DiscoverUsefulStructuresUnit2HealthyLifestyleLearningAims

Afterthisperiod,studentswillbeableto:1.Tomasterthedifferentformsanduseoftheinfinitive;2.TounderstandthedifferencesoftheInfinitiveandthegerundassubject;3.TousetheInfinitiveassubjecttodiscusshealthylifestyles.(1)PerhapsthebestwaytounderstandWesternartis___________(look)atthedevelopmentofWesternpaintingoverthecenturies.(2)DuringtheMiddleAges，thepurposeofWesternartwas_____________(teach)peopleaboutChristianity.(3)Inthiswork，Monet’saimwas____________(convey)thelightandmovementinthescene.(4)Herambitionis_____________(put)hernewideasintopractice.(5)Whattheyattemptedtodowasnolonger____________(show)reality,butinsteadtoaskthequestion,“Whatisart?”tolooktoteachtoconveytoputshowReview不定式的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)

1.Totalkwithhimisagreatpleasure.(talk)2.ThemeetingtobeheldnextweekisabouttheCOVID-19.(hold)3.Whentheteachercamein,hepretendedtobereading.(read)3.SomeitemsondisplayarethoughttohavecomefromthecollectionofEmperorQianlong.(come)4.Thedogwassaidtohavebeenkilledbyawanderer.(kill)不

定

式

主

動

被

動

一

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todotobedone進(jìn)

行

tobedoing完

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tohavedonetohavebeendone謂語動作發(fā)生時(shí)，不定式動作正在進(jìn)行。不定式動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前。動詞不定式（TheInfinitive）動詞不定式的句法作用法動詞不定式有名詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，因此在句中可作____、____、___、____、____、____成分主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語不定式√√√√√√主語賓語表語定語狀語補(bǔ)足語Earlytobedandealytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.早睡早起使人健康、富有又聰明。Nottoadvanceistogoback.（逆水行舟）不進(jìn)則退。Tosavetimeistolengthenlife.節(jié)約時(shí)間就是延長生命。Itiseasytoopenashop,buthardtokeepitalwaysopen.開店容易，守店難。（打江山容易，守江山難。）It’shardtopleaseall.眾口難調(diào)。

TheInfinitiveassubject.Moresentencesinthereadingpassage(Findthesubjectofeachsentence.).1.However,duringthisperiod,itcanbeeasyforsomeofthemtoformbadhabits.2.Topreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeisessential.3.Tochangebadhabitsisnevereasy,evenwithmanyattempts.4.Afterall,itisnoteasytobreakbadhabits.toformbadhabitsTopreventharmfulhabitslikethesefromdominatingateenager’slifeTochangebadhabitstobreakbadhabits以上句子中動詞不定式都是作

.句(1)和句(4)中it作

，真正的主語是后面的

。主語形式主語動詞不定式動詞不定式作主語常見的三個(gè)要點(diǎn)1.不定式作主語通常位于句首，表示具體的某次動作，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。e.g.Toseeistobelieve.百聞不如一見。Togetupearlyisnecessary.早起是必要的。Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.?學(xué)習(xí)一項(xiàng)技能對社會上的每個(gè)人都很重要。Tofinishthebuildinginamonthisdifficult.要在一個(gè)月內(nèi)完成這座建筑是困難的。2.動詞不定式與疑問詞who,whom,whose,what,which,when,

where,how等連用構(gòu)成不定式短語，也可作主語。

e.g.Howtousethecomputeristhequestion.如何使用計(jì)算機(jī)是個(gè)問題。Wheretogohasnotbeendecided.去哪兒還沒有定下來。HowtousethecomputerWheretogo疑問詞+不定式可用于該結(jié)構(gòu)的疑問詞疑問代詞：who，whom，what，which疑問副詞：when，where，how常接該結(jié)構(gòu)的動詞：know，see，decide，tell，ask，consider，explain，learn，wonder特殊疑問詞+不定式在句中可以作：主語、賓語和表語3.當(dāng)主語較長，謂語較短時(shí)，常用it作形式主語放在句首，而將真正的主語—不定式放到謂語的后面(1)Itwasnotpolitetodisturb

yourneighbourswithloudmusiclastnight.(2)TojointhePeople’sLiberationArmy,itisaruleformentoshaveoff

theirbeards.(3)Ittookthesurgeonthreehourstofinishmymother’slungsurgery.it作形式主語代替真正主語不定式常見于以下情況中：Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearna?foreignlanguage.Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeel

athomeintheirhouse.Itis+n.+(forsb.)todosth.常見的名詞有：pity,?shame,?pleasure,?one’sduty,?one’sjob,?fun,?joy,?goodmanners,?badmanners等。Itwas

reallyapitytomisstheexcitingmovie.Ittakes/took/willtakesb.sometime/moneytodosth.某人花多.考點(diǎn)：it作形式主語常見的句型1.Itis+形容詞+for/ofsb+todosthE.g.Itiseasyformetolearnhowtodrive.Itiscleverof

youtoapplyfortheposition.一般規(guī)律：動詞不定式的邏輯主語常用_____________來表示若形容詞”描述人的品性、特征”,用of;若形容詞“描述事或物的特征”,

用for;for/ofsb

常用于表示事物的特征，用于此句型的形容詞有：easy,?hard,?difficult,?possible,?important,?impossible,necessary,?good,?bad,?exciting,?interesting,?surprising等。1)Itis＋adj.

＋forsb.todosth.sb.是todosth.的邏輯主語Itis+adj.+for/ofsb.todosth.e.g.Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearna?foreignlanguage.對年輕的學(xué)生來說，學(xué)習(xí)一門外語是必要的。Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.他們不可能在這么短的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。It’simportantforustokeepthewaterclean.保持水質(zhì)清潔對我們來說是很重要的。常見的此類形容詞有：

kind,?nice,?wise,?silly,?polite,?impolite,?friendly,?foolish,?clever等。2)Itis＋adj.＋ofsb.＋todosth.形容詞用來表示不定式的邏輯主語(sb.)的性質(zhì)、特征或品德e.g.Itwassillyofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance！

你放棄這么好的一個(gè)機(jī)會，真傻!It’sverykindofyoutosayso.你這樣說真是太好了。Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeel

athomeintheirhouse.這家人對我很友好，使我在他們家里感到賓至如歸。比一比Itwasrude__________theboytojumpthequeue!?

Itisnecessary_________youtochangeyourjob.Itwasfoolish______youtoturndowntheirhelp.offorofThedifferencebetweentheinfinitiveandthegerund

不定式與V-ing作主語的區(qū)別不定式作主語表示一次性的、具體的、將來的或未做的動作；動名詞作主語表示一般的、抽象的、泛指的或者已經(jīng)完成的動作。__________(finish)thetaskintimeisagreatchallenge.___________(walk)afterdinnerisgoodtohealth.--WhathasmadeJannysoupset?--_______(lose)twoticketstothecinema._________(get)totheparkbybikewilltakeabout20minutes.TofinishWalkingLosingToget2.如果主語用不定式，表語和賓語也用不定式；主語用動名詞，表語和賓語也用動名詞，這在英語中稱為對稱性。1.Toseeistobelieve.＝Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。2.Itisbettertostay

homethantogoout.待在家里比出去要好。不定式短語作獨(dú)立成分一些不定式短語可用作獨(dú)立成分，通常位于句首，有時(shí)位于句中或句末，要用逗號同其他句子成分隔開。tobegin/startwith首先tosumup總而言之

toconclude總而言之，最后totellthetruth說實(shí)話

tobefrank坦白地說tobehonest說老實(shí)話tobebrief簡言之

1._______________theriverisstillaproblem.怎樣過橋仍然是個(gè)問題。（作主語）2.______________________hasnotbeendecided還沒有決定去哪兒露營。（作主語）3.Wehavenowidea__________________________________.我們不知道如何控制水污染。（作賓語）4.Thequestionis________________________.問題是在那里舉行這個(gè)晚會。（作表語）

HowtocrossWheretogocampinghowtocontrolthewaterpollutionwheretoholdtheparty練一練補(bǔ)全下面句子動詞不定式作主語有三種形式：直接放在________作主語；為了保持句子平衡，用________作形式主語，放在句首，把真正的主語—動詞不定式置于句后；和_________構(gòu)成短語作主語。句首it疑問詞Summary不定式作主語通常位于句首，表示

的動作，謂語動詞用

數(shù)。動詞ing形式表示

的動作。It+be+adj.+todosth結(jié)構(gòu)中常用it作

，為了避免句子頭重腳輕,而把動詞不定式短語(真正主語)后置。1.

Itis+adj.+ofsbtodo...這類形容詞常修飾

，表示,如good等。2.Itis+adj.+forsbtodo...這類形容詞常修飾,表示,如easy等。It的常見句型：

和

可作主語。抽象的、經(jīng)常性具體的、某次性單形式主語人的性格、品質(zhì)動作的特征

人物It+be+n.+todosthIttakes/took/willtake

“疑問詞”+todosbsometime/moneytodosth.1._____________(ignore)thiswouldbeamistake.

2.Howrudeitwasoftheboy___________(jump)thequeue!

3.__________(do)morningexercisesisgoodforyourhealth.4.Toimprovepeople'slivesandtospeedupsocialismconstruction________(be)twoimportanttaskstoday.5.Hetolduswhether________(have)apicnicwasstillunderdiscussion.

6.Itismyambition__________(make)surethatthedisabledpeoplehaveaccesstoallpublicbuildings.

7.Itisnotdifficult__________(grasp)aforeignlanguageifyouspendtimeandeffortonit.

8.Itisgoodmannersforyou__________(give)yourseattotheold.

9.Itisnouse________(try)togetbackthelosttime.10.Whatapityitisforyou________________(miss)suchagoodfilm.

PracticeToignoretojumpDoingaretohavetomaketograsptogivetryingtohavemissedCompletethesentences.1._____________________________intenmonthswasagreatachievement.

10個(gè)月內(nèi)就蓋成那座樓是一個(gè)了不起的成就。2.Itisnotverygoodforyou__________________________.

抽這么多煙對你(身體)很不好。3._____________________istoberespected.

尊重別人就是尊重自己。4.Itisnotaneasything________________________________.

精通一種語言是不容易的。5.Itmadeusveryangry________________________________.

聽他那樣談話我們非常氣憤。

TocompletethatbuildingtosmokesomuchTorespectotherstomasteralanguagetohearhimtalklikethat

Homework6.________________withthissituationreflectsone'sability.

如何應(yīng)對這種狀況反映出一個(gè)人的能力。7.Itfeelsgood______________________forawhile.

出來在這里待一會兒是挺舒服的。8.It'snecessary___________________________whenyoudonotuseit.

當(dāng)你不用車的時(shí)候,鎖車是有必要的。9.Itonlytook(us)ayear________________________________.

完成這項(xiàng)工程只花了(我們)一年時(shí)間。10.It'skind_______