專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷28（共

9套）

（共198題）

專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷第1套

一、選擇題（本題共14題，每題1.0分，共分。）

Inlastweek'sTribune,therewasaninterestingletterfromMr.J.StewartCook,inwhich

hesuggestedthatthebestwayofavoidingthedangerofa"scientifichierarchy"wouldbe

toseetoitthateverymemberofthegeneralpublicwas,asfaraspossible,scientifically

educated.Atthesametime,scientistsshouldbebroughtoutoftheirisolationand

encouragedtotakeagreaterpartinpoliticsandadministration.Asageneralstatement,I

thinkmostofuswouldagreewiththis,butInoticethat,asusual,Mr.Cookdoesnot

definescience,andmerelyimpliesinpassingthatitmeanscertainexactscienceswhose

experimentscanbemadeunderlaboratoryconditions.Thus,adulteducationtends"to

neglectscientificstudiesinfavorofliterary,economicandsocialsubjects'*,economics

andsociologynotbeingregardedasbranchesofscience,apparently.Thispointisof

greatimportance.Forthewordscienceisatpresentusedinatleasttwomeanings,butthe

wholequestionofscientificeducationisobscuredbythecurrenttendencytododgefrom

onemeaningtotheother.Scienceisgenerallytakenasmeaningeithcr（a）theexact

sciences,suchaschemistry,physics,etc.,or（b）amethodofthoughtwhichobtains

verifiableresultsbyreasoninglogicallyfromobservedfact.Ifyouaskanyscientist,or

indeedalmostanyeducatedperson,"Whatisscience?"youarelikelytogetananswer

approximatingto（b）.Ineverydaylife,however,bothinspeakingandinwriting,when

peoplesaynscience"theymean（a）.Sciencemeanssomethingthathappensinalaboratory:

test-tubes,balances,Bunsenburners,microscopes.Abiologist,anastronomer,perhapsa

psychologistoramathematician,isdescribedasa"manofscience":noonewouldthink

ofapplyingthistermtoastatesman,apoet,ajournalistorevenaphilosopher.Andthose

whotellusthattheyoungmustbescientificallyeducatedmean,almostinvariably,that

theyshouldbetaughtmoreaboutradioactivity,orthestars,orthephysiologyoftheir

ownbodies,ratherthanthattheyshouldbetaughttothinkmoreexactly.Thisconfusion

ofmeaning,whichispartlydeliberate,hasinitagreatdanger.Impliedinthedemandfor

morescientificeducationistheclaimthatifonehasbeenscientificallytrainedone's

approachtoallsubjectswillbemoreintelligentthanifonehadhadnosuchtraining.A

scientist'spoliticalopinions,itisassumed,hisopinionsonsociologicalquestions,on

morals,onphilosophy,perhapsevenonthearts,willbemorevaluablethanthoseofa

layman.Buta"scientist",aswehavejustseen,meansinpracticeaspecialistinoneofthe

exactsciences.Itfollowsthatachemistorphysicist,assuch,ispoliticallymore

intelligentthanapoetoralawyer.And,infact,therearealreadymillionsofpeoplewho

dobelievethis.Butisitreallytruethata"scientist",inthisnarrowersense,isanylikelier

thanotherpeopletoapproachnon-scientificproblemsinanobjectiveway?Thereisnot

muchreasonforflunkingso.Takeonesimpletest-theabilitytowithstandnationalism.

Itisoftenlooselysaidthat"Scienceisinternational",butinpracticethescientific

workersofallcountrieslineupbehindtheirowngovernmentswithfewerscruplesthan

arefeltbythewritersandtheartists.TheGermanscientificcommunity,asawhole,made

noresistancetoHitler.Therewereplentyofgiftedmentodothenecessaryresearchon

suchthingsassyntheticoil,jetplanes,rocketprojectilesandtheatomicbomb.Onthe

otherhand,whathappenedtoGermanliteraturewhentheNaziscametopower?Ibelieve

noexhaustivelistshavebeenpublished,butIimagine(hatthenumberofGerman

scientists-Jewapart—whovoluntarilyexiledthemselvesorwerepersecutedbythe

regimewasmuchsmallerthanthenumberofwritersandjournalists.Moresinisterthan

this,anumberofGermanscientistsswallowedthemonstrosityof"racialscience".But

docsthismeanthatthegeneralpublicshouldnotbemorescientificallyeducated?Onthe

contrary!Allitmeansisthatscientificeducationforthemasseswilldolittlegood,and

probablyalotofharm,ifitsimplyboilsdowntomorephysics,morechemistry,more

biology,etc.tothedetrimentofliteratureandhistory.Itsprobableeffectontheaverage

humanbeingwouldbetonarrowtherangeofhisthoughtsandmakehimmorethanever

contemptuousofsuchknowledgeashedidnotpossess:andhispoliticalreactionswould

probablybesomewhatlessintelligentthanthoseofanilliteratepeasantwhoretaineda

fewhistoricalmemoriesandafairlysoundaestheticsense.Clearly,scientificeducation

oughttomeantheimplantingofarational,skeptical,experimentalhabitofmind.Itought

tomeanacquiringamethod-amethodthatcanbeusedonanyproblemthatone

meets—andnotsimplypilingupalotoffacts.Putitinthosewords,andtheapologistof

scientificeducationwillusuallyagree.Presshimfurther,askhimtoparticularize,and

somehowitalwaysturnsoutthatscientificeducationmeansmoreattentiontotheexact

sciences,inotherwords—morefacts.Theideathatsciencemeansawayoflookingatthe

world,andnotsimplyabodyofknowledge,isinpracticestronglyresisted.Ithinksheer

professionaljealousyispartofthereasonforthis.

1、Weknowfromthesecondparagraphthattheauthorconsidersthepresentdefinition

oftheword"science".

A、ambiguous

B、ambivalent

C^questionable

D、inappropriate

標準答案：A

知識點解析：推斷題。第二段第二至四句指出，成人教育往往會“忽視那些有利于

文學、經(jīng)濟學和社會學科的研究”，很顯然，經(jīng)濟學和社會學并沒有被看作是科學

的分支。這一點非常重要?！翱茖W”這個詞至少有兩重意思，但是目前這種只重視一

種含義而回避另一種含義的趨勢使得整個科學教育的問題變得含混不清。可見，作

者認為“科學”的定義含混不清，故［A］為答案。

2、Whenpeoplearetalkingaboutscience,theymayNOTreferlo.

A^physics

B、physiology

C、philosophy

D、psychology

標準答案：C

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第四段第四句指出，生物學家、天文學家或者心理學家、數(shù)

學家都可以被稱為“科學工作者”，但沒有人會想把這個稱呼用在政治家、詩人、記

者乃至于哲學家身上。由此可知，日常生活中，人們不認為哲學屬于科學的范疇，

物理學雖然沒有明確提及，但它是基于實驗基礎(chǔ)的學科，顯然也屬于人們通常認為

的科學范疇，故選［0。

3、WhichofthefollowingisINCORRECTasregardsscientists?

A、Manypeopleassumethatscientistscandowellinhandlingpoliticalaffairs.

B、Germanscientistsdidresearchonatomicbombs.

C、Generallypeopledon'tregardaneconomistasascientist.

D、Scientistspreferlaboratoryworktoadministration.

標準答案：D

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第五段最后兩句指出，那么接下去的推論就是，一個化學家

或物理學家，或者其他類似的科學家在政治上要比詩人或律師更有智慧。事實上，

已經(jīng)有數(shù)以百萬計的人對此深信不疑，故［A］符合文意：第六段最后一句指出，始

終有許多才俊之士在對合成油料、噴氣飛機、火箭和原子彈之類做必要的研究，故

［B］符合文意；第二段第二句指出，成人教育往往會“忽視那些有利于文學、經(jīng)濟學

和社會學科的研究”，很顯然，經(jīng)濟學和社會學并沒有被看作是科學的分支，故［C］

符合文意。只有［D］在文中沒有提及，故為答案。

4、TheauthorcontrastsGermansciencewithGermanliteraturetosupporthisviewpoint

that,.

Germanliteraturehaslongbeenpersecutedbythegovernment

B、writersarethemostdisruptiveforceofagovernment

C^scientistsaremoreinclinedtosupporttheirgovernmentsthanwriters

D、Germanscientistsshouldnotbeonthesideoftheracists

標準答案：c

知識點。析：推斷題。第六段第四句指出，人們常籠統(tǒng)地說“科學無國界“，但實際

上，所有國家的科學工作者比起作家和藝術(shù)家而言，在追隨本國政府方面顧忌更

少。顯然在隨后兩段中作者闡述德國科學家和藝術(shù)家的例子是為了說明上面的觀

點，故［C］為答案。雖然第七段中提到了德國文學家受到迫害，但這是支持觀點的

細節(jié)，而非觀點，因此排除［A］；［B］雖然屬于觀點，但不是作者在將德國科學家和

文學家進行對比論述時支持的論點，故排除；同理可以排除［D］。

5、Thepassagecanbebestsummarizedas.

A、contrastingsciencewithliterature

B>explainingwhatscienceis

C>givingabetterdefinitionofscience

D^pointingoutpeople'smisunderstandingofscience

標準答案：B

知識點解析：主旨題。開篇以一封來信指出目前“科學”一詞至少有兩重意思，在給

出“科學”的兩個定義后，闡釋常人對科學定義的錯誤認識，這種錯誤認識包含極大

的危險，普通大眾應該得到更多的科學教育，但科學教育不能僅落腳于削弱文學和

歷史而強化物理、化學和生物等?？茖W教育應當是指培養(yǎng)一種理性的、懷疑的、實

驗的思維習慣。顯然全文的焦點在于科學的定義，通過具體闡述什么是科學，給出

自己的建議，故|B|為答案。［Ah|D］都是文章的部分內(nèi)容，不全面；文中說人們

對科學的兩個定義認識不清，并沒說定義本身有問題，排除［C］。

AsIwrite,agentle,muchneededrainisfallingthismorning.Ithasbeenadryspring

hereinVermont.Sodryinfact,thattheSpringPeeperswerelateenoughincomingthat

manythoughtthattheseamazinglittlefrogswouldfailtoblessuswiththeirsongthis

year.Buttheycame,andIcan'tfaultthemforbeingtardy.Inalmostanyseasonal

wetlandinthestatethesefrogscanbeheard.Theyareasignofspring,andofrebirthand

renewal.IlislateJuneandthemountainsnowhasleftihehigherslopesofthemouniains.

Folkshaveplantedtheirgardens,eventhoughthereisstillthethreatoffrost.Yes,itis

almostJuly,yetintheeveningshere,thethermometercanstillsometimesclipintothe

low-thirtiesthistimeofyear.Myfamilyplantedourgardenduringthelastweekendof

May,andfrostcametwicesincethen,luckilynotakillingfrost.Butotherswerenotso

lucky.Thereisaveryambitiousgardenerinthevillagethatlostmostofhisnon-hardy

plantsthisyear.Thereisasawinthisstate:*'ifyoudon'tliketheweather,waitfive

minutes."Thisspringhasdemonstratedthevalidityofthisoldsaying.Twicethisspring

ithasbeenwarmenoughinthedaythatmyfamilywentswimming,buttherewasfrost

onthegroundthenextmorning.Ienjoythejuxtapositionofthevagariesoftheclimate

andthesteadyrhythmsoflifehere.Folkshavebeentendingtothechoresofspringfor

generations,knowingfullwellthattheyreallycan'tdependuponthehandthatnaturewill

dealthem.PlantingagardeninVermontamountstoanactoffaith.Willoursweatand

toilberewardedbyabundanceenoughtosharewithourfriendsandextendedfamilies,or

willakillingfrostrendertheseeffortsexercisesinfutility?AndIhaveplantedmorethan

agardenthisyear.Myfamilywasrecentlyfacedwithatoughdecision,doweleavethis

placeandthepeoplewhomwehavecometoknowandlove,ordowestayandmakea

commitment?Well,wehavedecidedthatthisiswherewewillmakeourstand.Along

withourlittlegarden,thisyearwehaveplantedourselves.Andthisisnolessanactof

faiththantheonementionedabove.Willmyfamilybeblessedwiththatwhichisneeded

togrowandflourish.Wehavenowayofknowingthis.,.butwcdohavefaith.Therain

hasstoppedandthesunisshining.Strongwindshaveblownthecloudcoveraway.Itisa

beautifulday.Vermontgardening.Thereisanothersayingamongfarmershere:"thereis

nobetterfertilizerthanafarmer'sfootprints.nTomethismeansthatwhichisplanted

mustberevisitedoften.Thegardenmustbenurturedandtended.Itmustbecaredfor

withlove.Itseemstomethatthisappliestoourlivesaswell.Hopesanddreamsand

aspirationsmustberevisitedoftenlestwelosesightofthethingsthatarereallyimportant

tous.Commitmentsmustbetendedtoascarefullyasanygardenplot.Butaswith

gardening,therearcnoguarantees.Butthereisfaith,andtodayisabeautifulday.

6、Inthesecondparagraph,theauthorseemstoindicatethat.

A>peopleshouldn'thaveplantedtheirgardensinJune

B、hewasnotluckytohavemissedakillingfrost

C、thepresenttemperatureseemstobealittlelowerthanusual

D、heregretsthathedidn'tbelieveintheoldsaying

標準答案：c

知識點3析：推斷題。第二段第三句指出，雖然快到七月份了，但是在這個季節(jié)，

晚上的溫度有時仍然會降到華氏3U度以下。由此可以判斷這里在暗示''現(xiàn)在的氣溫

比正常情況低”，故答案為［0。該段第二句指出，盡管面臨霜凍的威脅，人們還是

在繼續(xù)種植花園，因此排除［A］；［B］”他不走運，沒有躲開一次大霜凍”，與原文意

思相反，故排除；第二段倒數(shù)第三句提到了一句古老的諺語，作者肯定了該諺語的

正確性，但沒有表達后悔之意，故排除［D］。

7、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsplantinggardensisallofthefollowing

EXCEPT.

A、joyful

R、hopeful

C^realistic

D、ecstatic

標準答案：D

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。第三段首句指出，作者很享受這里變化無常的氣候與穩(wěn)定的

生活節(jié)奏并存的情形。由此可知，作者對在佛蒙特州種植花園感到快樂，故排除

［A］；第三段第二句指出，人們世世代代習慣了春天的勞作，完全知道他們不能僅

僅依賴自然賦予的運氣。由此可知，作者對種植花園的態(tài)度非常務(wù)實，故排除

IC］；第四段最后四句描寫到，雨停了，艷陽高照，風吹散了積云。這是美好的一

天，適合在佛蒙特州種植花園。由此可知，作者內(nèi)心對種植庭園充滿了希望，故排

除［B］。［D/欣喜若狂的”屬于過度推斷，故為答案。

8、Inthepassage,islikenedtoplantingagarden.

A、fulfillingambition

B、makingacontribution

C、havingfaith

D、offeringaguarantee

標準答案：A

知識點腦析：推斷題。末段中間指出，花園需要培育和護理，需要關(guān)愛。作者認

為，這也適用于我們的生活。我們必須時常溫習自己的希望、夢想、抱負，以免忽

略了生活中那些對我們來說重要的東西。可見，作者將實現(xiàn)人生理想的過程比作種

植花園,故答案為［A］,排除［C］和［D］。末段提到了“commitment（承諾戶,但沒有提

到“contribution"，排除［B］。

Afterthirtyyearsofmarriedhappiness,hecouldstillremindhimselfthatVictoriawas

endowedwitheverycharmexceptthethrillingtouchofhumanfrailty.Thoughher

perfectiondiscouragedpleasures,especiallythepleasuresoflove,hehadlearnedintime

tofeeltheprideofahusbandinhernaturalfrigidity.Forhestillclung,amidthedecayof

moralplatitudes,tothediscreditedidealofchivalry.Inhisyouththeworldwassuffused

withtheafter-glowofthelongVictorianage,andagracefulfemininestylehadsoftened

themanners,ifnotthenatures,ofmen.Attheendofthatinterestingepoch,when

womanhoodwasexaltedfromabiologicalfactintoamiraculouspower,Virginius

littlcpage,theyoungersonofanoldandaffluentfamily,hadmarriedVictoriaBrooke,

thegranddaughterofatobaccoplanter,whohadmadeasatisfactoryfortunebyforsaking

hisplantationandconvertingtobaccointocigarettes.WhileVirginiushadbeentrainedby

sterntraditiontorespecteverywomanwhohadnotstoopedtofolly,thevirtuepeculiarto

hersexwasamongtheleastofhisreasonsforadmiringVictoria.Shewasnotonly

modest,whichwasusualinthenineties,butshewasbeautiful,whichisunusualinany

decade.Inthebeginningoftheiracquaintancehehadgoneevenfurtherandascribed

intellecttoher:butafewmonthsofmarriagehadshownthistobemerelyoneofthe

manydelusionscreatedbyperfectfeaturesandnobleexpression.Evciythingabouther

hadbeensmoothanddefinite,eventhetonesofhervoiceandthewayherlightbrown

hair,whichsheworeaPompadour,wasrolledstifflybackfromherforeheadandcoiled

inaburnishedropeonthetopofherhead.Aseriousyoungman,ambitioustoattaina

placeintheworldmorebrilliantthanthesecludedseatofhisancestors,hehadbeen

impressedattheirfirstmeetingbythecompactnessandprecisionofVictoria'sorderly

mind.Forinthatearnestperiodtheminds,aswellastheemotions,ofloverswere

orderly.ItwasanagewheneageryoungmenflockedtochurchonSundaymorning,and

eloquentdivinesdiscoursedupontheVictorianpoetsinthemiddleoftheweek.Hecould

affordtosmilenowwhenherecalledthesolemnBrowningclassinwhichhehadfirst

losthisheart.HowpassionatelyhehadadmiredVictoria'svirginalfeatures!How

ferventlyhehadenviedhercompetentbutcaressingwaywiththepoet!Incredibleasit

seemedtohimnow,hehadfalleninlovewithherwhilesherecitedfromthemore

ponderouspassagesinTheRingandtheBook.Hehadfalleninlovewithherthen,

thoughhehadneverreallyenjoyedBrowning,andithadbeenarelieftohimwhenthe

Unseen,incompanywithitsillustriouspoet,hadatlastgoneoutoffashion.Yet,sincehe

wasdisposedtoadmireallthequalitieshedidnotpossess,hehadneverceasedtorespect

thefirmnesswithwhichVictoriacontinuedtodealinotherformswiththeAbsolute.As

theplacidyearspassed,andshecametorelylessuponhervirginalfeatures,itseemedto

himthattheripeopinionsofheryouthbegantoshrinkandflattenasfruitdoesthathas

hungtoolongonthetree.Shehadneverchanged,herealized,sincehehadfirstknown

her:shehadbecomemerelyriper,softer,andsweeterinnature.Heradvantagerested

whereadvantageneverfailstorest,inmoralfervour.Tobeinvariablyrightwasher

singlewifelyfailing.Forhiswife,hesighed,withthevagueunrestofahusbandwhose

infidelitiesareimaginary,wasagenuinelygoodwoman.Shewasasfarremovedfrom

pretenceasshewasfromtheposturingvirtuesthatflourishinthecredulousworldofthe

drama.Thepityofitwasthateventheleastexactinghusbandshouldsooftendesire

somethingmorepiquantthangoodness.

9、WhenBrowning'spoembecameunpopular,Virginiusfelt.

A、sympathyforit

B、pityforit

C^freefromit

D^annoyedatit

標準答案：c

知識點。析：細節(jié)題。第三段第二句指出，盡管他從來沒有真正喜歡過布朗寧的

詩，他還是在那時愛上了她。當這個杰出的詩人與他的詩《幽冥》終于不再時興的

時候，他感到如釋重負般的輕松。故［C］為答案。

10、Virginiuswouldfeelmoreorlessguiltywhenhe.

A、begantodishkcVictoria^features

B、thoughtaboutVictoria'sperfection

C^fanciedbeingdisloyaltoVictoria

D、triedtofindfaultwithVictoria

標準答案：c

知識點.析：細節(jié)題。末段第三句指出，臆想對妻子有不忠行為的丈夫總會有些惴

惴不安，正是帶著這種不安，他嘆息道，他的妻子是一個真正的好女人。故［C］為

答案。倒數(shù)第二段首句指出，隨著平靜歲月的流逝，維多利亞美麗的容顏開始衰

退。但是作者并未指明她丈夫開始嫌棄她，故排除［A］；雖然弗吉尼亞斯認為“作為

妻子，她唯一的缺點就是能在任何時候都不做錯事'、，但是在這樣想的時候，他沒

有罪惡感，因此排除［B］和［D］。

11、Theword"piquant"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

A、interesting

B、adventurous

C^lofty

D、unusual

標準答案：A

知識點解析：語義題「開篇指出.經(jīng)過了30年的幸?；橐錾钪?他仍能時常

提醒自己，妻子維多利亞除了缺乏那么一點點令人心動的人性脆弱以外，幾乎擁有

一切美妙的品質(zhì)。盡管她的完美減少了他們生活的樂趣，尤其是愛情的樂趣，然而

經(jīng)過長時間的生活，作為丈夫，他漸漸為她天性中的保守感到自豪。末段最后一句

是對首句的呼應：然而遺憾的是，即使是最不苛刻的丈夫也時常會渴望一點

piquant的東西，而不僅僅是善良。從前面可以看出維多利亞缺少的是能讓人感到

有趣的東西，故推測“piquant”的含義為“有趣的"，［A］為答案。

Whomcanyoutrustthesedays?ItisaquestionposedbyDavidHalpernofCambridge

University,andtheresearchersattheDowningStreetStrategyUnitwhotakeaninterest

in"socialcapital".Atintervalstheygoaroundaskingpeopleinassortednationsthe

question:"Generallyspeaking,wouldyousaythatmostpeoplecanbetrusted?'*The

resultsarefascinating.Theconclusionthatleapsfromthefiguresandintosensational

headlinesisthatsocialdislocation,religiousdecline,publicscandals,family

fragmentationandthefearofcrimehavemadeuslesstrusting.Comparativesurveysover

40yearssuggestthatBritishtrustfulnesshashalved:inthe1950s60percentofus

answered"yes,mostpeoplecanbetrusted",inthe1980s44percent,todayonly29

percent.TrustlevelsalsocontinuetofallinIrelandandtheU.S.—meanwhile,the

Norwegians,Swedes,DanesandDutchexpresstremendousconfidenceinoneanother's

probity:levelsareactuallyrising.AndthePalmed'Orforparanoidmutualsuspiciongoes

totheBrazilians—withlessthan3percentreplying"yes"—andtheTurkswith6.5

percent.TheFrench,apparently,nevertrustedoneanotherandstilldon't.Sowebecome

lessScandinavianandmoreFrench(orTurkish)everyyear.RegardingBritain,the

obviousconclusionsarebeingdrawn.Mr.Halpernandotherscitereasonswhyweappear

lesstrustful:thedemiseofthejob-for-lifeculture,risingdivorce,physicalmobility,

higherimmigration,anaggressivecommercialethicandthenewisolationofmassmedia.

"Youuseyourwealthtofreeyourselfoftheinconvenienceofotherpeople,"says

Halpern."Youensureyouhaveyourownhouse,andyoudon'tevenhavetowatchTV

withyourfamilybecauseyouhavefiveTVs."Thisisusefulresearch,butthereareafew

caveats.Thetroubleisthatyoumaynotgetaverythoughtfulanswerifyoumerelyask一

astheydidlastyear-whether"generallyspeaking,mostpeoplecanbetrusted".Forthe

Britishliketothinkofthemselvesascanny,savvy,nobody'sfools.Wehaveapowerful

cultureofsatireandahypercriticalmediawhichgleefullysplashnewsofeveryprivate

andpublicbetrayal,howevertrivial.Inourfantasylifewecourtparanoia,lappingup

crimethrillersandspynovels.Wearefascinatedbyrogues,fromChaucefsPardonerto

DelBoy.Wearebadatrisk-assessment,andrepeatedsurveysshowthatwefearcrime

farmorethanisjustified.Soweareconditionedtoclaimthatwedon'ttrustpeoplemuch.

AScandinavianorDutchmanisproudtoexpresstrustandaffectionforhisfellow-man(I

havejustbeensailingonaDutchshipforafortnightandtheprevailingopen-heartedness

makesanyBritonfeellikeScrooge).Ournationalpreferenceistopursethelips,shake

theheadandaffectanairofjudiciouscanniness.Butifyoulookattheactualdaily

workingsofBritishsocietythereisanastonishingdegreeofunquestioningtrustof

strangers,simplybecauseweareatechnologicalsociety.Theserespondentswhotellthe

researchersthat"generallyspeaking,peoplecannotbetrusted"areinfactblithelytrusting

distantstrangersalldaylong.Everytimeyougetonatrainorplaneyouputyourlifeinto

thehandsofunseenengineersanddesigners,drivers,pilotsandtrafficcontrollers.When

yougiveapasswordtoabankcallcentreyouarcdisplayingtrust:tappingyourcredit-

cardnumberontoanInternetsite,youaffirmtherectitudeofacompanyyouhavenever

seen,andrelyontheconscientiousnessofdistantsoftwaredesigners.Thelistofour

trustfulwaysgoesonandon.Twentyminutes'contemplationofthesimplescams

uncoveredbytheBBCWatchdogshouldsuggestthatratherthanlivinginastateof

constantsuspicion,inmanyareasoflifewearerelaxedtothepointofgullibility.Butask

thebaldquestion,andwethinkimmediatelyaboutthosewhopubliclyletusdown:

politicianswhobrokeelectionpromises,pensionfundsthatjeopardizedourfuturewhile

theirdirectorsswannedoffwithbonuses,starswhoturnedsleazy.Thisisnotentirely

healthy.Whatwesaywill,intheend,becomewhatwethink.U.S.evidenceisdenser

thanours,butbroadlyspeakingitisclearthattrustislinkedlonsocialcapital"一

networks,alliances,localsocieties,anythingthattakespeopleoutintocommonspaces.

ThereismuchdiscussionintheEnglish-speakingnationsabouthowto"rebuild"social

capital,butIwasgladtoseethatthe2002reportwasextremelycautiousabouttheability

ofpolicy-makerstochangethings.Thelastthingweneedisnagging.Ialsomuch

enjoyeditsworriedlittledigressionintothenegativesideofsocialcapital-old-boy

networks,micro-communitiesthatexcludeoutsiders,ethnicghettos,andsoforth.Mr.

Halpcrn*sbookwillcometomoreinformedconclusionsthanIcan:butmyowninstinct,

fromtheresearchandfromobservation,istodrawonlytwo.First,we'renotquiteas

cynicalaswesayweare,andnothinglikeascynicalasourmedia.Secondly,theworst

crisisoftrustisnotactuallybetweencitizens,butbetweencitizensandtheirgovernment

andinstitutions.Theremedyforthatisinthehandsofpoliticians,whooughttopolice

theirownambitionandgreedandthatoftheircorporatefriends.Interferencefromthetop

isalousyidea.Examplefromthetopwouldbemuchbetter.

12、Theauthor'sattitudetowardsHalpern'ssurveyisoneof

slightantipathy

B、blanketapproval

C、slightdisapproval

D^strongdisapproval

標準答案：C

知識點解析：態(tài)度題。第四段開頭指出，這項調(diào)查的確是有益的，但是也需要做些

說明。問題在于如果像去年那樣，調(diào)查時僅僅詢問是否“總的來說，大部分人是可

以信任的“，人們的回答或許沒有經(jīng)過深思熟慮。由此可知，作者對哈珀恩調(diào)查的

態(tài)度總體上是肯定的，只是有些小小的質(zhì)疑，故［C］為答案。

13、WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutScandinaviansorBritonsisINCORRECT?

A、Scandinaviansaregenerallyfrankandopen.

B、Britonsarereluctanttoshowhospitality.

C^Britonspretendtobeshrewd.

D、Britonsprefersatiricalart.

標準答案：B

知識點解析：細節(jié)題。第五段第二句指出，斯堪的納維亞人或荷蘭人樂于對他的同

胞表示信任友愛，并引以為豪。故［A|正確；第四段第四句指出，我們有強大的諷

刺文化和吹毛求疵的媒體，他們愉快地大篇幅報道任何一次涉及私人或公眾的欺騙

背叛。故［D］正確；笫五段木句指出，而我們英國人更喜歡撅撅嘴、搖搖頭，假裝

精明機智。故［C］正確；文章沒有提及［B］,故為答案。

14、Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstosuggestallofthefollowingEXCEPT

that.

A、theBritishgovernmentshouldsetagoodexampleforcitizens

B、theBritishgovernmentshouldbearsomeresponsibilityforloweredtrustfulness

C^theBritishpeopleshouldlearntotrusttheirgovernmentmore

D、theBritishpeoplearen'tdistrustfulofeachother

標準答案：C

知識點解斤：推斷題。末段指出，哈珀恩先生書中的結(jié)論會比作者的更有見地；但

通過上述的調(diào)研和自己的觀察，作者本能地得出兩個結(jié)論：第一，我們并沒有像自

己所說的那么憤世嫉俗，更不像媒體那樣冷嘲熱諷；第二，最大的信任危機并不是

在民眾之間，而存在于民眾與政府以及各種公共機構(gòu)之間。補救辦法則掌握在各位

政客手中，他們應該控制一下自己以及企業(yè)界朋友的野心與貪欲。自上而下的干預

令人生厭，不過自上而下的表率會更有效。由此可知［A|、［B］和［D］都是作者的觀

點，故排除。這里并沒有號召人們學習信任政府，故［C］為答案。

二、簡答題（本題共8題，每題7.0分，共8分。）

15、PASSAGEONE

標準答案:Theteachingofhistoryshouldn'tbeneglectedinscientificeducation.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文倒數(shù)第二段。該段前三句指出，這是否意味

著普通大眾不應該接受更多的科學教育呢?恰恰相反!所有這一切意味著，如果科學

教育僅僅落腳于削弱文學和歷史而強化物理、化學、生物等，那么大眾科學教育將

會弊大于利。接下來進一步將沒有歷史知識的普通人和不識字但卻有歷史積淀和美

感的農(nóng)民進行對比，其目的顯然是為了說明科學教育中歷史知識的教授不容忽視，

故答案是Theteachingofhistoryshouldiftbcncglcctcdinscientificeducation0

16、PASSAGETWO

標準答案：Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeable.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第一段。首段第三句指出，天氣如此干燥，

以至于雨蛙都遲遲沒有電現(xiàn)，使得許多人擔心今年將不會聽到這些神奇的小青蛙們

用美妙的歌聲為他們祈福了。故答案是Becausetheweatherthereisnotagreeableo

PASSAGETHREE

17、WhatqualitiesdoesVictoriahaveinherhusband'seyes?

標準答案：Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness.

知識點解析?：首段末句指出：“她不僅謙虛—這在90年代很普遍，還非常美麗，

這在任何年代都不是那么常見的?！钡诙问拙涮岬剑谒麄冋J識之初，他甚至認

為她才智過人?？梢姡S多利亞在她丈夫眼里是聰明、漂亮、謙虛的，因此答案是

Intelligence,beautyandhumbleness<>

18、WhatimpressionofVirginiuscanwegetfromthepassage?

標準答案：Heisamanofhighaspiration.

知識點解析：第二段第三句提到，弗吉尼亞斯就是這樣一個嚴肅的年輕人，他夢想

有翼一日能在世上取得輝煌的地位，以遠勝于他默默無聞的祖先。由此可見，他是

有遠大志向的，故答案為Hei$amanofhighaspirationo

19>WhatqualitydoesVirginiuslackaccordingtoParagraphThree?

標準答案：Firmness.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第三段。該段最后一句指出，對維多利亞繼續(xù)以

其他形式信奉絕對真理的堅定精神，他向來無比欽佩，因為他總是欽佩他不具備的

所有品質(zhì)，據(jù)此可判斷他不具有堅定的精神，因此答案為Firmness。

PASSAGEFOUR

20、Whatdoestheword"probity"inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?

標準答案：如legrity.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第二段。該段第四句指出，在愛爾蘭和美國，信

任度也在持續(xù)下降；而與此同時，挪威人、瑞典人、丹麥人以及荷蘭人卻對相互間

的“probity”表現(xiàn)出極大的信心：他們的信任度在上升。由此可知，這里作者是將

美、英等國的信任度降低和北歐人的信任度提高進行對比。根據(jù)常識，能夠讓人們

之間互相信任的品質(zhì)應該是“正直誠信”，故答案是Integrityo

21、WhatdoestheauthorwanttoexpressbysayingthattheBritisharelappingupcrime

thrillersandspynovels?

標準答案:TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylife.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段。該段最后三句指出：在我們幻想的生活

中，我們喜好偏執(zhí)妄想，偏愛犯罪驚悚片和間諜小說。從喬叟筆下的懺悔者到熱播

喜劇中的人物德爾小子，這些流氓惡棍形象令我們?nèi)朊浴Ｎ覀儾簧朴谧鲲L險評估，

一次次的調(diào)查表明，我們對犯罪行為的恐懼遠遠超出了正常合理的范圍。由此可

知，英國人習慣了不相信他人，所以他們對于勾心斗角的犯罪片和間諜小說比較熱

衷。另外，第五段的第一句也承接第四段明確提到了這點，“我們習慣了大聲宣稱

自己不太信任他人“，所以答案是TheBritishdon'ttrustpeoplemuchinfantasylifeo

22、What'sthecharacteroftheBritishaccordingtotheauthor?

標準答案：Theytendtobecredulous.

知識點解析：由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第六段。該段最后兩句指出，我們表達信任的方

式數(shù)不勝數(shù)?；?0分鐘想想英國廣播公司的《消費者監(jiān)察人》節(jié)目中揭露的那些

欺騙消費者的伎倆就會發(fā)現(xiàn)，大家并沒有一直生活在懷疑之中；相反，在生活的很

多方面，我們松懈到了輕信的程度。故答案是Theytendtobecredulouso

專業(yè)英語八級（閱讀）模擬試卷第2套

一、常規(guī)閱讀理解（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共2。

分。）

TheU.S.economyhasbeendraggingalonglately,buthere'sasmallshotinthearm.

Gasolinepriceshavefallentotheirlowestlevelin33months.Theaveragepriceof

gasolinenationwidehasdroppedfrom$3.74pergalloninFebruaryto$3.19today.In

stateslikeMissouriandTexas,gasolinehassunkbelovz$3pergallonatthepump,a

pricenotseeninyears.Economiststendtothinkafallingasolinepricescanhelp

stimulatetheeconomybygivingpeoplemoremoneytospendonothergoods.Thinkofit

likeataxcut.Earlierthismonth,theforecastingfirmMacroec