-1-課時提能練(三十)Unit5Thepowerofnature課時作業(yè)A：基礎(chǔ)層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空AJanethasa1.diversity(diverse)ofinterests.Sheespeciallylikesrockclimbing.Unfortunately,shefelloffoneday,becoming2.unconscious(conscious).Shewasimmediatelysenttoahospitalwithgooddoctorsandadvancedmedical3.equipment(equip).Afteracareful4.evaluation(evaluate),theyworkedoutatreatmentplan.Janetcametoherselfafter3days.Hermother's5.anxiety(anxious)wasremovedandsheshowedher6.appreciation(appreciate)fromthebottomofherhearttothedoctorsfortheircareandpatience.BTalentsvary7.frompersontoperson.Tomhasagift8.forlanguages.Forexample,hepicked9.upmuchJapaneseduringhisthree-monthvisittoJapan.BythetimehewavedgoodbyetohisJapanesefriends,hewasabletospeakJapanesefluently.Hiswife,anxious10.abouthissafety,phonedhimfrequentlywhenhewasoverseas,warninghimnevertomake11.his(he)waytoanythingrisky.CThis12.being(be)myfirstvisittoanAfricancountry,Iamscaredandfeelprettyanxious.It13.issaid(say)thatmostblacksareaggressiveanduneducated.Not14.havingmet(meet)anyblackpeoplebefore,IwonderifIcanfitinwiththeircustomsandtradition.15.Howeverchallenginglifeisoverthere,Imustfindwaysmyselftoadapttoitassoonaspossible.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯依據(jù)P39課文內(nèi)容，對下面材料進(jìn)行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。ChangbaishanisatJilinProvince.Itiskeptinitsnaturalstateforvisitorstoenjoyit.Theheightofthelandvaries700metresabovesealeveltoover2,000metres.Itishomeformanyplantsandanimals.Manypeoplecomeheretostudytheuniqueplantsandanimalwhenotherscometoseethespectacularwaterfalls.But,themostpopularattractioninthereserveareTianchi,ortheLakeofHeaven.Ifyouareluckenoughtovisititwithyourlovedone,don'tforgettomakeawishtoguaranteeyourlovewillbeasdeeplyandlastingasthelakeitself.[答案]Changbaishaniseq\f(at,in)JilinProvince.Itiskeptinitsnaturalstateforvisitorstoenjoy.Theheightofthelandvarieseq\s\up(∧,from)700metresabovesealeveltoover2,000metres.Itishomeeq\f(for,to)manyplantsandanimals.Manypeoplecomeheretostudytheuniqueplantsandeq\f(animal,animals)eq\f(when,while)otherscometoseethespectacularwaterfalls.eq\f(But,However)，themostpopularattractioninthereserveeq\f(are,is)Tianchi,ortheLakeofHeaven.Ifyouareeq\f(luck,lucky)enoughtovisititwithyourlovedone,don'tforgettomakeawishtoguaranteeyourlovewillbeaseq\f(deeply,deep)andlastingasthelakeitself.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補(bǔ)全句子1．工作了兩天，史蒂夫如期完成了報告。(現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語)Havingworkedfortwodays,Stevemanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.2．我們學(xué)校有三個大的多媒體教室，每一間都配備了最新的電腦。(獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu))Wehavethreelargemulti-mediaclassroomsinourschool,eachequippedwiththenewestcomputers．3．他剛要告知我這個隱私，這時有人拍了拍他的肩膀。(beabouttodo...when...)Hewasjustabouttotellmethesecretwhensomeonepattedhimontheshoulder.4．這是因為我們最終相識到它事實上是一種特別環(huán)保的生活方式。(because引導(dǎo)的表語從句)Thisisbecausewefinallyrealizedthatitisactuallyaveryeco-friendlywaytolive.5．據(jù)報道當(dāng)今世界上有三千多種語言。(it作形式主語的主語從句)Itisreportedthattherearemorethan3，000languagesintheworldtoday.課時作業(yè)B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·廣東省六校聯(lián)盟第三次聯(lián)考)NEWYORK—AmassivewinterstormparalyzedmuchoftheUSEastCoastonThursdayandFriday,dumpingasmuchas46centimetersofsnowfromtheCarolinastoMaine.ItalsocausedfloodingonthestreetsofBostonduetoswellingstormtides,forcedthecancellationofnearly5，000flightsandclosedbusinesses,officesandschools.Somemeteorologists(氣象學(xué)家)classifiedthestormasa“bombcyclone”foritssharpdropinatmosphericpressurewouldbefollowedimmediatelybyablastofcoldairthatcouldbreakrecordsinmorethantwodozencitiesandbringwindchillsaslowas－40℃duringtheweekend.FromBaltimore,Maryland,toCaribouinMaine,effortswereunderwaytoclearroadwaysoficeandsnowaswindchilltemperaturesweretoplungeduringtheday,reaching－40℃insomepartsaftersundown,accordingtotheNationalWeatherService.UtilitycompaniesacrosstheEastworkedtorepairdownedpowerlinesearlyonFridayasabout21，000customersremainedwithoutelectricity,downfromalmost80，000thedaybefore,andissuedwarningsthattemperaturesmaybecomedangerouslylow.“Ifthetemperatureinyourhomebeginstofall,werecommendtakingshelterelsewhereuntilservicecanberestored.Youcanfindwarmingcentersbycontactinglocalauthorities，”NationalGridpowercompany,whichservesMassachusetts,saidonTwitter.Airlinescanceled4，000flightsonThursdayandhundredsmoreonFriday,accordingtoFlightAware,anonlinetrackingservice.MayorBilldeBlasiosaiditcouldfeellike-30℃onFridayandSaturdaynightswiththewindchill.“Thisisaserious,seriousstorm,andmaybethemostseverein2024，”hesaidatanewsconference.NewYorkGovernorAndrewCuomodeclaredastateofemergencyforthesouthernpartofthestate,whileNewJerseyGovernorChrisChristiedeclaredastateofemergencyforseveralcounties.【語篇解讀】本文屬于新聞報道。大規(guī)模的暴風(fēng)雨于周四和周五攻擊了美國東海岸，給當(dāng)?shù)氐纳a(chǎn)和生活造成了嚴(yán)峻影響。1．WhichofthefollowingisNOTtheconsequenceofthemassivewinterstorm?A．BreakdownoftheUScoast.B．FloodinginBoston.C．Cancellationofnearly5，000flights.D．Closureinbusiness,offices,andschools.A[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段其次句“ItalsocausedfloodingonthestreetsofBostonduetoswellingstormtides,forcedthecancellationofnearly5，000flightsandclosedbusinesses,officesandschools.”可知，受暴風(fēng)雪的影響，波士頓暴發(fā)了洪水，近5000架次的航班被迫取消，企業(yè)、辦公樓和學(xué)校也被迫關(guān)閉。只有A項沒有提到，故選A。]2．Whydidsomemeteorologistsclassifythiswinterstormas“bombcyclone”？A．Becauseitwillcausechangeableatmosphericpressure.B．Becausethescaleofthisstormcouldbreakrecordsinlotsofcities.C．Becauseofthedeadlyanddestructiveeffectsofthisstorm.D．Becauseoftheextremelycoldairandthewindchillsinthisstorm.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段可知，一些氣象專家將此類風(fēng)暴歸為“炸彈氣旋”的緣由是氣壓的急劇下降，而隨后還會有一股冷空氣到來，打破了20多座城市的記錄，導(dǎo)致周末時氣溫低至－40℃。故選D。]3．Whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheunderlinedword“plunge”inPara.3?A．Declinesteadily.B．Dropdramatically.C．Fluctuateviolently.D．Fallmoderately.B[詞義揣測題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“...windchilltemperaturesweretoplungeduringtheday,reaching－40℃insomepartsaftersundown...”可知，一些地區(qū)的風(fēng)寒溫度在日落后會降到－40℃。據(jù)此可知，畫線詞的含義為“突然下降”，故選B。]4．Abouttherescuework,whichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?A．Peopleweremakinggreateffortstoridroadwaysoficeandsnow.B．About101thousandpeoplewereleftwithoutelectricityonThursday.C．Residentscanstayinwarmingcentersuntilheatingserviceisrestored.D．Aviationservicehasn'tbeenbroughtbacktonormalyetuntilFriday.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段可知，人們正在加緊清理路面上的冰雪，故解除A項；依據(jù)第五段前兩句可知，在供暖服務(wù)復(fù)原之前，居民可以住在供暖中心，故解除C項；依據(jù)第六段可知，航班服務(wù)仍舊沒有復(fù)原正常，故解除D項。依據(jù)第四段內(nèi)容可知，周五早些時候，電力公司都在努力修復(fù)被擊落的電線，當(dāng)時大約有21000家沒有電，比前一天的差不多80000削減了，故可知周四沒有電的不是101000家。故選B。]B(2024·石家莊市畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測)Mostdogownersareconvincedthattheirfour-leggedfriendsknowexactlywhattheymeanwhentheyusecertainwordslike“sit”，“stay”or“treat”.However,researchershavealwayswonderedwhetherdogsreallyunderstandhumanspeechoriftheyrelyonotherinformationtogetthemeaning.Forexample,doestheword“fetch”formapictureofastickorballinthedog'smind,ordoesthedogbringbacktheobjectbasedontheowner'svoiceorgesture?AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat“man'sbestfriend”doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying.Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvariouskindstotraintheirpetstoidentifytwotoysofdifferentmaterials,suchasatoyanimalandaball.Oncethedogshadmasteredthetask,theytookturnsinsideaspecialscanner.Theownersthentestedtheirdog'slanguageskillbyfirstcallingoutthenamesofthetoystheyhadbeentrainedtorecognizeandthensayingmeaninglesswordssuchas“bobbu”and“bodmick”whileholdinguprandomobjectsthedogshadn'tseenbefore.Thescanssuggestedthatthepartsofthedogs'brainsresponsibleforprocessingsoundsshoweddifferentbrainpatternswhentheyheardwordstheywerefamiliarwith,comparedwiththeonestheyhadneverheardbefore.Whilethatwasnotenoughtoprovethatthedogswerepicturingtheirtoyswhentheyheardtheword,itdidindicatesomesortofrecognition.Theresearchersbelievethisisanimportantstepinunderstandinghowdogsprocesslanguage.Somethingevenmoreinterestingwasthatthedog'sbrainsshowedahigherlevelofneural(神經(jīng)的)activityatthesoundofunknownwords.Thisistheexactoppositeofwhathappensinhumanbrains,whichgetmoreactiveatthesoundoffamiliarwords.Theresearcherssaythedogsmaybecomecheerfulatthesoundofnewwordstotrytounderstandtheminthehopeofdelightingtheirmasters.“Dogswanttopleasetheirowners,andperhapsalsowanttoreceivepraiseorfood，”saysEmoryneuroscientistGregoryBerns,seniorauthorofthestudy.However,thoughyourpetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusingvisualsignalsandsmellfortraining.“Whenpeoplewanttoteachtheirdogatrick,theyoftenusespokencommandsbecausethat'swhatwehumansprefer，”Prichardsays.“Fromthedog'sview,however,avisualcommandmightbemoreeffective,helpingthedoglearnthetrickfaster.”【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。一項新的探討表明，狗的確能理解主子說的話。5．What'sthepurposeofthenewstudy?A．Toconvincedogownerstounderstandtheirdogs.B．Toadvisedogownerstotreattheirdogskindly.C．Toprovedogsfollowowners'orderbylistening.D．Totestouthowdogsgetinformationfromowners.D[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段尾句“AnewstudybyscientistsatAtlanta'sEmoryUniversityseemstoindicatethat‘man'sbestfriend’doesindeedknowwhattheownerissaying”可知，亞特蘭大的埃默里高校的科學(xué)家進(jìn)行的一項新探討好像表明，“人類最好的摯友”的確知道主子在說什么，并結(jié)合全文可知，該探討的目的是測試狗是如何理解主子的話的，故D項正確。]6．WhatdoestheauthorintendtodoinParagraph2?A．Informtheresultoftheresearch.B．Statetheprocessoftheresearch.C．Stresstheimportanceoftheresearch.D．Introducethesubjectsoftheresearch.B[寫作意圖題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“Theresearchersbeganbyaskingtheownersoftwelvedogsofvariouskindstotraintheirpetstoidentifytwotoysofdifferentmaterials,suchasatoyanimalandaball”并結(jié)合該段內(nèi)容可知，該段主要介紹了進(jìn)行探討的過程，包括讓不同品種的狗識別不同材料的玩具等，據(jù)此可知，該段旨在介紹探討過程，故B項正確。]7．Howdohumanbrainsanddogbrainsreacttowords?A．Humanbrainsbecomeactiveinunfamiliarwords.B．Dogbrainsbecomedelightedatunfamiliarwords.C．Humanbrainsarenotsensitivetofamiliarwords.D．Dogbrainsshownoresponsetofamiliarwords.B[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段前兩句“Somethingevenmoreinteresting...Thisistheexactoppositeofwhathappensinhumanbrains,whichgetmoreactiveatthesoundoffamiliarwords”可知，對于不熟識的單詞，狗的大腦呈現(xiàn)出高水平的神經(jīng)活動，而人類的大腦相反，故B項正確。]8．Whatdoscientistsadvisetheownerstodoindogtraining?A．Givedogsoralcommands.B．Teachdogsnewtricks.C．Involvesightandsmell.D．Encouragefasterlearning.C[細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)尾段第一句“However,thoughyourpetmayunderstandhumanspeech,thescientistsrecommendusingvisualsignalsandsmellfortraining”可知，盡管狗可能理解人類的語言，但科學(xué)家們建議運用視覺信號和嗅覺來訓(xùn)練它們，故C項正確。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·長沙市統(tǒng)一模擬)Itisnotassimpleasopeningthedoorandhittingthetrackinwinter.Thereareafewthingsyoucandotoensureyouaregettingthemostoutofyourrunand,importantly,notdoingmoreharmthangood.Warmup,cooldown1.Yourmusclesneedsometimetowarmupwhenit'scold,sotakeiteasywhenyousetoffanddoafewstretchesonceyou'refinished.DrinkwaterYoumightnotfeelhot,butthat'sbecausesweatevaporates(蒸發(fā))morequicklyintothechilly,dryair.Sobesuretodrinkwaterbefore,duringandaftercold-weatherworkouts.2.Abeltbottleconvenientlyattachestoyourwaistsoyoudon'thavetocarryitandcanhaveadrinkwheneveryoufeellikeit.3Runningincottonisabadidea.Wearthin,breathablelayersofsynthetic(合成的)clothingthathelpprotectyoufromthewindandsnow,butstillletoutheatandmoisture.Thirtypercentofyourbodyheatescapesthroughyourhandsandfortypercentthroughyourhead.Wearahat,orbeanie(無檐小便帽),andglovessoyourcirculatorysystemcandistributewarmbloodtotherestofyourbody.4．Runintothewind5.Obviously,itwillbeaneasierpassagehomewithsomeextrahelpfromMotherNature.But,moreimportantly,youwon'thavethewindinyourfaceforthesecondhalfofyourrun,whenyouaremorelikelytobesweatingandcatchachill.A．DressrightB．KeepwarmC．Don'tgotoofast,toosoonD．StartandfinishinthesamewayE．Don'twaittodrinkwateruntilyoufeelthirstyF．HeadoutintothewindandcomehomewithitatyourbackG．Onreallycolddays,wearamaskorscarfoveryourmouthtoprotectyourface【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了冬季室外跑步的一些留意事項，包括做好熱身運動、留意飲水以及穿合適的衣物等。1．C[依據(jù)該段小標(biāo)題Warmup,cooldown以及空后的“Yourmusclesneedsometimetowarmup”可知，C項符合語境。]2．E[依據(jù)段落小標(biāo)題Drinkwater并結(jié)合空前一句“Sobesuretodrinkwaterbefore,duringandaftercold-weatherworkouts”可知，E項“不要等到你感到口渴的時候才喝水”符合語境，連接上文。]3．A[依據(jù)空處所在位置以及文章結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為段落小標(biāo)題；通讀該段可知，本段主要是講跑步時的穿著，故選A項。]4．G[空處所在段講的是冬季室外跑步的著裝要求，故G項與此處匹配。]5．F[依據(jù)本段的小標(biāo)題Runintothewind并結(jié)合空后一句可知，跑步回家時順著風(fēng)，讓風(fēng)在你背后推著你走，故F項符合語境。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·陜西省部分學(xué)校摸底檢測)Manyofmyfriendslikefallandtakeitastheirfavoriteseason.Lastweekend,Iwentoutdoorsandsoon1.(find)adeeperappreciationforthisseason.Thechangeofleafcolorsisacommonreasongiven2.theloveoffall.Eachtreereacts3.(different)tothechangeoftheseason.Someshedtheirleavesinhopesofreproducing;however,other4.(tree)remaingreenforaslongaspossibletogainadditionalenergyfromthesuntosurvivethewinter.Thiseffect5.(call)theflight-or-fightresponse.Fallisatimeof6.(reflect)andpreparationfortheyearahead.Ihavefoundameaningoffallforme.I'm7.18-year-oldboyinthefinalyearofhighschoolandmylifeisaworkinprogress.TherearetimesIwanttogiveup,butthenIlookaroundmeandrealizelifekeeps8.(move).Thenaturalcycleoflifeisbeautifulanddoesn'tstopgrowingsoIhavetolearntokeepup.Themeaningoffallisdifferentforeachperson.Iencourageyou9.(go)outtofollowsomepathor