高鐵道岔表示電路故障處理天津鐵道職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院鐵路信號(hào)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)備維護(hù)高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（一）表示電路故障分析判斷道岔表示電路反映了道岔位置。道岔表示電路含有電源的兩個(gè)不同極性，平時(shí)可以通過測(cè)量X1與X2(或者X1與X3)端子間的交直流特性來判斷表示電路的故障和范圍。下面以定位表示為例進(jìn)行分析。1.表示電路正常工作時(shí)，在分線盤端子X1與X2之間可以測(cè)到電壓交流60V左右，直流22V左右，X1中電流45mA左右。2.當(dāng)表示電路故障時(shí)，X1與X2間無電壓，可通過測(cè)量室內(nèi)R1電阻有無電壓來判斷故障性質(zhì)。（1）R1上電壓105V左右，且發(fā)熱（或有電流）可以判斷為室外混線。（2）R1上無電壓，室內(nèi)電源或電路開路。（3）X4室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流70V左右，直流38V左右。（4）X1室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流110V左右。（5）X2室外開路，分線盤X1與X2之間電壓交流105V左右，無直流。（6）室外表示接點(diǎn)、二極管、R2電阻開路同（5）。（7）X2與X1、X3、X4其中之一混線，X2中電流90mA左右。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment1.IndicatingcircuitfaultanalysisTheturnoutindicationcircuitreflectsthepositionoftheturnout.Theturnoutindicationcircuitcontainstwodifferentpolaritiesofpowersupply.Normally,thefaultandrangeoftheindicationcircuitcanbedeterminedbymeasuringtheAC/DCcharacteristicsbetweenX1andX2(orX1andX3)terminals.Thefollowingisananalysisofthepositioningindicationasanexample.1.Itmeansindicatesthatwhenthecircuitisoperatingnormally,thevoltagebetweenthebreakoutpanelterminalsX1andX2canbemeasuredatabout60VACand22VDC,andthecurrentinX1isabout45mA.2.Whenthecircuitfaultisindicated,thereisnovoltagebetweenX1andX2,andthenatureofthefaultcanbedeterminedbymeasuringthepresenceorabsenceofvoltageintheindoorR1resistor.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(1)R1onthevoltageofabout105V,andheat(orcurrent)canbejudgedasoutdoormixedline.(2)NovoltageonR1,indoorpowersupplyorcircuitbroken.(3)X4outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweentheterminalX1andX2about70VAC,about38VDC.(4)X1outdooropencircuit,voltagebetweenX1andX2AC110Vorso.(5)X2outdooropencircuit,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2splitterAC105Vorso,noDC.(6)Outdoorindicationcontact,diodeandR2resistanceopencircuitarethesameas(5).(7)X2andX1,X3,X4ShortCircuit,X2inthecurrentofabout90mA.Sinceeachthree-phaseACswitchmachinehasasetofindicatingcircuit,itisnecessarytoconfirmwhichswitchmachine'sindicatingcircuitisfaultyfirst,andthenlookdown.Onecangotothesideoftheswitchcombinationtoseetheswitchpositionindication,andtheonewithoutindicationisthefaultyone.Ifbothruttersareindicated,thetotalrelaycircuitintheoriginalturnoutcombinationisgenerallyfaulty.Iftherelayintheoriginalswitchmachinecombinationisalsoenergized,thenitistheelectriccircuitblockoftheindicatedlampandtheindicatedlamp.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障3.表示電路正常工作時(shí)，在分線盤端子X1、X2(反位X2、X3)之間可測(cè)到約50V左右的交流電壓，22V的直流電壓。4.當(dāng)表示電源故障，分線盤X1、X2測(cè)不到電壓時(shí)，可以測(cè)量電阻R1的電壓：當(dāng)測(cè)不到電壓時(shí)是室內(nèi)電源故障或斷線故障；當(dāng)測(cè)到比較高交流電壓時(shí)（大約100V)，為外線混線故障。在室外轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)端斷開X4，分線盤X1、X2之間電壓有明顯提高，可以判斷是X2、X4混線，否則為X1、X2混線。5.當(dāng)室外X1斷線時(shí)，在分線盤端子X1、X2之間測(cè)到的是輸出空載電壓，大約為交流110V，無直流成分。6.當(dāng)X2斷線時(shí)，在分線盤X1、X2之間測(cè)到是電阻R1與DBJ串聯(lián)在表示變壓器II次側(cè)后，電阻R1的分壓大約為交流60V，無直流成分。7.當(dāng)X4外線斷線時(shí)，在分線盤X1、X2之間測(cè)到電阻R1、R2與二極管Z串聯(lián)在變壓器II次側(cè)后，R2與二極管Z的分壓，交流為電壓65V，直流大約為35V。8.當(dāng)X1、X4外線混線時(shí)，電路結(jié)構(gòu)沒有變化，表示電路仍能正常工作，X1、X2仍可測(cè)到57V的交流電壓和22V的直流電壓。9.通過集中監(jiān)測(cè)電流曲線判斷，在道岔動(dòng)作到位后有一回流臺(tái)階，若無回流臺(tái)階，一般可判斷為道岔到位后轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)缺口未打下或密檢器缺口未打下。綜上，通過對(duì)分線盤X1、X2端子交直流電壓的測(cè)試，可以完成對(duì)表示電路故障性質(zhì)、范圍的快速判斷。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment3.Whenthecircuitworksnormally,theACvoltageofabout50VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanbemeasuredbetweenterminalsX1andX2(reverseX2andX3)ofthedistributionpanel.4.Whenitindicatespowerfailure,thevoltageofresistanceR1canbemeasuredwhenthevoltageofdistributionpanelsX1andX2cannotbemeasured;whenthevoltagecannotbemeasured,itisanindoorpowerfailureordisconnectionfault;WhenarelativelyhighACvoltageismeasured(about100V),itisamixedlinefaultofexternallines.WhenX4isdisconnectedattheoutdoorswitchmachineend,thevoltagebetweenX1andX2ofthesplitterpanelissignificantlyincreased,whichcanbejudgedasX2andX4mixedline,otherwiseX1andX2mixedline.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment5.WhenoutdoorX1isdisconnected,theoutputno-loadvoltagemeasuredbetweenthesplitterterminalsX1andX2isapproximately110VACwithnoDCpower.6.WhenX2isdisconnected,measuredbetweenthesplittingreelsX1,X2istheresistorR1andDBJinseriesafterindicatingthesecondarysideofthetransformerII,thevoltagedivisionoftheresistorR1isaboutAC60V,noDCpower.7.WhentheX4outerlineisdisconnected,theresistorR1,R2anddiodeZaremeasuredbetweenthesubpanelX1,X2inserieswiththediodeZafterthetransformerIIsecondaryside,R2anddiodeZvoltagedivision,ACforvoltage65V,DCisabout35V.8.WhentheexternallinesofX1andX4aremixed,thecircuitstructureremainsunchanged,indicatingthatthecircuitcanstillworknormally,andtheACvoltageof57VandtheDCvoltageof22VcanstillbemeasuredforX1andX2.9.Itcanbedeterminedthroughthecentralizedmonitoringcurrentcurvejudgmentthatthereisareturncurrentstepaftertheturnoutactioninplace,ifthereisnoreturncurrentstep,itcangenerallybejudgedastheturnoutinplaceaftertheswitchmachinegapisnotplayeddownorthesecretcheckergapisnotplayeddown.Insummary,bytestingtheACandDCvoltagesofX1andX2terminalsofthedivider,aquickjudgmentofthenatureandscopeoftheindicatedcircuitfaultcanbecompleted.高速鐵路道岔轉(zhuǎn)轍設(shè)備機(jī)械、電氣故障（2）定位向反位動(dòng)作不正常（需在組合架觀察繼電器動(dòng)作情況）。當(dāng)確定道岔動(dòng)作不正常時(shí)（尖軌或心軌不能動(dòng)作），則故障在表示電路與動(dòng)作電路的公共部分，應(yīng)將道岔置于定位進(jìn)行查找：①測(cè)量分線盤X1與X2端子，檢查有無交、直流電壓：a.無交流、直流電壓，說明室內(nèi)組合架1DQJ到分線盤的X1斷線或1DQJF11到2DQJ111之間斷線；b.如交流、直流電壓均有，說明電動(dòng)機(jī)W繞組、U繞組及X1電纜良好。故障可能在室內(nèi)X4至2DQJ113之間。c.若有交流電壓且偏高但無直流，說明室外X1電纜、W繞組、U繞組、V繞組部分有問題，應(yīng)到室外電纜盒及轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)進(jìn)一步查找確定。②當(dāng)測(cè)量分線盤X1與X2端子間交、直流電壓均有，應(yīng)進(jìn)一步測(cè)量分線盤X2與X4端子：a.如交、直流電壓均有，說明X4電纜及轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)11-12接點(diǎn)、V繞組均良好，故障在室內(nèi)X；部分；b.如交、直流電壓均無，說明故障在X4電纜或轉(zhuǎn)轍機(jī)11-12接點(diǎn)或V繞組。2.故障現(xiàn)象：未操縱道岔，當(dāng)列車通過時(shí)，尖軌定位表示中斷，但列車通過后，表示自動(dòng)恢復(fù)。分析判斷：當(dāng)列車通過時(shí)表示中斷，而列車通過后又自動(dòng)恢復(fù)，這類故障一般在室外。MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment(2)Thepositioningandreverseactionisabnormal(observetherelayactioninthecombinationframe).Whenitisdeterminedthattheturnoutactionisabnormal(switchrailorcenterrailcannotact),thefaultisinthecommonpartoftheindicationcircuitandactioncircuit,andtheturnoutshallbepositioned:①M(fèi)easuretheX1andX2terminalsofthedistributionpanel,checkthepresenceofACandDCvoltage:a.IfthereisnoAC,DCvoltage,indicatingthattheindoorcombinationframe1DQJtotheX1disconnectionor1DQJF11to2DQJ111betweenthedisconnection.b.IfACandDCvoltageareavailable,itmeansthemotorWwinding,UwindingandX1cablearegood.ThefaultmaybebetweenindoorX4and2DQJ113.c.IfthereisACvoltageandhighbutnoDC,itmeansthatthereareproblemsinoutdoorX1cable,Wwinding,UwindingandVwindingpart,whichshouldbefurtherfoundinoutdoorcableboxandswitchmachinetodetermine.MechanicalandElectricalFaultsofHigh-speedRailwaySwitchEquipment②WhenmeasuringtheACandDCvoltagebetweentheX1andX2terminals,theX2andX4terminalsshouldbefurthermeasured.a.IftherearebothACandDCvoltages,itmeansthatX4cableandswitchmachine11-12contactandVwindingaregoodandthefaultisinindoorX;part;b.IfneitherACnorDCvoltageispresent,itmeansthatthefaultisinX4cableorswitchmachine11-12contactorVwinding.2.Faultdescription:Iftheturnoutisnotunderoperation,andthetrainpasses,theswitchrailpositioningindicatesinterruption,butafterthetrainpasses,itindicatesautomaticrecovery.

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