2023級高二下期第一次學(xué)月考試英語試卷命題： 審題：本試卷分為試題卷和答題卡兩部分，其中試題卷共12頁；答題卡共3頁。滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。注意事項(xiàng)：1.答題前，考生務(wù)必將自己的學(xué)校、班級、姓名用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆填寫清楚，同時(shí)用2B鉛筆將考號準(zhǔn)確填涂在“考號”欄目內(nèi)。2.選擇題使用2B鉛筆填涂在答題卡對應(yīng)題目標(biāo)號的位置上，如需改動，用橡皮擦擦干凈后再選涂其它答案：非選擇題用0.5毫米黑色簽字筆書寫在答題卡的對應(yīng)框內(nèi)，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試題卷上答題無效。3.考試結(jié)束后將答題卡收回。第一部分聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共5小題：每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來回答有關(guān)小題并閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Howwillthewomanpay?A.Incash. B.Bycheque. C.Bycreditcard.2.WhatinstrumentdoesHarryplay?A.Thepiano. B.Theguitar. C.Theviolin.3.WhatwilltheboydoatschoolonTuesday?A.Playfootball. B.Swim. C.Practicesinging.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Onaship. B.Onatrain. C.Onaplane.5.Whatdoesthemanimply?A.Theyshouldn'tgivethematerialtocustomers.B.Itisbettertoreadthematerialoncemore.C.Thematerialmayhurtthecustomer.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分)聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent. B.Classmates. C.Tourguideandtourist.7.Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheexhibition?A.Ordinary. B.Boring. C.Enjoyable.聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.WhatdidJackdothismorning?A.Hetookamathtest. B.Hevisitedavolcano.C.Hedidanexperiment.9.WhatdoesJack'sdadusuallydoatweekends?A.He'sbusywithofficeaffairs. B.Hegoestothelibraryalone.C.Hestaysathomeandreads.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.Howtoholdawedding. B.Whattobuyforawedding.C.Whentoattendawedding.11.Whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?A.SheknewlittleaboutJill. B.ShewenttouniversitywithTony.C.SheknowsTonyandJillbetter.12.Whatkindofweddingdoesthewomanlike?A.Abigone. B.Asmallone. C.Anamusingone.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whydoesthemanplantogotoanightmarketthisweekend?A.Hewantstobuysomesecondhandthings.B.Hedecidestobuysomebig-ticketitems.C.Hethinksitamazingtoeatandbargainthere.14.WhatdoWesternersbargainaboutaccordingtotheman?A.Dailysupplies. B.Necessaryitems. C.High-valueproducts.15.Whatisthedifferencebetweenanightmarketandafleamarket?A.Fleamarketsareheldinthedaytimeonly.B.Fleamarketsonlyprovideusedthings.C.Nightmarketsonlyhappenonweekends.16.Whatdoesthewomanmeanattheendoftheconversation?A.Trashandtreasuregohandinhand.B.Differentpeoplehavedifferentneeds.C.Trashisequaltotreasuretoadegree.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Givingtravelingtips. B.Introducingauniversity.C.Presentingatourplan.18.Whatshouldthelistenersavoiddoing?A.Makingphonecalls. B.Askingquestions.C.Takingphotos.19.Whatcanthelistenersdoafterlunch?A.Readbooks. B.Buygifts.C.Visitthestudentcenter.20.Whatcanthelistenersdobeforethetour?A.Takeawalk. B.Visitstudentdormitories.C.Haveacoffee.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AGeoRutherford'sshortvideoseries"ScaryLakes"hasbecomeahugehit,receivingover70millionlikesand1.7millionfollowers.Inherexploration,sherevealsthescarinesswithinlakesthatcomesfromnaturalelementsratherthanfictionalmonsters.Let'sexploresomeoftheremarkablelakesshefeatures:LakeBaikal,SiberianRussiaIt'stheworld'soldestanddeepestfreshwaterlake.Withmorethan300riversflowingintoit,onemightexpectittobefilledwithsediment(沉淀物),butit'slocatedonavalleythat'spullingapart.Thevalley'smovementcausesthesedimenttobedrawnintotheEarth,maintainingthelake'sgreatdepth.Theactualbottomofthevalleythatcontainsthislakeispotentiallyoneofthedeepestintheworld.LakeVostok,AntarcticaIt'sundertwomilesofice.It'safascinatingplacethatwecan'tpossiblyimagine.Formorethan20years,Russianscientiststriedtodrillaholedowntothislake.Russianscouldbarelyreachitproperlybecausewhentheydigtheicetothelake,thewaterflowsbackintotheholeandfreezes.LakeSuperior,UnitedStatesLakeSuperiorisdifferentfromtheotherGreatLakesbecauseofitslateseasonstorms.InNovember,therearethesecrazysnowstormsthatmakeshipsdisappearunderthesurface.Eventhoughit'sonly500feetbelowthesurface,you'renotallowedtovisititbecauseitcanbeconsideredaburyyardforthosewhodiedthere.21.WhatpreventsLakeBaikalfrombeingfilledwithsediment?A.Thedepthofthelake.B.Theflowingrateofthelakewater.C.Thelocationonamovingvalley.D.Thestrongwaterflowofthe300rivers.22.WhatmakesLakeSuperiordifferentfromtheotherGreatLakes?A.Itssurface. B.Itssnowstorms.C.Thesunkship. D.Aburyyard.23.Wheremightthepassagebefrom?A.Anaturemagazine. B.Atravelbrochure.C.Aresearchpaper. D.Asciencefiction.BIt'sbeenaveryhardandemotionalyearforme.Mymumhadbeenillfor6yearsandoverthattimesheandIwenttocountlesstreatmentsandsurgeries.Shebattledthroughthemallwithsomuchgraceandseemedtobeateachnewcancerthatpoppedup.Butthisyearwasdifferent.Thingschangeddramaticallyandshelostherbattleafter4veryintenseandexhaustingmonths.DuringthetimemyhusbandandIwerecaringforher,mypooroldcardevelopedproblemstoo.IpusheditformonthssinceIdidn'thavetimetobeofftheroad.Longstoryshort,anewlightappeared.Thisonewastheenginelight.IwasnolongerneedingmycarthewayIhadsoIdecidedtocallmyrepairmanaboutit.Heaskedmetobringthecarinthenextmorning.WhenIarrived,hesawmeparkingfromtheofficeandimmediatelystoppedwhathewasdoingandcameout.I'dexpectedtowaitinsidewhilehefinishedwhathewasdoingbutherecognizedmycarandcametome.IaskedhimhowhewasasI'dnotseenhimin6monthsormore.Hetoldmehowbusyitwas.Butwhenheaskedme,Iimmediatelystartedtowellup.HelookedatmeandItoldhimithadbeenaheartbreakingyear.HetoldmeaboutlosinghisgrandparentssoIsharedaswell.Hegavemethenotsogreatdiagnosisofmycar,toldmetokeepaneyeonit,touchedmyarmandgavemeahug.Hissmallactofkindnesswasgivingmehisattention,somethingheprobablythoughtnothingof,buttome,itwashuge.Hisgenuinecareandconcerngavemeaglimmeroflightduringatimewhenlifewasfeelingsodark.24.Whatwasthemainchallengetheauthorfacedthisyear?A.Losinghermother. B.Struggleswithhealth.C.Problemswiththecar. D.Facingfinancialstress.25.Whydidtheauthorputoffrepairinghercar?A.Shedidn'ttrusttherepairman'stechniques.B.Shecouldn'taffordtorepairitatthetime.C.Shecouldn'tfindtimeduetofamilyduties.D.Shedidn'ttaketheproblemseriously.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase"wellup"inParagraph4probablymean?A.Burstoutlaughing. B.Getextremelyfrightened.C.Becometearful. D.Feelsuddenlyenergetic.27.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.Takingresponsibilitiescanbeastressfulthing.B.Life'schallengesoftencomefromunexpectedsituations.C.Buildingstrongrelationshipshelpssolveproblems.D.Actsofkindnesscanprovidecomfortduringdifficulttimes.CIt'soneoftheultimatetestsofwillpower:you'vebeenwanderingaroundthemarketforhoursandyou'retiredandhungry.Thenyoucatchasmellofsomethingfragrant(香的)anddelicious,probablyfriedandalmostcertainlyfattening.Junkfoodcompaniesarewellawarethatthesmelloftheirproductsetsoffadesireinyourbrainandthatyou'llpayforthatlater.Itisaresponsethathasbeenresearched,andyou'dbetterbelieveyourfavoritefast-foodchainshavemarketingteamsthatareusingthatresearchtotheiradvantage.Let'stakeacloserlookatthisprocess.Haveyouevernoticedthatwhateverindulgentfood(放縱型食品)catchesyourattentiontendstobemostappealingjustafteryoufirstsmellit?Acoupleofminuteslateryouarestandinginline,anditisn'tquiteinviting(誘人的)asitwasjustmomentsago,butnowyou'veinvestedtime,soyoutrustyourfirstfeelingtotreatyourself.Butarecentstatementsaysthatthisisactuallytherightmomenttowalkaway.DipayanBiswas,amarketingprofessor,foundthereisadirectconnectionbetweenhowlongapersonisexposedtoindulgentfoodsmellsandchoosinghealthierfoods."Theresultsofaseriesofexperimentsshowthatextendedexposureofmorethantwominutestojunkfoodsmellsleadstofewerpurchasesofunhealthyfoodscomparedwithnosmelloranon-junk-food-relatedsmell,"readsthesummaryofhisstudy.Whatappearstobegoingonhereisthatthebraindoesn'tnecessarilydistinguishbetweenapleasurablesmellandapleasanttaste."Extendedexposuretoanindulgentfoodsmellbringspleasureinthemind,whichinturnreducesthedesireforactualconsumptionofindulgentfoods,"heexplains.Sonexttimeyoufeelyoudon'thavethewillpowertoresistcookies,smellallthatsweetnessforjustaminuteortwo.Toyourbrainit'sthesameasactuallyeatingcookies,andthepurchasedesirewoulddecrease.28.Whatcanwelearnaboutjunkfoodsmellsfromthefirstparagraph?A.Theycanmakeadifferenceinmarketing.B.Theyhardlyaffectpeople'sfoodchoices.C.Theyareunlikelytofoolwisecustomers.D.Theyfinallydecreasepeople'spurchasedesire.29.Whatdoesthesecondparagraphbasicallyserveas?A.Anargument. B.Anexample.C.Acomparison. D.Acomment.30.WhichstatementwillBiswasprobablyagreewith?A.Thebraincan'ttellwheresensorypleasureisfrom.B.Thesensesoftasteandsmellarecloselylinked.C.Theinfluenceoffoodsmellschangesovertime.D.Thebehaviorofsmellingfooddoesn'tequaleatingit.31.Whichofthefollowingcouldthebesttitleforthetext?A.TrainYourBraintoResistJunkFoodB.WatchOutforTrickyMarketingToolsC.FoodAddictionIsNeverAboutWillpowerD.SmellingJunkFoodLongerCanKeepYouOffItDTworesearcherswereawardedtheNobelPrizeinphysicsonOct.8,2024,fortheirpioneeringworkinthefieldofartificialneural(神經(jīng)的)networks.Thoughartificialneuralnetworksaremodeledonbiologicalneuralnetworks,bothresearchers'workdrewonstatisticalphysics,thereforetheprizeinphysics.ThephysicistJohnHopfieldusedideasfromphysicstostudyaparticulartypeofneuralnetwork,nowcalledtheHopfieldnetwork.Inparticular,hestudiedwhathappenstothenetworkovertime.Duringthe1980s,GeoffreyHintonandhiscolleaguesbuiltonHopfield'sideastocreateanewclassofmodel.UnlikeHopfieldnetworksthatcouldstorepatternsandcorrecterrorsinpatterns,thenewmodelcouldgeneratenewpatterns,therebyplantingtheseedsofthemoderngenerativeAIrevolution.Hintonwasalsopartofanotherbreakthroughthathappenedinthe1980s,whichisakeyalgorithm(算法)thatmakesitpossibletoselectweightsbasedontheperformanceofthenetworkonatrainingdataset.However,itremainedchallengingtotrainartificialneuralnetworkswithmanylayers.Inthe2000s,Hintonandhisco-workerscleverlydiscoveredanapproach,andthedeeplearningrevolutionhadbegun.TheNobelPrizeinphysicsshowshowideasfromphysicscontributedtotheriseofdeepearning.Nowdeeplearninghasbeguntopaybacktophysicsbyenablingaccurateandfastsimulations(模擬)ofsystemsrangingfrommolecules(分子)andmaterialsallthewaytotheentireEarth'sclimate.ByawardingtheNobelPrizeinphysicstoHopfieldandHinton,theprizecommitteehassignaleditshopeinhumanity'spotentialtousetheseadvancestopromotehumanwellbeingandtobuildasustainableworld.32.WhywerethetwoscientistsawardedtheNoblePrizeinphysics?A.Theydiscoveredneuralnetworks.B.Theyinventedartificialneuralnetworks.C.Theyareexcellentexpertsinstatisticalphysics.D.Theyusedmethodsinphysicstostudyartificialneuralnetworks.33.Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A.GeoffreyHinton'sresearch.B.JohnHopfield'sachievement.C.HowmoderngenerativeAIrevolutionbegan.D.ThecooperationbetweenJohnHopfieldandGeoffreyHinton.34.Whathasledtothedeeplearningrevolutionaccordingtothepassage?A.Decidingonatrainingdataset.B.Trainingartificialneuralnetworks.C.Hinton'sbreakthroughinthe1980s.D.Findingawaytotrainmulti-layerartificialneuralnetworks.35.WhatmaybetheinfluenceofawardingtheNobelPrizeinphysicstoHopfieldandHinton?A.Simulationsofsystemswillbemoreaccurate.B.PeoplewillemploythedevelopmenttobenefittheEarth.C.Morepeoplewillbeinterestedinstudyingphysics.D.Deeplearningwillplayamoreimportantroleinourlife.第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Asmuchas80percentofpremature(提前的)heartdiseaseispreventablebymakingspecificlifestylechoices.Somestrategies,suchasexercisingandmanagingweight,arewellknown.36Asexpertspointedout,asmallchangeinyoureverydayroutinecanpotentiallyhaveabigimpactinthelongrun.Geteighthoursofsleep.Whenyou'renotrested,everythingthathappensinyourlifeisalotmorestressful.Ifyouarelackinginsleep,ourbodiesalsohavemoredifficultycontrollingbloodpressure,inflammation(炎癥)andsugarlevels.37Engageinvolunteerwork.38Also,lonelinessisariskfactorforhearthealth.Luckily,volunteeringgetsyououtofthehouseandcreatesasocialnetwork.Inthemeanwhileitgivesyouafeelingofpurposeinlife,whichislinkedtoalowerpossibilityofheartattackandstroke.39Exposuretothiskindofpollutionovertimeraisesyourriskofheartdisease.Evenshortperiodsofexposureareunhealthyforpeoplewhoalreadyhaveotherhealthyrisks,suchashighbloodpressuresTrytogetyouroutdoorexercisefarawayfromhighwaysandindustrialdistricts,andspendmoretimeindoorswhentheairqualityinsideispoor.Eatbreakfast.Arecentstudyfoundthathealthypeoplewhodidn'thavebreakfastwerealmostthreetimesmorelikelytohaveheartdiseasesixyearslaterthanthosewhoatealargemorningmeal.Ifyou'reeatingaproperbreakfast,you'relesslikelytobehungrylaterandmakepoorfoodchoices.40Choosewhole-grain,low-fatbreakfastfoodsandincludefruit.A.Avoidpollutedair.B.Engageinindooractivities.C.Thesestrategiesarebeneficialtoourhealth.D.Butothersmaybelessfamiliartoyou.E.Weneedtoeatabalanceddietaspartofahealthylifestyle.F.Thesefactorscanallhaveanimpactonthefunctionofheart.G.Doinggoodforothershelpsincreaseyourself-worthandrelievesstress.第三部分語言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Miloisadog,adoptedby20-year-oldMakaylaSwiftfromananimalshelter.OnemorninginNovember2021,SwiftopenedherfrontdoorinSilverSpring,Maryland,andMiloimmediately41tothehouseacrossthestreet.Miloseemed42,soherantotheonenextdoor,Swiftonhistail."Hestartedscratching(抓)thefrontdoor,"Swiftsays."I'mthinking,whyisheinsistentlytryingto43herhouse?"Shewasembarrassedfornoteveryonewantsa(n)44dogtoleavemarksontheirproperty.ButasshetriedtodragMiloaway,shecouldhearavoiceyelling"help"comingthroughanopenupstairswindow.Hours45,around4a.m.,SherryStarrhadrisenfromherbed."Allofasudden,standingtherebetweenthetoiletandthetub,I46,"shesays."Islumpedonthefloor."Starris85."Icouldnotmoveatall",saysStarr,whowas47betweenthetoiletandthetub.Starrwasscaredandthoughtshewasgoingtodiethere.Herbest48,shedecided,wastolistenforthelettercarrierintheafternoonandscream.Forthenext-fewhours,Starrpracticedyelling:"Help!Help!Help!""Hervoicewasvery49,"saysSwift."YouhadtoberightatthefrontdoortohearMrs.Starryellforhelp50youwereMilo,thedog."It51heardStarrtheinstantSwiftopenedherownfrontdoor.Swiftcalled911.Rescuersthoughtthey'dhavetobreakdownthetoiletto52Starr,buttheygaveonelastpull—andoutshepopped.Thoughinjured,Starr53atriptothehospital.Swifthasknownhershareof54forlivingalone.Twoyearsago,hermotherdied.ShesaysMilohashelpedherwithhergrieftoo."Thatdogisa55,"shesays.41.A.ran B.walked C.leaned D.wandered42.A.anxious B.terrified C.embarrassed D.excited43.A.settingoff B.turningover C.keepingoff D.breakinginto44.A.adorable B.strange C.angry D.reliable45.A.later B.earlier C.on D.away46.A.jumped B.hesitated C.slipped D.swept47.A.lost B.tired C.stuck D.secured48.A.bet B.interaction C.result D.prediction49.A.loud B.faint C.special D.distinct50.A.if B.though C.as D.unless51.A.ultimately B.quietly C.gradually D.accurately52.A.edge B.detect C.remove D.observe53.A.took B.favored C.obeyed D.declined54.A.barrier B.passion C.suffering D.pressure55.A.blessing B.danger C.bother D.pleasure第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Askullofthedinosaur,namedGuemesiaochoai,wasdiscoveredinArgentina.Researcherssaiditlikelybelongstoameat-eating,orcarnivorous,groupofdinosaurs56(call)abelisaurs.Thesedinosaurswalkedontwolegsandhadveryshortarms,even57(short)thanthoseofNorthAmerica'sTyrannosaurusrex.TheshortarmsmayhaveforcedGuemesia58(depend)moreonitspowerfulskullandjaws."Guemesiaissodifferent59othermeat-eatingdinosaurs,whichallowsustounderstandthatwe'redealingwitha60(total)newspecies,"saidAgnolinFederico,theleadwriterofastudyonthedinosaurthatwaspublishedintheJournalofVertebratePaleontology.Theanimalsexistedforafewmillionyearsbefore61asteroid(小行星)hitwhatisnowMexico'sYucatanpeninsula.Thatevent,about66millionsyearsago,ledtoaseriesof62(disaster)thatkilledallthedinosaursandmanyotheranimals.Intotal,about20percentofEarth'spopulation63(destroy)asaresultoftheasteroid.ScientistsbelieveabelisaurslivedonwhatisnowAfrica,SouthAmericaandIndia.SeveralabelisaurshavebeendugupinArgentinainthepastbutalmostallofthemwereinsouthernPatagonia,farfromthesite64Guemesiawasfound.GuemesiatakesitsnamefromArgentineindependenceheroMartinMigueldeGuemesandJavierOchoa,amuseumworkerwhomadethe65(discover).第四部分寫作(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)假如你是李華，學(xué)校英語廣播社邀請你做一個關(guān)于“運(yùn)動與健康”的演講，請你以ExerciseandHealth為題寫一篇演講稿，呼吁同學(xué)們積極參加運(yùn)動。內(nèi)容包含：1.當(dāng)前學(xué)生的身體素質(zhì)現(xiàn)狀；2.運(yùn)動的好處；3.呼吁大家多鍛煉。注意：詞數(shù)80左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，但不計(jì)入總詞數(shù))；可適當(dāng)增添細(xì)節(jié)。ExerciseandHealthDearfellowstudents,________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________That'sall.Thankyou!第二節(jié)(滿分25分)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Itwasmyfirstweekinthebigcity,stayingwithmy-Aunt-Mary.Everythingfeltboring—thetoweringbuildings,theconstantnoise,andtheendlessstreamsofpeople.Imissedthequiet,familiarfieldsofmycountrysidehome.Thatmorning,AuntMarydecidedtotakemetoadowntownsupermarke