項(xiàng)。【26題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)小組都拿到了一個(gè)小型維京火箭模型、說明書以及組裝火箭所需的材料。A.together一起；B.down在下面；C.back回來；D.aside在旁邊。根據(jù)下文“assembletheirproject”以及“howtobuildtherocket”可知，學(xué)生的目的是組裝火箭。故選A項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是精確地測量、計(jì)劃和組裝他們的項(xiàng)目。A.present呈現(xiàn)；B.plan計(jì)劃；C.buy買；D.read讀。根據(jù)上文“preciselymeasure”以及“assembletheirproject”可知，對于組裝火箭，每個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是精確地測量、計(jì)劃和組裝他們的項(xiàng)目。故選B項(xiàng)。【28題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：有幾個(gè)老師一直在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，告訴他們?nèi)绾握_地制作火箭。A.avoided避免；B.forbade禁止；C.suggested建議；D.kept保持。根據(jù)下文“OnanumberofoccasionsIhadtopolitelybutfirmlyaskthemtoleavethekidsalone.”可知，作者不得不要求老師不要打擾孩子們，說明有幾個(gè)老師一直在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，keepdoingsth.(一直做某事)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：有幾個(gè)老師一直在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，告訴他們?nèi)绾握_地制作火箭。A.quickly快速地；B.firmly堅(jiān)固地；C.correctly正確地；D.politely禮貌地。根據(jù)上文“Severaloftheteachers___8___goingovertothekidstoshowthem”可知，有幾個(gè)老師一直在指導(dǎo)學(xué)生，應(yīng)該是告訴學(xué)生如何正確地制作火箭。故選C項(xiàng)。【30題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：重要的是要記住，我們教師都是單獨(dú)定義失敗這個(gè)詞的。A.students學(xué)生；B.parents父母；C.friends朋友；D.teachers教師。根據(jù)上文“Afewyearsbackagroupofyoungteachersfromanotherschoolwasspendingadayinmyclass.”可知，我們教師都是單獨(dú)定義失敗這個(gè)詞的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：只有當(dāng)學(xué)生停止嘗試解決問題時(shí)，失敗才會發(fā)生。A.continues繼續(xù)；B.happens發(fā)生；C.stops阻止；D.matters要緊。根據(jù)上文“Inmyclass,arocketthatdoesn’tflyisnotafailure.”和下文“whenstudentsstoptryingtosolveaproblem”可知，于作者而言，火箭不飛不是失敗，只有當(dāng)學(xué)生停止嘗試解決問題時(shí)，失敗才會發(fā)生。故選B項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查連詞和副詞詞義辨析。句意：但那兩個(gè)月失敗的試驗(yàn)是那一年孩子們在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最激動人心的時(shí)刻。A.Thus因此；B.Now現(xiàn)在；C.Then然后；D.But但是。根據(jù)上文“aswasthecasewheremystudentsbuiltanenormousrollercoasterandcouldnotcreatealoopwithenoughcentripetalforcetoallowthecarstomovealongthetracksafely”（就像我的學(xué)生們建造了一個(gè)巨大的過山車，卻無法形成一個(gè)具有足夠向心力的環(huán)，使汽車能夠安全地沿著軌道行駛一樣）可知，上文假設(shè)暗喻學(xué)生組裝火箭失敗，與下文的“失敗反而是那一年孩子們在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域最激動人心的時(shí)刻”，前后為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)過山車最終成功運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)，孩子們可以說他們自己獨(dú)立完成了任務(wù)。A.broke打破；B.appeared出現(xiàn)；C.worked（機(jī)器或設(shè)備）運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；D.opened打開。根據(jù)下文“thekidscouldsaytheydiditthemselves”可知，最終過山車成功運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)了。故選C項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他們了解過山車的物理原理。A.taught教；B.understood明白；C.created創(chuàng)造；D.changed改變。根據(jù)上文“Andwhentherollercoasterfinally___13___,thekidscouldsaytheydiditthemselves.”可知，孩子們他們自己獨(dú)立完成了造過山車的任務(wù)，說明他們了解過山車的物理原理。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：在那兩個(gè)月里，我做了最好的教學(xué)，我決定閉嘴，讓孩子們獨(dú)自完成。A.shutup閉嘴；B.comeup被提出；C.getup起床；D.keepup保持。根據(jù)下文“l(fā)eavethekidsalone”可知，作者讓孩子們獨(dú)自完成，所以作者決定閉嘴（不去指導(dǎo)學(xué)生）。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。ThehistoricaldramaSerenadeofPeacefulJoyhasbeenatrendingtopicsinceit____36____releasedonApril7.Ithasattractedalmost7.5billionviewsandover190,000commentsonSinaWeibo