UNIT3TheworldofscienceSectionA

Startingout&Understandingideas

課文結(jié)構(gòu)圖解課文預(yù)習(xí)自測

Ⅰ閱讀理解（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容選擇正確答案）1.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Thepublishingofanewbook. B.FourgreatinventionsinAncientChina.C.Thechangesintheinventiontoday. D.Whatinspiresamantoinventsomething.2.WhydoesRichardmentionthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina?A.Toprovethegoldenagesofinventioninhistory.B.Totellustheimportanceofthefourgreatinventions.C.Tosharehisknowledgeaboutthefourgreatinventions.D.TocomparethemwiththegreatWesterninventions.○○3.WhatnewinventionsareNOTmentionedinthetext?A.Virtualrealityandwearabletech. B.Theflexiblebatteryandthe3Dprinters.C.TheinventionsmadebyRichard. D.Thereplacementsofhumanorgans.4.WhatisRichard’sattitudetoinventingatimemachine?A.Negative. B.Supportive. C.Critical. D.Optimistic.5.Whatdoweknowaboutthenewgreatinventionstoday?A.Allofthemaretech-based.B.Computertechnologyhelpsalot.C.Thesolartechnologyisalwayseco-friendly.D.Asolutiontoaproblemisaninvention.○○○Ⅱ語法填空（根據(jù)課文內(nèi)容和語法規(guī)則完成短文）

AccordingtoDrRichardFairhurst，whosenewbookTheNewAgeofInventionhasjustbeenpublished，therehavebeen1

（gold）agesofinventionthroughouthistory.ThinkofthefourgreatinventionsinAncientChina：gunpowder，papermaking，2

（print）andthecompass.Thesethings3

（change）theworldforever.ThentherewerethegreatWesterninventions：thesteamengine，thetelephoneandtheradio.Andnow，mostofthenewgreatinventionsaretech-based.Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityand4

（wear）tech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，meanweshouldsoonbeseeing5

（far）developments.Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineand6

（environment）sciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.Newinventions7

3Dprintershavebeenusedtomakereplacementheartsandboneparts.Intermsoftheenvironment，8

isnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.

DrRichardFairhurst，an9

（invent）himself，holdstheviewthatmostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblem10

needsasolution.Buttherealspiritofinventionisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate.

goldenprintingchangedwearablefurtherenvironmentallikeitinventorthat/whichⅢ概要寫作閱讀課文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Onepossibleversion：

DrRichardFairhurst，aninventorandtheauthorofTheNewAgeofInvention，thinkstherehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.Forexample，therewerefourgreatinventionsinAncientChinaandgreatWesterninventions.Todaymostofthenewgreatinventionsaretech-based.Andmostinventionsstartwithrecognisingaproblemneedingasolution.Buttherealspiritofinventionisanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate.核心詞匯教材原句p.25PresentlyIamgoingtopressthelever，andothemachinewillgo.

現(xiàn)在我要按一下操縱桿，機(jī)器就要開動(dòng)了。1pressv.按，壓；催促，敦促n.新聞報(bào)道，評論 Incaseofemergency，pressthebuttonandbreaktheglass.萬一遇到緊急情況，按下按鈕并擊碎玻璃。Thecommitteepressedhimtorevealmoreinformation.委員會敦促他透露更多信息。Theplayhashadagood/badpress.這部戲受到新聞界的好評/批評。?【單詞積累】pressuren.壓力underpressure承受壓力；被迫reducepressure減輕壓力putpressureonsb.向某人施壓 題組練·領(lǐng)悟方法?單句語法填空（1）Michaeltookafewstepsbackwardsandpressedhisback

thewall.（2）Theyarepressingus

（make）aquickdecision.?完成句子（3）I’m

（承受壓力）frommyparentstobecomeateacher.（4）Thecompanymayhave

（向她施加壓力）toagree.（5）Developingahabitofplayingteamsportscan

（減輕壓力）andkeepfit.againsttomakeunderpressureputpressureonherreducepressure教材原句p.25Afaintbluelightshotacrossit，darkeningtopurple...一道微弱的藍(lán)光穿過它，漸漸暗成紫色……2shootv.&n.（1）v.射出（光、亮等），放射；射殺，射傷；拍攝；射門；沖，奔 Awomanwasshotdeadinanattemptedrobbery.一名女子在一樁搶劫未遂案中中槍身亡。Heshotfromthemiddleofthefieldandstillmanagedtoscore.他在中場投籃，仍成功得分。Sheshotpastmeseveralmetresbeforethefinishingline.她在離終點(diǎn)線幾米時(shí)沖刺超過了我。（2）n.嫩芽，新枝；拍攝newgreenshoots綠色的新芽afashionshoot時(shí)裝攝影?【單詞積累】shotn.開槍；射球；照片；鏡頭

takeashotat對……開槍takeashotof給……拍照 ?單句語法填空（1）Heorderedhertoshoot

theapplewithoneofherarrows.（2）Thecruelmantooka

（shoot）atthecamel，butmissed.（3）Themurderershottheexpertin

backandstolethedocumentfromhissuitcase.（4）Itook

shotofthebeautifulsceneryinthedesert.?完成句子（5）Asthebirdsrise，thehunters

（向它們射擊）.（6）Headmittedthathehad

（打中了熊的腿）.atshottheashootatthemshotthebearintheleg教材原句p.26Forexample，advancesinvirtualrealityandwearabletech，aswellastheflexiblebattery，meanweshouldsoonbeseeingfurtherdevelopments.比如說，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)、可穿戴科技設(shè)備與柔性電池技術(shù)的進(jìn)步意味著我們很快會看到更多相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的產(chǎn)品研發(fā)。3aswellas（1）用作連詞，連接并列成分，意為“不但……而且……，既……又……”。Weexpecthertodothehouseworkaswellaslookafterthechildren.我們不僅期望她照看孩子，而且期望她做家務(wù)。（2）用作介詞，意為“除了……之外”，后面接名詞或動(dòng)名詞，相當(dāng)于inadditionto，besides，apartfrom。AswellasknowingsomeRussian，shespeaksEnglishverywell.除了懂一些俄語外，她英語說得也不錯(cuò)。 （3）構(gòu)成同級比較，意為“和……一樣好”。Youlookaswellasyoudidtenyearsago.你的身體看起來還和十年前一樣好。 ?【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】AaswellasB強(qiáng)調(diào)A，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與A保持一致。notonlyAbutalsoB強(qiáng)調(diào)B，作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與B保持一致。Yourwifeaswellasyouisfriendlytome.=Notonlyyoubutalsoyourwifeisfriendlytome.不僅你而且你的妻子也對我很友好。 ?單句語法填空（1）Aswellas

（play）thepiano，theactresscansingwell.（2）Amuseumshouldaimtoentertainaswellas

（educate）.（3）HelenaswellasI

（be）eagertoreadtheadventurestories.（4）Iaswellasthey

（be）unabletorecogniseouroldteacher.（5）NotonlyIbutalsoMary

（make）alivingbyteaching. ?一句多譯瑪麗和我都填寫了一張表格。（6）

（aswellas）（7）

（notonly...butalso...）playingeducateisammakesMaryaswellasIhasfilledoutaform.NotonlyIbutalsoMaryhasfilledoutaform.教材原句p.27Inaddition，importantadvanceshavebeenmadeinmedicineandenvironmentalsciencethankstoincreasingcomputerpower.此外，得益于不斷強(qiáng)化的計(jì)算機(jī)能力，醫(yī)藥與環(huán)境科學(xué)也取得了重要進(jìn)展。4inaddition除此之外，另外Inaddition，it’sbestforyoutoforgiveandforget.此外，你最好還是不念舊惡。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thecompanyprovidesfreeserviceinaddition.另外，該公司還提供免費(fèi)服務(wù)。?【詞語辨析】inaddition與inadditionto

?選詞填空（inaddition/inadditionto）（1）Icanposttheletterforyou.

，doingsomewalkingdoesmegood.（2）

thenamesonthelist，therearesixotherapplicants.?完成句子（3）Theproductsareofhighquality.

（另外），thepriceislow.（4）

（除了游泳），shelikesplayingtheguitar.InadditionInadditiontoInadditionInadditiontoswimming教材原句p.27Intermsoftheenvironment，itisnowpossibletocreateanintelligentwalkinghouse.在環(huán)境領(lǐng)域，建造智能可移動(dòng)房屋現(xiàn)在已成為可能。5intermsof就……而言，在……方面；根據(jù)，依照?搭配：describe/measure/evaluatesth.intermsofsth.根據(jù)……描述/衡量/評價(jià)……Intermsofenvironmentalprotection，hegovernedthisregionverywell.在環(huán)境保護(hù)方面，他把這個(gè)地區(qū)治理得很好。Itisasmallcountrybothintermsofsizeandpopulation.就面積和人口而言，它都是個(gè)小國。Itiswidelyacknowledgedthatstudentsshouldbeevaluatedintermsofoverallquality.人們普遍認(rèn)為應(yīng)該根據(jù)學(xué)生的綜合素質(zhì)來評價(jià)學(xué)生。?【歸納拓展】beongood/badterms（withsb.）（與某人）關(guān)系好/不好inthelong/shortterm從長期/短期來看 ?單句語法填空（1）TomissuperiortoJohn

termsofcompetence.（2）Learningisnotalwayseasy，butitisalwaysgood

thelongterm.?完成句子（3）Youcanchooselandscapesorpaintings

（根據(jù)）yourowntaste.（4）They

（與……關(guān)系好）theirneighbourseversincetheymovedthere.ininintermsofhavebeenongoodtermswith教材原句p.27ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces，withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”.它能依靠全球定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)四處移動(dòng)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)則控制著它的“雙腿”。6capableadj.有能力的；能力強(qiáng)的，能干的 I’mperfectlycapableofdoingitmyself.我完全有能力自己做這項(xiàng)工作。astrongcapablewoman一個(gè)堅(jiān)強(qiáng)能干的女人Weneedtogetanassistantwho’scapableandefficient.我們需要一個(gè)能力強(qiáng)、效率高的助理。I’llleavetheorganizationinyourcapablehands.我要把這個(gè)組織交給你這位能手。 ?單句語法填空（1）Aforce-tenwindiscapableof

（blow）theroofsoffhouses.（2）I’mgoingawaynextweek，soI’llbeleavingeverything

yourcapablehands.?完成句子（3）Actually，we

（有能力阻止）thediseasefromspreading.（4）Thecompany

（沒有能力）dealingwithanorderthatlarge.blowinginarecapableofpreventingisn’tcapableof教材原句p.27Now，reducedenergysuppliesandenvironmentalpollutionhaveledtomoreadvancesinthetechnologyofnewenergyvehicles.現(xiàn)在，能源供應(yīng)緊縮與環(huán)境污染推動(dòng)了新能源汽車技術(shù)的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展。7leadto導(dǎo)致，造成；通向，通往（to是介詞）Thelonghotsummerhasledtoseriouswatershortages.漫長的炎熱夏天導(dǎo)致了嚴(yán)重的水資源短缺。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］Thewindingdriveleadstothetopofthehill.蜿蜒的車道通往山頂。?【歸納拓展】“導(dǎo)致，引起”的多種表達(dá)：（1）leadto客觀描述結(jié)果，好壞結(jié)果都可用。（2）resultin側(cè)重強(qiáng)調(diào)所造成的結(jié)果，通常是不良或消極的結(jié)果。Stayinguplatecanresultinaseriesofhealthproblems.熬夜會導(dǎo)致一系列健康問題。 （3）bringabout多指“帶來”某種變化、好處等，或“導(dǎo)致”“造成”某種問題、不良結(jié)果等。TheInternethasbroughtaboutmanychangesinourwork，studyandlife.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已經(jīng)給我們的工作、學(xué)習(xí)和生活帶來了許多變化。（4）contributeto本義是“對……作貢獻(xiàn)”，在不好的方面作貢獻(xiàn)引申出“造成”“導(dǎo)致”的意思，用于好的方面則表示“促成”“有助于”。Cigarettesmokingisbelievedtobeamajorfactorcontributingtolungcancer.吸煙被認(rèn)為是導(dǎo)致肺癌的一個(gè)主要因素。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］

?完成句子（1）Warneversettlesanything.Itonly

（導(dǎo)致暴力）.（2）Asweallknow，badeatinghabitsandalackofexercisemay

（造成健康問題）.（3）Itdoesn’tmatterwhetheryouturnrightorleftatthecrossing—bothroads________________（通向公園）.?選詞填空（leadto/resultin/bringabout/contributeto）（4）Properrestandenoughsleep

longevity.（5）Yogaisanexerciseto

astateofcalm. （6）Thisconditioncan

otherhealthissuessuchasdiabetes，highbloodpressure，heartattacksandstrokes.leadstoviolenceleadtohealthproblemsleadtotheparkcontributetobringaboutleadto/resultin/bringabout/contributeto教材原句p.27Butwhatremainsimportantisthatwehaveanincredibledesiretothinkandcreate，andthat’stherealspiritofinvention.不過有一點(diǎn)依舊重要，就是我們對思考與創(chuàng)造有著一種極度的渴望，而這正是真正的發(fā)明精神。8desiren.欲望，渴望v.渴望，期望 Ihavenodesiretocausemycompanionanytrouble.我不想給我的同伴帶來任何麻煩。Peoplewithdisabilitiesdesiretoliveanormallife.殘疾人渴望過正常的生活。［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］?【誤區(qū)警示】desire后的名詞性從句用虛擬語氣，謂語動(dòng)詞用“should+動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。 ?單句語法填空（1）Fashionisacompetitiveandhardbusinesswherepeople’sdesire

newideasishardtosatisfy.（2）Itisdesiredthattheexpert

（come）atonce.?完成句子（3）I

（不想惹任何麻煩）.（4）She

（極其渴望）togobacktoherhomecountrybeforeshedied.for（should）comehavenodesiretocauseanytroublehadaburning/strongdesire重點(diǎn)句式教材原句p.26Therehavebeengoldenagesofinventionthroughouthistory.

縱觀歷史，我們經(jīng)歷過很多發(fā)明創(chuàng)造的黃金時(shí)代。1Therehave/hasbeen...（therebe句型的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）Therehasbeenadecreaseintrafficaccidents.交通事故減少了。CouldIaskyouiftherehavebeenanyfurtherproblems?我想問您一下，是否還有其他的問題？［詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)］ ?【學(xué)法點(diǎn)撥】therebe句型可以用于多種時(shí)態(tài)，基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“there+be的各種時(shí)態(tài)”。ThereisamapofChinaonthewall.墻上有一幅中國地圖。（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）Thereweresomechildrenswimmingintheriver.一些小孩在河里游泳。（一般過去時(shí)）Thereisgoingtoberainsoon.馬上就要下雨了。（一般將來時(shí)）TherewillbethousandsoffootballfansinLondonnextmonth.下個(gè)月倫敦將有成千上萬的足球迷。（一般將來時(shí)）Therehavebeentwoshopsandahospitalhere.這里已經(jīng)有兩家商店和一家醫(yī)院了。（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）TherewouldbeendlessrowsifIwasathome.如果我在家的話會有吵不完的架。（過去將來時(shí)） ?單句語法填空（1）There

（be）abuildingatthecorner.（2）There

（be）aplanfortheprojecttomorrow.（3）There

（be）goingtobeafilminourschoolthisweekend.（4）Theteachersaidthere

（be）afootballmatchonTVthisevening.（5）There

（be）manysuchaccidentsthisyear.（6）There

（be）lotsofcomplaintsabouttheboys，butnoneaboutthesmoke.（7）There

（be）alivelyinterestintheelectionsinthelasttwoweeks.iswillbe/isgoingtobeiswouldbehavebeenwere/arehasbeen教材原句p.27ItiscapableofusingGPStechnologytotraveltodifferentplaces，withcomputingtechnologycontrollingits“l(fā)egs”.它能依靠全球定位系統(tǒng)技術(shù)四處移動(dòng)，計(jì)算機(jī)技術(shù)則控制著它的“雙腿”。2with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)

構(gòu)成：with+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語常在句中充當(dāng)狀語，表示原因、時(shí)間、條件、伴隨、方式等，還可以作定語。具體形式主要有：（1）with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞（作狀語，現(xiàn)在分詞表主動(dòng)和進(jìn)行）Withpricesgoingupsofast，wecan’tbuya