專題14完形填空說明文

目錄

題型綜述.........................................................................2

解題攻略.........................................................................2

題型01利用語義復現(xiàn)解題........................................................2

題型02利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題......................

題型03利用邏輯關(guān)系解題........................................................4

題型04利用語境暗示分析法解題..................................................5

高考練場.......................................................

01題型綜述

?題型簡介

說明文是高考英語完形填空中的一種并不?？嘉捏w，其主要功能是介紹、解釋或說明事物的特征、本質(zhì)、

性能、狀態(tài)、用途、原理等。與記敘文相比，說明文的語言更加簡練、平實、準確，通常采用客觀描述。

文章主題明確，層次分明，作者通常在文章開頭就點明說明對象。

?命題類型

>詞匯選擇題：主要考查名詞、動詞、形容詞和副詞等實詞在具體語境中的運用。

>邏輯關(guān)系題：考查考生對文章邏輯關(guān)系的理解，需要根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系進行選擇。

>語境理解題：要求考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上，選擇最合適的詞匯。

?解題思路

?抓住首句，明確說明對象：首句通常不設(shè)空，提供了文章的主題或說明對象，幫助考生快速把握文

章的大意。

?理清段落關(guān)系：通讀全文，明確作者是針對哪一個說明對象從不同的角度和側(cè)面進行說明的，概括

每一段的側(cè)重點，理清各段之間的關(guān)系。

?弄清說明順序，把握文章脈絡：作者在說明過程中會選擇合理的說明順序（如時間順序、空間順序、

邏輯順序等），把握這些順序有助于理解文章的整體結(jié)構(gòu)。

?關(guān)注語境和邏輯：在選擇答案時，要結(jié)合上下文的語境和邏輯關(guān)系，確保所選詞匯使文章意思通順、

邏輯合理。

?先易后難，逐步推進：先解決那些容易判斷的空格，再逐步處理較難的題目，避免在難題上耗費過

多時間。

02解題攻略

技巧一：利用語義復現(xiàn)解題

【題型詮釋】

復現(xiàn)是一種語義銜接手段,它通過原詞、同義詞或近義詞、反義詞、上義詞、下義詞、同源詞或同根詞

等重復出現(xiàn)來表達某一概念，使整篇文章上下連貫，有機地銜接在一起因此,考生可根據(jù)文章的具體情況，理解

文章的結(jié)構(gòu)和語境利用文章中的語義復現(xiàn)來選擇正確的答案。它包括：1.原詞復現(xiàn)；2.同義復現(xiàn)；3.反義復

現(xiàn)；4.代詞復現(xiàn)等。

提分秘籍

O國困

該類題是完形填空中比較簡單的，也是送分題。要仔細閱讀，但是這些詞可能隱藏的比較深；上文

可能暗示下文答案，下文可能暗示上文答案，甚至上下文信息相隔較遠，因此要注意集中尋找這些暗示

信息。

典例剖析

［示例］Whilehighschooldoesnotgenerallyencouragestudentstoexplorenewaspectsoflife,collegesetsthe

stageforthatexploration.Imyselfwentthroughthis_41—processandfoundsomethingthathaschangedmy

42.experienceatcollegeforthebetter:IdiscoveredASL-AmericanSignLanguage（美式手語）.

41.A.searchingB.planningC.naturalD.formal

［示例］Goodmannersatmealtimeshelpyouandthosearoundyoutofeel49.Thisistrueathomeasmuchas

itistrueinsomeoneelse'shomeorinarestaurant.Good50makemealsmoreenjoyableforeveryoneatthe

table.

50.A.dishesB.mannersC.atmospheresD.friends

技巧二：利用作者態(tài)度或感情色彩關(guān)聯(lián)解題

【題型詮釋】

在完形填空中，我們一定要在快速閱讀文章的過程中，仔細找出能夠反映作者態(tài)度和感情色彩的重要詞

匯，它們往往是名詞、形容詞、副詞或動詞。這些詞匯通常是我們做題時重要的參照線索，可以幫助我們快速

確定某些題目的正確答案。

瞿紗籍

陶國國南

考生在解答該類問題時，要善于把握與作者的寫作態(tài)度、感悟色彩相關(guān)的詞匯，特別是某些形容詞、

副詞。這類題型主觀性較強，心理描寫較多。屬于較難的題目。

典例剖析

［示伊I］Whenmenarehelduptogetherforalongperiod,theybegintofeeluneasy.Everyonehaslittlehabitsof

speakingandbehavingthatareordinarilyacceptable.Inthelimitedspaceoveralongperiodoftime,however,

theselittlehabitsmaybecomevery50.

50.A.pleasingB.annoyingC.commonD.valuable

［示例］…gotmerock-bottompricesonairfares,cars,andhotels.Buthercoldvoicereally28me.

28.A.annoyedB.interestedC.discouragedD.confused

技巧三：利用邏輯關(guān)系解題

【題型詮釋】

在句組層次題中，利用邏輯關(guān)系解題同樣是一種重要的方法。從邏輯關(guān)系的高度整體上把握，就會不

無驚喜地發(fā)現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系才是征服完形填空的最佳途徑。所謂邏輯關(guān)系并不縹緲，它就隱藏在句子中、句與

句之間以及段落的銜接中。通過邏輯關(guān)系的方法，我們可以通過確切、具體的線索，把答案的邏輯意義推

測出來，從而在答案中尋找表現(xiàn)了相同邏輯意義的選項。這樣做，使得題目的難度大大降低。

提分秘籍

O國困

這種邏輯關(guān)系包括：（1）句中邏輯關(guān)系；（2）句間邏輯關(guān)系：往往通過轉(zhuǎn)折、讓步、遞進、因果等明確的

邏輯關(guān)系詞來體現(xiàn)。當然，句子的邏輯關(guān)系也不一定體現(xiàn)在一句話的內(nèi)部，它還可以滲透到篇章的層面

上，在句與句之間表現(xiàn)出來。（3）段間邏輯關(guān)系：這種邏輯關(guān)系主要體現(xiàn)在段落之間的銜接上。

典例剖析

［示伊J］Areyourtablemannersmuchbetterwhenyouareeatingatafriend^homeorinarestaurantthantheyare

atyourownhome?Probablyso,45youareawarethatpeoplejudgeyoubyyourtablemanners.

45.A.becauseB.butC.unlessD.though

［示例］AsaFrenchgraduatewhohastaughtformorethantwenty-fiveyears,IbelieveIhavesomeideaofwhy

thefailureissototal.55thefaultsalreadyfoundoutintheeducationsystemasawhole——suchas

child-centeredlearning,the"discovery“method,andthelowexpectationsbyteachersofpupils-therehavebeen

severalserious56whichhaveadirecteffectonlanguageteaching.

55.A.DuetoB.InadditiontoC.InsteadofD.Inspiteof

技巧四：利用語境暗示分析法解題

【題型詮釋】

在句組層次題中,有些題目我們往往也需要通過上下文的語境暗示來解題，即根據(jù)已知信息，推導出正確

答案。完形填空題中雖然也穿插了對語法、短語和詞的辨析、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的考查等，但對文章故事情節(jié)發(fā)展

線索的邏輯考查仍是重點。

國國國因

暗示與上下對應的思維方法，是突破此類完形填空最關(guān)鍵的思維方式?？忌谧鲱}時要有全局觀念,

進行連貫性思維，做題時要把每個空白處的含義與前后句的意思聯(lián)系起來理解，進行合乎邏輯的推理判

斷。難選之處前后通常多有暗示，這種暗示多為后面暗示前面。

典例剖析

［示例］Hehadalwaysbeeninterestedinmedicineandhadreadabook,whichdiscussedtheideaofhowbody

chemistryandhealthcanbedamagedbyemotionalstressandnegative_47—.ThebookmadeCousinsthink

aboutthepossible_48—ofpositiveattitudesandemotions.

47.A.attitudesB.beliefsC.goalsD.positions

48.A.shortcomingB.harmC.benefitD.interest

［示例］Whenyourevise,youchangeaspectsofyourworkin54toyourevolvingpurpose,ortoinclude

55ideasornewlydiscoveredinformation.

55.A.fixedB.ambitiousC.familiarD.fresh

03高考練場

（2022全國乙卷）

Youngchildrenacrosstheglobeenjoyplayinggamesofhideandseek.Forthem,there'ssomethinghighly

excitingabout41someoneelse'sglanceandmakingoneselfunabletobeseen.

However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42athiding.Theyoftencoveronly

theireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.

Foralongtime,thisineffectivehidingmethodwas44asevidencethatchildrenarehopelessly

“egocentric”（自我中心的）creatures.Butour45researchresultsinchilddevelopmentalpsychology

46thatidea.

Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47satdown

withanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orhearthe

adult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn't.Thesame50happenedwhentheadultcoveredher

ownmouth:51childrensaidthattheycouldn't52toher.

Anumberof53ruledoutthatthechildrenmisunderstoodwhattheywerebeingasked.Theresults

wereclear:Ouryoungsubjects54thequestionsandknew55whatwasaskedofthem.Their

56tothequestionsreflectedtheirtrue57that“Icanseeyouonlyifyoucanseeme,too."Theysimply

58mutual（相互的）recognitionandregard.Our59suggestwhenachild"hides“byputtingablanket

overherhead,itisnotaresultofegocentrism.Infact,childrenconsiderthismethod60whenothersuseit.

41.A.followingB.takingC.escapingD.directing

42.A.cleverB.badC.scaredD.quick

43.A.exposedB.examinedC.untouchedD.imbalanced

44.A.supportedB.guaranteedC.imaginedD.interpreted

45.A.disappointingB.mixedC.surprisingD.desired

46.A.explainedB.confirmedC.contradictedD.tested

47.A.parentB.childC.researcherD.doctor

48.A.feetB.noseC.handsD.ears

49.A.seeB.helpC.reachD.fool

50.A.eventB.thingC.actionD.accident

51.A.YetB.NowC.SoonD.Once

52.A.speakB.listenC.turnD.wave

53.A.instructionsB.descriptionsC.experimentsD.assumptions

54.A.comprehendedB.predictedC.exploredD.ignored

55.A.partlyB.honestlyC.vaguelyD.exactly

56.A.responsesB.approachesC.contributionD.sensitivity

57.A.abilityB.beliefC.identityD.purpose

58.A.holdbackB.relatetoC.insistonD.makeup

59.A.limitationsB.requirementsC.theoriesD.findings

60.A.tentativeB.impressiveC.creativeD.effective

（2018年上海高考）

When17-year-oldQuattroMusserhangsoutwithfriends,theydon'tdrinkbeerorcruisearoundincarswith

theirdates.1,theysticktoG-ratedactivitiessuchasrock-climbingortalkingaboutbooks.

Theyareingoodcompany,accordingtoanewstudyshowingthatteenagersareincreasinglydelaying

activitiesthathadlongbeenseenasritesofpassageinto2.Thestudy,publishedTuesdayinthejournalChild

Development,foundthatthepercentageofadolescentsintheU.S.whohaveadriver'slicense,whohavetried

alcohol,whodate,andwhoworkforpayhasplummetedsince1976,withthemostprecipitous（急居U的）3in

thepastdecade.Thedeclinesappearedacrossrace,geographic,andsocioeconomiclines,andinrural,urban,and

suburbanareas.

Tobesure,morethanhalfofteensstillengageintheseactivities,butthe4haveslimmedconsiderably.

Teenshavealsoreportedasteadydeclineinsexualactivityinrecentdecades,astheportionofhighschoolstudents

whohavehadsexfellfrom54percentin1991to41percentin2015,accordingtoCentersforDiseaseControl

statistics.uPeoplesay,'Oh,it'sbecauseteenagersaremoreresponsible,ormorelazy,ormoreboring,'butthey're

5_thelargertrend,"saidJeanTwenge,leadauthorofthestudy,whichdrewonsevenlargetime-lagsurveysof

Americans.Rather,shesaid,kidsmaybeless6inactivitiessuchasdating,drivingorgettingjobsbecausein

today'ssociety,theynolongerneedto.

Accordingtoanevolutionarypsychologytheorythataperson*s"lifestrategyHslowsdownorspeedsup

dependingonhisorher7,exposuretoa"harshandunpredictable"environmentleadstofasterdevelopment,

whileamoreresource-richandsecureenvironmenthasthe8effect,thestudysaid.Inthefirst9,"You'd

havealotofkidsandbeinsurvivalmode,starthavingkidsyoung,expectyourkidswillhavekidsyoung,and

expectthattherewillbemore10andfewerresources,“saidTwenge,apsychologyprofessoratSanDiego

StateUniversitywhoistheauthorof"iGen：WhyToday*sSuper-ConnectedKidsAreGrowingUpLess

Rebellious,MoreTolerant,LessHappy-andCompletelyUnpreparedforAdulthood."

Inthatmodelateenageboymightbethinkingmore11aboutmarriage,anddrivingacarandworkingfor

paywouldbeimportantfor“establishingmatevaluebasedonprocurementofresources/thestudysaid.But

Americaisshiftingmoretowardthe12model,andthechangeisapparentacrossthesocioeconomicspectrum,

Twengesaid.uEveninfamilieswhoseparentsdidn*thaveacollegeeducation...familiesaresmaller,andtheidea

thatchildrenneedtobecarefully13hasreallysunkin."The14of41adultactivities"couldnotbe

attributedtomorehomeworkorextracurricularactivities,thestudysaid,notingthatteenstodayspendfewerhours

onhomeworkandthesameamountoftimeonextracurricularsastheydidinthe1990s(withtheexceptionof

communityservice,whichhasrisenslightly).NorcouldtheuseofsmartphonesandtheInternetbeentirelythe

15_,thereportsaid,sincethedeclinebeganbeforetheywerewidelyavailable.Ifthedelayistomakeroomfor

creativeexplorationandformingbettersocialandemotionalconnections,itisagoodthing,hesaid.

1.A.ThereforeB.RatherC.MoreoverD.Besides

2.A.childhoodB.neighborhoodC.adolescentsD.adulthood

3.A.escapesB.endsC.decreasesD.changes

4.A.minoritiesB.majoritiesC.massesD.amounts

5.A.takingB.avoidingC.sendingD.missing

6.A.interestedB.enviedC.relievedD.realized

7.A.emotionsB.surroundingsC.customsD.habits

8.A.wrongB.sameC.oppositeD.similar

9.A.eventB.issueC.caseD.occasion

10.A.troubleB.questionsC.benefitsD.diseases

11.A.respectivelyB.delicatelyC.seriouslyD.considerably

12.A.slowerB.betterC.smallerD.faster

13.A.emphasizedB.relatedC.organizedD.educated

14.A.implementB.postponementC.achievementD.payment

15.A.causeB.impactC.factD.result

變式演練

A

（24-25高三上?山東?階段練習）China'sspaceexplorationhasonceagainachievedagreatsuccess.The

launchoftheShenzhou-19spacecraftwasamemorablemomentforallChinese,markingthebeginningofanew

J__inChina'sspacejourney.

TheLongMarch-2Frocketwastheperfect2forthisimportantmissionwithitsimpressive

appearanceandstabletechnology,andtheastronautsunderwent3training.

Atzeroseconds,witheveryone'shearts4,therocketsoaredintothesky,leavingatrailoffireand

smoke.BackonEarth,peoplewatchedthelaunchonTVand5theastronauts9progressthroughlive

broadcast.Thesuccessfullaunchandoperationofthespacecraft6China'sabilitytocompetewiththe

world'sleadingspaceagencies.

Duringthemission,theastronautswillhave7taskstoaccomplish.Theywill8scientific

experimentsandprepareforfuturemissions.Theywillalsotaketimetoenjoythebeautiful9ofEarthfrom

space.TheShenzhou-19spacecraftissupposedto10itsmissionaftersixmonthsinspace.Thesuccessof

themissionwillinspiremanyyoungpeopletopursuetheirdreamsofbecomingastronauts.

Since2003,witheachnewmission,Chinahasshownitsabilityto11andpushtheboundariesof

humanknowledge.Andwithitsstrongscientificandtechnological12,Chinaissuretomakegreater

achievementsinthefuture.

TheShenzhou-19missionisaconstant13ofChina'sgrowinginfluenceinspaceexploration.It

marksanewerainChina?sspaceexplorationand14theworld9sattentiontothecountry'sdevelopment.As

Chinacontinuestoprogress,wecanonlyimaginewhatthefutureholdsforthis15nation.

1.A.frameworkB.chapterC.modeD.platform

2.A.optionB.combinationC.locationD.definition

3.A.dramaticB.appealingC.flexibleD.demanding

4.A.beatingB.sinkingC.racingD.melting

5.A.followedB.documentedC.monitoredD.noticed

6.A.facilitatedB.identifiedC.clarifiedD.demonstrated

7.A.multipleB.urgentC.physicalD.risky

8.A.drawonB.carryoutC.bringupD.dealwith

9.A.imagesB.fieldsC.sightsD.figures

10.A.summarizeB.occupyC.interruptD.complete

11.A.wonderB.innovateC.sustainD.apply

12.A.expansionB.backgroundC.introductionD,competence

13.A.reminderB.warningC.operationD,factor

14.A.referB.limitsC.absorbsD.connects

15.A.humbleB.powerfulC.reliableD.generous

B

（24-25高三上?河南濮陽?階段練習）Mostworthwhilecareersrequiresomekindofspecializedtraining.

Ideally,thechoiceofan16shouldbemadeevenbeforethechoiceofthecurriculum（課程）inhighschool.

17manypeoplejusthaveafewideasbouncingaroundintheirmindsandmostpeoplemakeseveraljob

choicesduringtheirworkinglives,18becauseofeconomicandindustrialchangesandpartlytoimprove

theirpositions.Actually,the"'perfectjob“doesnotexist.Ybungpeopleshouldenterintoabroadflexibletraining

programthatwillpreparethemforafieldofworkratherthanjustforasingle19.

Unfortunately,manyyoungpeoplehavetomakecareerplans20gettingproperhelpfroma

competentoccupationalcounselor（置業(yè)顧問）orpsychologist.Knowing21abouttheoccupationalworld,

orthemselvesforthatmatter,theychoosetheirlifeworkonahit-or-miss22.Somedriftfromjobtojob.

Others23toapieceofworkinwhichtheyareunhappyandforwhichtheyarenotfitted.

Onecommonmistakeischoosinganoccupationforits24prestige（聲望）.Toomanyhighschool

students-ortheirparents-chooseaprofessionalfield,25boththerelativelysmallpercentageof

workersintheprofessionandtheextremelyhigheducationalandpersonal26.Theimaginaryprestigeof

aprofessionis27goodreasonforchoosingitasalifetime'swork.Whafsworse,theseoccupationsare

notalwayswellpaid.Sincealargepercentageofjobsaremechanicalandmanualwork,the28ofyoung

peopleshouldgiveserious29tothesefields.

Beforemakinganoccupationalchoice,apersonshouldhaveageneralideaofwhathe/shewantsoutoflife

andhowhardhe/sheiswillingtoworktogetit.Somepeopledesiresocialprestige,othersintellectualsatisfaction.

Somewantsecurity;othersarewillingtotake30forfinancialgain.Eachoccupationalchoicehasits

demandsaswellasitsrewards.So,youmustbecarefulordosomecareeraptitudetestsbeforemakingthefinal

choicetogetaheadstart.

16.A.identificationB.accommodationC.entertainmentD.occupation

17.A.OtherwiseB.HoweverC.ThusD.Therefore

18.A.thoroughlyB.mainlyC.usuallyD.partly

19.A.meansB.jobC.taleD.certificate

20.A.withoutB.viaC.withD.through

21.A.littleB.moreC.muchD.less

22.A.chanceB.purposeC.basisD.mixture

23.A.applyB.appealC.accuseD.stick

24.A.imaginaryB.inspirationalC.generousD.greedy

25.A.concerningB.followingC.ignoringD.considering

26.A.prioritiesB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitions

27.A.oneB.anyC.theD.no

28.A.majorityB.chorusC.minorityD.number

29.A.proposalB.profileC.approvalD.consideration

30.A.turnsB.partsC.risksD.choices

C

(24-25高三上?黑龍江大慶?期中)DuringtheNov.11shoppingevent,manypeopletendtobuymorethan

theyneedbecauseofsalesandpromotionorjustaplainurge.Butwhatnormally31theshopping

madnessisnot32butregret.Thafsbecausemanypeoplejustbuythingstofilltheemptinessintheir

hearts,butaccumulatingthingsactually33theburdenintheirminds.

TheconceptofDansharimayprovidea(n)34totheproblem.DanshariisbasedonthreeChinese

characters,duansheli,35refusal,disposalandseparation.Itpromotestheideaofremoving36

thingsandseparatingoneselffromthedrivetoown37possessions.Therearetwobasicrulesthat38

whetheryoushouldkeepsomething-therelationshipbetweenyouandtheitemunder39aswellasthe

timing.Sobeforeyou40yourpaymentpasswordforsomething,askyourselftwoquestions:DoIneed

itnow?Doesitsuitme?

Danshariencouragesyounotonlyto41things,buttogiveuptheunreasonabledesireassociated

withowningthem.Nowadays,peopleneedtolearnto42theirdailylives.Buyonlythenecessitiesand

suitableitems,regularly43thingsyoudon'tneedanymore,andthenyou'llgetfreedominyourheart.

However,itdoesn'tmeanthatyoushouldkillyourdesireandlivealessinterestinglife.Instead,youshould

44yourselfratherthanmaterialgoods.Through45whattobuyandwhattothrowaway,youcan

seeadeeperreflectionofyourself,thereforelearningtomakewisedecisionsaboutmoreimportantthings.

31.A.preventsB.promotesC.startsD.follows

32.A.satisfactionB.wealthC.reliefD.expectation

33.A.measuresB.coversC.relievesD.indicates

34.A.limitB.alternativeC.solutionD.introduction

35.A.abolishingB.meaningC.violatingD.predicting

36.A.unnecessaryB.temporaryC.usedD.updated

37.A.privateB.valuableC.materialD.popular

38.A.proveB.permitC.decideD.affect

39.A.guaranteeB.controlC.discussionD.consideration

40.A.changeB.enterC.provideD.create

41.A.getoverB.getalongwithC.getridofD.getthrough

42.A.fixB.riskC.enrichD.simplify

43.A.discoverB.recycleC.cherishD.abandon

44.A.reflectonB.focusonC.giveupD.cheerup

45.A.choosingB.avoidingC.comparingD.mentioning

D

（24-25高三上?河北邯鄲?階段練習）Everymorningat4:30a.m.,YangHe,a64-year-oldphotographer,

wakesupinthe46hoursanddrivestothebanksoftheYangtzeRiverinYichang,Hubeiprovince.Upon

arrival,hep