-9-課時提能練(四)Unit4Earthquakes課時作業(yè)A：基礎層面Ⅰ.語境語法填空ADuetothe1.destruction(destroy)oftheirnaturalhabitat,wildanimalsinthisareaarebeingendangered.Toavoidanyserious2.injury(injure)towildlife,anaturereservewasbuiltlastmonth.Ourlocalgovernmentreceivedmanylettersof3.congratulation(congratulate)fromallwalksoflife.Manypeopledonatedmoneyasan4.expression(express)ofappreciationandsupport.Accordingtoa5.judgment(judge)madebysomeexperts,thisreservewouldhavean6.extremely(extremely)positiveeffectonthelocaleco-system.BThelandslideleftthewholevillage7.inruins,whichwasagreatshocktous.Severalpeoplediedand8.anumberofthemweretrappedincollapsedhouses.Allfoodsupplieswere9.atanend.Thisdisastercouldhavebeenavoided,butthevillagersthoughtlittle10.oftherisk.Now,ledbythegovernment,thevillagersarecarryingoutself-helprecovery,digging11.outtheirbelongingsburiedinthemudandgettingbackthelostanimals.Thevillageisreturningtonormal.CSomestudents,mostofwhomaregirls,becometoostressed12.tosleep(sleep)wellthenightbeforeanimportantexam.However,13.allteachersarenotskilledathelpingthemstaycalmandrelaxed.Someteachersevencompletelyignorethisfactasifitnever14.existed(exist).Experiencedteacherswillsaysomethinglike“Youcandoit!You'rethebest.”Everywheretheyencounteranervousstudent，theseencouragingwordsdohelpbuilduphis/herconfidence.Ⅱ.語境短文改錯依據(jù)P30課文內容，對下面材料進行修改。文中共有10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯誤僅涉及一個單詞的增加、刪除或修改。Dearstudent，Congratulations!WearepleasedtotellingyouthatyouhavewinthehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbythegroupoffivejudges,allofwhoagreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeproudyou!Ourofficewouldliketohaveyouspeakinginthenewpark,whichwillhonorthosethatwerediedintheterribledisaster.Whatyouknow,thisisthedaywhenthequakehappenedthirtyyearsbefore.Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthatspeciallyday.[答案]Dearstudent，Congratulations!Wearepleasedtoeq\f(telling,tell)youthatyouhaveeq\f(win,won)thehighschoolspeakingcompetitionaboutnewTangshan.Yourspeechwasheardbyeq\f(the,a)groupoffivejudges,allofeq\f(who,whom)agreedthatitwasthebestonethisyear.Yourparentsandyourschoolshouldbeproudeq\o(\s\up12(∧),of)you!Ourofficewouldliketohaveyoueq\f(speaking,speak)inthenewpark,whichwillhonorthosethatdiedintheterribledisaster.eq\f(What,As)youknow,thisisthedaywhenthequakehappenedthirtyyearseq\f(before,ago).Weinviteyoutobringyourfamilyandfriendsonthateq\f(specially,special)day.Ⅲ.依據(jù)提示補全句子1．我正在街上走著，突然聽到有人叫我的名字。(bedoing...when)IwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenIheardmynamecalled.2．我同意你所說的大部分內容，但是我并不同意全部內容。(部分否定)Iagreewithmostofwhatyousaid,butIdon'tagreewitheverything．3．噪音好像是從樓下傳過來的。(asif)Itseemsasifthenoisecomesfromdownstairs.4．正如報告所顯示的，在過去的兩個月里，這個城市的空氣質量已有所改善。(as)Theairqualityinthecity,asisshowninthereport,hasimprovedoverthepasttwomonths.5．他的房子著火了，因為他讓廚房爐灶燃燒著就出去了。(leave復合結構)Hishousecaughtfire,becausehewentoutbutleftthestoveburninginthekitchen.課時作業(yè)B：實力層面Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2024·新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)適應性檢測)Super-stormSandyslammedintotheeasternUnitedStatesthreeyearsago.Thewind-drivenwatercausedalotofflooding,especiallyintheregion'ssubwaysystem.Nowtwoteenshaveinventedadevicethatcouldhelppreventfuturesubwayfloods.InNewYorkCityalone,Super-stormSandycausedanestimated$19billionindamage.Muchoftheflood-watersenteredthesubwaysystemthroughitsventilationgrates(通風柵).Thosemetalgrillsusuallylieatgroundlevel.Whenthesystemisshutdownaheadofaflood,engineerstrytocoverthosegrateswithplywood(膠合板)andsandbags.Butthefloodingoftenwashesawaythosemeasures,whichallowswatertoflowintothetunnels.Raisingthosegratesevenatinybitabovegroundlevelwouldcostalotofmoney.Otherideashaveincludedbuildingtallchimneysaroundtheholes.Thatwouldraisethegratesandcostalotofmoney,too.KyleandRaymondcameupwithadifferent,lessexpensiveidea.Theydesignedametalgratewithabuilt-in,adjustablecover.Whentrainsarerunning,onepartofthegrateslidesopentobringinfreshair.Butwhenthesystemisshutdown,thatpartcanbeslidshuttocompletelyblockthegrate.Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement.Theirdesignincludestamper-prooffeatures,whichcanpreventoperationmistakes.Theymakesurethatpeopledon'tintentionallyshutoffairflowduringnormalconditions.Forpeoplewiththeproperkey,itwouldonlytakeaminuteortwotoclosethegrateaheadofaflood.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要講解并描述三年前超級風暴Sandy猛烈攻擊美國東部，造成了洪水災難，當?shù)氐牡罔F被洪水沉沒。為防止地鐵再次被洪水沉沒，兩位少年獨創(chuàng)了一種裝置。1．What'sthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thestepstooperategrates.B．Themeasurestopreventflood.C．Thefunctionofplywoodandsandbags.D．Thedisadvantageofpresentsubwaysystem.D[段落大意題。依據(jù)其次段第一句可知，據(jù)估計超級風暴Sandy僅在紐約市就造成了價值190億美元的損失。文章接下來分析了超級風暴造成的洪水沉沒地鐵的緣由：目前的地鐵系統(tǒng)存在很大的弊端。故本題選D。]2．Whichofthefollowingwordsbestdescribesthetwoteens'newinvention?A．Costly. B．Time-saving.C．Practical. D．Conventional.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一、其次句“Theirgrateisthesamesizeasthegratesusednow.So,itwouldbesimple,theysay,toliftouttheoldgrateanddropinareplacement”他們運用的柵欄和現(xiàn)在運用的柵欄大小一樣，所以很簡單就可以把舊的柵欄取出來，放入一個替換柵欄；再結合最終一段最終兩句可知，新的裝置操作起來也很便利。故選C。]3．What'sthepurposeofdesigningthetamper-prooffeature?A．Toreplacetheoldgratecorrectly.B．Toclosethegrateaheadofaflood.C．Toensureairflowinnormalconditions.D．Tostopthetrainspeedingupunexpectedly.C[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段第三、第四句可知，設計干預防護的特點可以阻擋操作失誤，有了干預防護，他們確保人們不會有意地在正常狀況下關掉空氣流通的功能，故本題選C。]4．Wheredoesthetextmostprobablycomefrom?A．Anewsreport.B．Anadventurousstory.C．Anintroductiontonewequipment.D．Aguidebooktomakinggrates.A[文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要講解并描述了兩位少年獨創(chuàng)了一種成本較低、好用的地鐵防洪裝置以及該裝置的特點和優(yōu)勢，應當屬于新聞報道類文章，故選A。]B(2024·遼寧省五校協(xié)作體聯(lián)合模擬)IttookmultipleweddingsforChristineLawtorealizewhatsheneededtodo.Inthesummerof2014,herschedulewaspackedwithfriends'marriagecelebrations—flower-filledoccasionsthatgotherthinking,“Wheredoalltheflowersgoaftertheparty？”Moreoftenthannot,theywerethrownaway.Lawwasconfidentshecouldfindabetteruseforthem.ByAugust,shehadaplan：convincecouplesandcompanieshostingeventstodonatetheirflowers,whichshewouldpickupanddeliverwithin48hourstoseniorsacrossthecity.Shewantedtobringbeautyintothelivesoftheelderly.Shedrewonherexperiencethroughbeingavolunteerinnon-profitinstitutionsinordertosetupherownorganization,whichshecalledFloranthropie.Nothavingenoughbouquets(花束)forall150peopleofahealthcenter,Lawaskedthestafftoprovidealistofpatientswhoneededcheeringupmost,“ThefirstwomanIapproachedthoughtitwasamistake,andthattheflowerscouldn'tpossiblybeforher，”saysLaw.“Isaidtheywereagift,andwetalkedforahalfhour.”Inadditiontohealthcenters,Floranthropiefocusesoncommunitygroupsdevotedtotheelderly.La?titiaThélèmeisavolunteerforLesPetitsFières,anorganizationthataimstohelptheelderlywhodon'thaveasupportsystem.ThegroupreceivesadozenorsobouquetsfromFloranthropiemonthly,andthenredistributesthem.“Ourmottois‘flowersbeforebread’，”saysThélème.“Wedon'tfocusonprimarycare,butratheronnourishing(滋養(yǎng))thespirit.Floranthropiehelpsusdothat.It'samazingwhatabigdifferenceasmallbouquetcanmake.”Inthebeginning,mostofFloranthropie'sdonationscamethroughwordofmouth.Thesedays,Lawreceivesmessagesfromstrangersviaherorganization'sFacebookpageandhasconnectedwithcorporationsandflowerwholesalers.LawhopestoexpandFloranthropienationally,butatthispointishappytobeabletooverseeeachdeliverypersonally.【語篇解讀】該文講解并描述了ChristineLaw把婚禮上用過的花送給老人們，為他們的生活增加美的享受，她的做法得到了很多人的支持。5．WhatmadeChristineLawsetupFloranthropie?A．Thewasteofflowers.B．Thelonelinessofseniors.C．Thepersuasionofotherfriends.D．Thewarmatmosphereofweddings.A[細微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中的“‘Wheredoalltheflowersgoaftertheparty？’Moreoftenthannot,theywerethrownaway.Lawwasconfidentshecouldfindabetteruseforthem”可知，婚禮上運用過的花束的奢侈使ChristineLaw成立了Floranthropie這個機構。故選A。]6．Whatwasthewoman'sreactiontoChristineLaw'sflowers?A．Shewasmoved.B．Shewasexcited.C．Shewasworried.D．Shewassurprised.D[推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段中的“ThefirstwomanIapproachedthoughtitwasamistake,andthattheflowerscouldn'tpossiblybeforher”可推知，當ChristineLaw給第一位女士送花時，她感到難以置信、相當驚異。故選D。]7．WhatcanweinferaboutFloranthropiefromLa?titiaThélème'swords?A．Itshouldfocusonprimarycare.B．Itisbenefitingmorethantheelderly.C．Itisdoingsomethingofgreatimportance.D．Itshouldcooperatewithmorenon-profitinstitutions.C[推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段中的“Floranthropiehelpsusdothat.It'samazingwhatabigdifferenceasmallbouquetcanmake”可推知，La?titiaThélème認為Floranthropie做的事產生了很大影響，故C項符合文意。]8．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．VolunteerYourTimeB．Don'tThrowFlowersAwayC．SpecialDeliveryMakesYourDayD．BrightenSeniors'LivesWithFlowersD[標題推斷題。本文主要講解并描述了ChristineLaw為了不奢侈婚禮上用過的花，把花送給老人們，給他們的生活帶來了美。故D項適合作文章標題。]Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2024·重慶市質量調研抽測)WaystoGetYourKidsintoNatureBeinginnatureforkidshastremendoushealthbenefits.Therearemanywaysyoucanincorporatenatureintoyourchildren'slives,evenifyouliveinthecity.Inspirecuriositybybeingcuriousyourself.Aparent'sexcitementcanbespreadtothechildren,andwhenyoushowrespectfornature,yourchildrenfollowsuit.1.“Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.”isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling.Beopentoamutualadventureandallowyourcuriousinnerchildtocomeoutwhileyouexplorenaturewithyourchildren.2.Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼車)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow.Theearlymorningfallskiesarebeautifulwithcolorandmigratingbirds.Afterall,evenviewsofnaturefromthecarwindowarecalmingandbeneficial.Stopthinkingaboutnaturetimeasleisuretime.Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell-being.Ifyouviewnaturetimeasessentialtogoodhealth,youwillbemorelikelytoengageinit.3，nurturingcreativityandwonderispartofyourresponsibilityasparents.Lookatthestars.Visityourlocalobservatory,andthendriveoutofthecitysomemorningoreveningforyourownstargazing(天體視察)withablanketandtelescope.Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse.4．Plantasmallgarden.5.Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth.A．LimitelectronicdeviceswhiledrivingB．Encouragequestionsyoudon'tknowtheanswerstoC．Ifyouwanttoraiseyourhealthy,well-balancedchildrenD．Ifyouhavethespace,helpyourchildrenplantafewvegetablesE．Itwillteachteamwork,prideinthecommunity,andfamilytogethernessF．Ifyourchildisinterested,encouragehimtogetinvolvedinthecommunityG．Allowyourselftothinkaboutit,andtalktoyourchildrenaboutthatwonder【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了讓孩子融入自然的一些方法。1．B[依據(jù)下文中的“‘Idon'tknow!Let'sfindouttogether.’isawonderfulwaytogettheballrolling”，并與上文中的“Inspirecuriosity”呼應可推知，此處表示激勵孩子一起探究你自己也不知道答案的問題，從而引起新奇心，故選B項。]2．A[依據(jù)空后一句“Ifyouhavetocarpool(拼車)inthemorning,turnoffthedevicesinsteadandencourageyourchildrentolookoutofthewindow”可推知，開車時關掉電子設備，多看看窗外也是一種與自然接觸的方式，故選A項。]3．C[承接上文“Timeinnatureisanessentialinvestmentinyourchildren'shealthandwell-being”和空后的“nurturingcreativity...asparents”可推知，假如想要培育出健康、明智的孩子，培育他們的創(chuàng)建性和新奇心也是作為父母的責任，故選C項。]4．G[依據(jù)上文“Observingthestarsoffersadeeperandwiderunderstandingoftheuniverse”可推知，和孩子一起視察星空能夠加深對自然界的理解，與G項呼應，故選G項。]5．D[承接上文“Plantasmallgarden”，并與下文“Beanandpeaplantsgrowquicklyandcanbeeatenwhenmature,soteachyourchildrenaboutfoodandthewonderofgrowth”呼應可推知，此處作者建議父母開拓一個小菜園，幫孩子種點蔬菜，一起見證它們生長的奇跡，故選D項。]Ⅲ.語法填空(2024·武漢調研)WorldSleepDayfallsonMarch16.Thisyear'sthemeconcernssleepandwomen.Morewomensufferfrominsomnia(失眠)thanmen,butonly4percentofthemgotoadoctortogethelp.ABeijingnewspaper1.(report)recently.Astudyby2.internationalorganizationinthepapersaidthatwomen3.(age)30to60sleepsixhoursand41minutesaday4.average.Youngpeoplehavealsobeenshowntosufferfromalackofsleep.StatisticsfromaChinesemedicalresearchcentreshowthatin5.(city)likeBeijingandShanghai,40percentofyoungpeoplesufferfrominsomnia,and80percentsufferfromgreattirednessduetopoorqualitysleep.Expertsblameheavy6.(press)andcompetitionatworkforpoor7.(sleep)habits.Thelong-termeffectscanbeunhappiness,anxietyanddepression,8.caninturnleadtochronicillnesses(慢性病),9.(especial)inwomen.Thereare,however,acoupleoftricksforgettingagoodsleep,suchasmaintaininganoptimisticattitude,keepingaregular,10.(day)routine,orfindingtimeforsports.Also,youcandevelophealthyhabits,suchaskeepingthebedroomcleanandavoidingtea,coffee,orwinebeforesleeping.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。今年世界睡眠日關注的是女性的睡眠問題。調查發(fā)覺，很多女性睡眠不足，年輕人也是如此。文章介紹了導致睡眠不足的緣由及其解決方法。1．reported[考查動詞的時態(tài)。依據(jù)該句中的“recently”，再結合上文可知，上述結果是北京的一家報紙報道過的，表示已經(jīng)發(fā)生過的事情，故用一般過去時。]2．an[考查不定冠詞。依據(jù)語境可知，該處泛指“一個國際組織”，且international的發(fā)音以元音音素開頭，故用不定冠詞an。]3．aged[考查形容詞。分析該句結構可知，空處作名詞“women”的后置定語，應用age的形容詞形式aged，表示“年齡介于三十到六十歲的女性”。]4．on[考查固定搭配。onaverage為固定搭配，意為“平均”。該句意為：在該報紙中一項由一個國際組織進行的探討表明，30到60歲的女性平均每天睡6小時41分鐘。]5．cities[考查名詞單復數(shù)。依據(jù)該句中的“l(fā)ikeBeijingandShanghai”可知，該處指“像北京、上海那樣的城市”，為復數(shù)意義，故用cities。]6．pressure[考查名詞。依據(jù)該句中“andcompetition”，再結合空前的形容詞“heavy”可知，該形容詞修飾兩個并列的名詞，故用press的名詞形式pressure，表示“壓力”。]7．sleeping[考查形容詞?？仗幮揎椇竺娴拿~habits，表示“睡眠習慣”，故用形容詞sleeping。]8．which[考查關系詞。分析該句結構可知，該句為非限制性定語從句，空處在從句中作主語，指代前面的“unhappiness,anxietyanddepression”，故用關系代詞which引導該定語從句。]9．especially[考查副詞。空處修飾短語“inwomen”，故