第頁2025年高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)《閱讀理解-推理判斷之寫作方法》專項(xiàng)測試卷帶答案學(xué)校:___________姓名：___________班級：___________考號：___________1.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布考點(diǎn)題型推理判斷之寫作方法閱讀理解2021試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)2021·北京卷閱讀D32．TheauthorraisesthreequestionsinParagraph2mainlyto________．寫作方法20202020·全國新課標(biāo)III32.Whatdoestheauthorwanttotellusbytheexamplesinparagraph1?寫作方法20122020·全國新高考I山東卷68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.寫作方法2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對于閱讀理解中沒有對寫作方法進(jìn)行考查，這不意味著未來不會考查。高考備考要充分準(zhǔn)備未來可能考的題，不是盲目追風(fēng)必考考過的試題。主要考查：根據(jù)閱讀文章整體或某一段落的內(nèi)容推斷寫作手法。推斷寫作方法的方法：1.通過分析文章內(nèi)容，斷定文章采用的寫作方法，即舉例說明法、比較說明法、對比說明或論證法、設(shè)問引起讀者注意等；2.根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，如果是記敘文，通常采用以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。也可能是倒敘的方法。【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類推斷文章寫作方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能?！久}預(yù)測】通過閱讀理解中，推斷文章寫作方法考查考生的基本的寫作技能，在新高考命題中很可能會出現(xiàn)。推斷文章寫作方法的命題依據(jù)是：新課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中要求學(xué)生掌握：常見文章文體的寫作方法。因此，推斷文章寫作方法的推理判斷題，有可能在2024年高考中將成為高考閱讀理解的題型，應(yīng)該倍加注意?！?023年高考命題預(yù)測】推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)是高考中的?？键c(diǎn)。作者在寫作文章的時(shí)候總是要用一些寫作手法，了解寫作手法是學(xué)生閱讀理解要掌握的內(nèi)容之一。做這類題時(shí)，我們可以借鑒中文的一些寫作手法，在寫作方法上它們是相通的。預(yù)測在2023高考中，寫作手法有可能會在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。【推理判斷之寫作手法考點(diǎn)指南】規(guī)律方法：常見的設(shè)問方式：（1）Howisthepassageorganized?（2）Theauthordevelopsthepassagemainlyby_________.（3）Thefirstparagraphservesasa（n）

__________.（4）Theexampleof…isgiventoshow/illustratethat__________. 了解文章的修辭手法。從修辭手法上講，在高考閱讀中主要考查下定義、分類說明、列舉例證和對比等寫作手法。其中，“引用”和“例證”是議論文和說明文中最常用的寫作手法之一。是歷年高考閱讀試題中必不可缺的命題方向?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同目的就是增強(qiáng)說服力，以更好的達(dá)到說理、說明的目的?！耙谩焙汀袄C”的共同功能就是服務(wù)于段落或篇章的主題。說明文往往采取下定義、舉例子、列數(shù)字、對比或比較等說明方式進(jìn)行寫作，而這些說明方式都是為了使文章要說明的內(nèi)容或問題更加清晰明了、真實(shí)可信，或者更具說服力。記敘文可以采取以時(shí)間為序、以地點(diǎn)為序、以故事情節(jié)發(fā)展為序（開端、發(fā)展、高潮、結(jié)局）等敘事方式進(jìn)行寫作。以故事情節(jié)為序又可以不按照時(shí)間的先后順序敘述，比如，先寫結(jié)局，再寫其他，最后寫高潮，這種敘事手法叫做倒敘。[2012·全國卷Ⅰ，D]

Grown-upsareoftensurprisedbyhowwelltheyremembersomethingtheylearnedaschildrenbuthaveneverpracticedeversince.Amanwhohasnothadachancetogoswimmingforyearscanstillswimaswellaseverwhenhegetsbackinthewater.Hecangetonabicycleaftermanyyearsandstillrideaway.Hecanplaycatchandhitaballaswellashisson.Amotherwhohasnotthoughtaboutthewordsforyearscanteachherdaughterthepoemthatbegins"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"orrememberthestoryofCinderellaorGoldilocksandtheThreeBears.Oneexplanationisthelawofoverlearning,whichcanbestatedasfollows:Oncewehavelearnedsomething,additionallearningtrials(嘗試)increasethelengthoftimewewillrememberit.Inchildhoodweusuallycontinuetopracticesuchskillsasswimming,bicycleriding,andplayingbaseballlongafterwehavelearnedthem.Wecontinuetolistentoandremindourselvesofwordssuchas"Twinkle,twinkle,littlestar"andchildhoodtalessuchasCinderellaandGoldilocks.Wenotonlylearnbutoverlearn.Themultiplicationtables(乘法口訣表)areanexceptiontothegeneralrulethatweforgetratherquicklythethingsthatwelearninschool,becausetheyareanotherofthethingsweoverlearninchildhood.Thelawofoverlearningexplainswhycramming(突擊學(xué)習(xí))foranexamination,thoughitmayresultinapassinggrade,isnotasatisfactorywaytolearnacollegecourse.Bycramming,astudentmaylearnthesubjectwellenoughtogetbyontheexamination,butheislikelysoontoforgetalmosteverythinghelearned.Alittleoverlearning,ontheotherhand,isreallynecessaryforone'sfuturedevelopment.68.Theauthorexplainsthelawofoverlearningby_________.A.presentingresearchfindingsB.settingdowngeneralrulesC.makingacomparisonD.usingexamples1.【2023屆安徽省A10聯(lián)盟高考最后一卷】Waterequalslife.Thisistrueforpeople,animalsandplants.Andwhilewaterisplentifulinsomelocations,thisisnotthecaseallovertheworld.NowscientistsfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology(MIT)mayhavedevelopedawaytochangethat.Thenewdesalination(脫鹽)deviceproduceswateractuallyabovetheWorldHealthOrganizationstandards,justbypushingabutton.Therearenofilters(過濾器)required,andthedeviceuseselectricalpowertoremovesaltandotherparticles(微粒)—includingbacteriaandviruses—fromthesaltwater.Thisreducestheneedforconstantmaintenance.Mostcommerciallyavailableportabledesalinationunitsusefiltersthatrequirehigh-pressurepumpstopushthewater,whichmakesthemhugeinsizeandlessenergyefficient.ThefilterlessMITdevicewillallowittobeusedinremoteorresource-limitedplaceslikesmallislands,ships,andevenforemergencyuse.Thedevicetookyearstodevelop.Afterrunningtestsinthelabwithwaterthathaddifferentsalinityandparticles,itwastestedatBoston’sCarsonBeach.Thedeviceproduceddrinkablewaterinjusthalfanhour.Thenewdesalinationunitneedslesspowerthanacellphonecharger,reportedFastCompany,andworksusingtwotypesofelectricalfieldstofilterthesaltwater.Butbestofall,itisdesignedtobeusedbyaveragepeopleandnotengineers.Infact,thedeviceonlyhasthreebuttons,onetopowerthedevice,onetostartit,andonetostopit.Theresearchersarestillworkingonafinaldesignthatcouldusecheapermaterialstomakeitreadybytheendofnextyear.Thissmallbutmightydesalinationunitmaybethekeytobringingsafewatertoathirstyworld.1．What’stheadvantageofthenewdesalinationdevice?A．It’sconvenient. B．Ifsalotcheaper.C．Ithasimprovedfilters. D．Ithasalargeroutput.2．Howisthethirdparagraphdeveloped?A．Bymakingcomparisons. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byanalyzingcauses. D．Bylistingfigures.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkisthemostoutstandingqualityofthenewdevice?A．Itrequiresmuchlesspower.B．Itpossessestwoelectricalfields.C．Itcanbeeasilyoperatedbyordinarypeople.D．Itiscontrolledbythesamebutton.4．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．DeeperresearchfindsnewcontentsofseawaterB．BettermethodimprovesthequalityofdrinkingwaterC．ReportshowsaworldthirstyforsafedrinkingwaterD．Newportabledevicemakesseawaterdrinkableontheway2.【2023屆江蘇省徐州市高三5月考前模擬】Ifreducingstresshasbeenonyoursummertodolist,there’sonepowerfulthingyoucanstilldobeforetheseasonends:getinthehabitoftakingawalkoutsidewithafriend.Aquickwalkinnaturewithafriendcombinesthreeofthemosteffectivestress-reducingandresilience(恢復(fù)力)buildingtechniques:physicalexercise,spendingtimeinnatureandsocialconnection.Theactivityworksbyhelpingnormalizethehormonalchangesthatresultfromlongtimestressandenhancingtheemotionalresourcesthathelpuscope.Walkingquicklyactivates(激活)thebody`sstressresponse.Andwhenthewalkisover,thestresssystemcomesbackdowntobaseline.Regularexercisehelpsyourstressresponsebecomemoreefficient,saysJenniferHeisz,associateprofessoratMcMasterUniversity.Aslittleas10minutesofsittingorwalkinginnaturecandecreaseaperson’sheartrate,bloodpressureandcortisollevels,aswellasself-reportedstresslevels.Onepossibleexplanation,theresearcherssay,isthatspendingtimeinnaturelowerstheactivityofoursympatheticnervoussystem,whichregulatesstresshormones,andtapsintotheparasympathetic(副交感)nervoussystem,whichpromotesourcalmandrelaxationresponses.Takingthathikewithalovedonecanfurtherreducestressbyaddingtheimportantelementofsocialconnection.Talkingwithtrustedfriendshelpspeopleprocessstressfuleventsandliftsself-esteem.Socialsupporthaspositiveeffectsonthebrainandbody,scientificresearchfinds.Earlierthisyear,CassieMorenowasinarutofstressandanxiety.Shewasstartinganewjob,strugglingtomakenewfriendsduringthepandemic,andgoingthroughabreakup.StrollingalongtheHudsonRiverwithotherwomen,the26-year-oldMainenativesaysshefeltanimmediatesurgeofconfidenceandcalm.“Iwas,like,howdowelivehere?Lookatthewater!LookattheStatueofLiberty!Howdidwegetthislucky?”shesays.1．Whatisthepurposeofparagraph2?A．Toexplainarule. B．Toclarifyanargument.C．Topresentafact. D．Tointroduceatopic.2．Whatisanadvantageofspendingtimeinnature?A．Reducingbloodpressure. B．Liftingself-esteem.C．Raisingstresshormones. D．Activatingnervoussystem.3．WhatdoesCassieMoreno’sremarkinthelastparagraphindicate?A．Shewasrefreshedwithconfidence.B．Shewasinastateofstressandanxiety.C．Shewasstrugglingthroughahardtime.D．Shewasamazedbythefantasticscenery.4．Howisthepassagedeveloped?A．Bygivingexplanations. B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Bylistingexamples. D．Byprovingassumptions.基礎(chǔ)過關(guān)（最新模擬試題演練）1.【2023屆浙江省四校（杭州二中、溫州中學(xué)、紹興一中、金華一中）高三5月聯(lián)考】AsanintenseheatwavesweepsthroughChina,residentsareseekingreliefinairraidsheltersandswimmingpoolstostaycool,anddozensofcities,includingShanghai,ChongqingandHangzhou,haveissuedtheirhighest-levelredalertwarnings.Shanghaihasissuedthreeredalertsthisyear,withthetemperaturehitting40.9CelsiusonJuly13,matchingtherecordsetin2017since1873.ThefactthatShanghaihasexperiencedonly16daysof40°C-plustemperaturessincethecitybegankeepingrecordsin1873shouldgiveusanideaabouttheseriousnessofthesituation.Medicalexpertssayextremeheatcouldcausenausea(惡心),fatigue,sunstrokeandevendeath,withseniorcitizensandpeoplewithlong-termillnessesparticularlyvulnerabletoheatwaves.Extremeheatevents,whichbeganamonthago,haveaffectedthelivesofmorethan900millionpeopleinChina.BetweenJune1andJuly12,theaveragenumberofdayswithtemperaturesabove35°Cwas5.3,up2.4daysovernormalyears,breakingthenationalrecordsetin1961,accordingtotheNationalClimateCenter.PartsofEuropearealsointhegripofheatwavesandexperiencingextremeweathereventsafterthewesternpartofNorthAmericafacedextremeheatwaveslastyear.Inresponsetotheexceptionallyhightemperatures,theUnitedKingdomhasdeclaredanationalemergencyandissuedthehighest-levelredalertwarningforMondayandTuesdayforthefirsttime.Morealarmingly,theaverageglobaltemperatureinJunethisyearwas0.4°Chigherthannormalyearsandthehighestsince1979,withtemperaturesincountriessuchasSpain,FranceandItalyexceeding40°C．Unfortunately,extremeheat,whichisdirectlyrelatedtoclimatechange,willbecomemorefrequentandintenseinthenext30years,settingnewrecordsforhightemperatures.Asglobalwarmingintensifies,lossesanddevastationwillincrease,forcingnaturalandhumansystemstoraisetheiradaptationlimits.1．Whatcanweknowabouttheheatwavesthisyear?A．Itmaycausemoreharmtotheoldandpeoplewithlong-termillnesses.B．Thenumberofdaysabove35°CinJunebreaksthenationalrecord.C．Shanghaihasexperiencedahighertemperaturethanthatin2017.D．ThewholeEuropeaswellasAmericaaresufferingfromtheheatwaves.2．Howdoestheauthordevelopthetext?A．Byanalyzingandconcluding. B．Byexplainingandcontrasting.C．Bygivingexamplesandquoting. D．Bygivingfiguresandcomparing.3．Accordingtothewriter,whatisthetrendofextremeheat?A．Becomingmoreserious. B．Remainingstable.C．Stayingunpredictable. D．Gettingcontrollable.4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesolutionstotheclimatechange. B．Theeconomiclossesfromheatwaves.C．Theincreaseofsevereheatwaves. D．Thedestructiveeffectofglobalwarming.2.【2023年遼寧省高三第二次全省統(tǒng)考暨朝陽市第一高級中學(xué)高三四?！縏hreeFormatsofBooksPrintedbooksaremostlyproducedinthreefundamentalformats:Hardcover,TradePaperback,andMassMarketPaperback.Ahardcover(alsoknownashardbackorhardbound)isatypeofbookthatisboundwithhardandrigidprotectivecoversandthepagesareoftenstronglyheldtogetherwithstichesorstaples(縫線或訂書釘).Theyarethemostexpensiveofthethreeformats.Atradepaperback(morecommonlyknownaspaperback)isatypeofbookcharacterizedbyathickpaperorpaperboardcover.Theirpagesareoftenheldwithglueratherthanstitchesorstaples.Tradepaperbacksarecheaperthanhardcoversbutcostlierthanmassmarketpaperbacks.Massmarketpaperbacksarebasicallysmallsizedbooksprintedonalowerqualitypaperwithaninexpensivebinding.Theyarecheapertoproduceandmostlysoldinnontraditionalbooksellinglocationssuchasdrugstores,supermarkets,railwaystations,andairports,aswellasintraditionalbookstores.Massmarketpaperbacksareproducedtotargetabiggermarket.Duetotheirlowproductioncosttheycanbemadeavailabletoalargemassofpeopleatcheaperandaffordablerates.Massmarketpaperbackbooksaresmallerinsize(usuallyabout4incheswideand7inchestall)andtheirfont(字體)sizeisalsocomparativelysmaller.Besides,massmarketpaperbacksmostlydonothaveanyillustrations(pictures,diagrams,andotherdecorativefeatures)thatmaybepresentinthehardcoverorthepaperbackformatsofthatsamebook.Anotherveryimportantfeatureofmassmarketpaperbacksisthattheyaremostlystrippablebooks.“Strippable”simplymeansthatabook’scovercanbetornoff(orstrippedof)bythebookretailersordistributor,andthensentbacktothebookpublisherforarefund(退款；返還款).So,whenthebooksellersnoticethatsomemassmarketpaperbackbookshavebeeninstockforawhileandarenotsellingwell,theycansimplystripoffthecoversofthosebooksandreturnthemtothepublishersforrefund.Thepartofthebookleftafterthecoverissippedoffisillegaltosellandhastoberecycled.1．What’sspecialforhardcoverbookscomparedwiththeothertwo?A．They’renoteasilybroken.B．Theircoverscanbestrippedoff.C．Theyhavethelargestnumberofconsumers.D．Theyareofexcellentqualityandbargainprice.2．Whatformatissuitableforstudents’textbooksaccordingtothetext?A．Hardcover. B．Tradepaperback.C．Massmarketpaperback. D．Hardbound.3．Whatcanyoulearnaboutmassmarketpaperbackbooksfromthetext?A．Theyhavevariousdecorativefeatures.B．Thosewithoutcoverscanbesoldcheaply.C．Brochuresbelongtomassmarketpaperbackbooks.D．Theycanbereturnedtothepublishersifnotdamaged.4．Howdoesthewriterdevelopthistext?A．Byofferingfigures. B．Bytellingastory.C．Bygivingexamples. D．Bymakingacomparison.3.【廣東省汕尾、珠海市等大灣區(qū)聯(lián)考2023屆高三學(xué)生調(diào)研】Researchintosocialrobotshasshownthatmachinesthatareatthecuttingedgeofinteractioncanrespondtofeelingsandemotionallycarefortheweak,theelderlyandchildren.Robinwasdesignedasacompanionrobottoprovideemotionalsupportforchildrenreceivingmedicaltreatment.Robinexplainsmedicalprocedurestothem,playsgamesandtellsstories,andduringtreatmentdistractsthemtoreducetheirsenseofpain.TherobotusesAItounderstandotherpeople’sfeelings,rememberingfacialexpressionsandconversationstobuilddialogueforfollow-upsessions.IntrialsattheWigmoreMedical(UK)PediatricClinicinYerevan,Armenia,theteamfoundthatRobinledtoa34%decreaseinstressandanincreaseinhappinessof26%inthe120childrenwhointeractedwithhimatleastonce.Healthcarerobotscouldallbenefitfromdisplayingemotionalintelligence,bothrecognizingandrespondingtohumanemotions,andtosomeextent,managingthem.Theproblemwiththisisthefearthathumanjobsmaybelostasrobotsbecomebetterathandlingsocialsituations.Populationtrendssuggestthatthedemandforrobotstoworkalongsidepeopleincaresituationswillgrowovertime.By2050,thenumberofpeopleaged65andovergloballywillbe1.6billion(17%),roughlytwicetheproportionofwhatitistoday.Anextra3.5millioncareworkerswillbeneededandthatwillincludeemotionallyintelligentrobots.Today’ssimplesystemsarebeingtrainedtomeetthatdemand.Thisincludesalittlewheeledrobotthatcanguesshowyouarefeelingfromthewayyouwalk,andtherobotfromtheUniversityofLincolnintheUK—whohelpselderlypeopletostayphysicallyandmentallyactive.Theimpactofsocialrobotsonourlivestodatehasbeentiny.Butnewmodelsarebeingintroducedthatcouldmakethebreakthrough.Humanemotionsaredifficulttodefine,butastrustinrobotsincreases,breakingdownthepsychologicalbarrierbecomeseasiertoimagine.1．Whataresocialrobotsuniquelycapableof?A．Liftingheavypackagesupstairsforweakpeople.B．Teachingmentallyillteensemotionalexpressions.C．Cookingdeliciousdishesforthedisabledathome.D．Playingsongsforblindpeopleontheirrequest.2．Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Robin’sfunctiontoreducepain.B．Robin’spopularityinhospitals.C．Robin’spracticalapplication.D．Robin’ssuccessinpassingtests.3．Howisparagraph4developed?A．Byconcludingviewpoints.B．Byanalyzingcauses.C．Bymakingcomparison.D．Bygivingdefinition.4．Whatdoestheauthorthinkofhumanjobreplacementbyrobots?A．ItisalreadyhappeningthroughoutUK.B．Humansneedtoworkhardtosecurejobs.C．Robotscanonlymeetbasichumanneeds.D．It’sanunstoppableandbeneficialtrend.4.【2023屆廣東省惠州市高三5月二模】Peopleproduceallkindsoffoodwaste.AnewsreportinourmagazinepublishedinNovemberlastyearshowsthatabout60millionmetrictonsoffoodiswastedintheUnitedStateseveryyear.(Ametrictonis1,000kilogramsor2,205pounds.)Thevalueofthewasteisabout$162billion.Abouthalfendsupincitylandfills(垃圾填埋場).Itcostslocalgovernmentabout$1.5billionayeartodealwiththem.Thereportsaysthatonethirdofallfoodintheworldisnevereaten.Thefullcostoftheworld’sfoodwastecanbe$400billionayear.Billionscanbesavediftheamountoffoodwasteisreduced.Mostofthefoodisthrownawaybyshopkeepersandconsumersinwealthynations.Ifitissaved,itcouldfeed870millionhungrypeopleoftheworld.Afamilyoffourwastesabout$1,600worthoffoodeachyear.Theproductionoffooduseslargeamountsofwater,landandfertilizer.Foodwasteinlandfillscreatesmethane—apowerfulgreenhousegas.Thisgasisaboutsevenpercentoftotalpollutionworldwide.Reducingfoodwastecanmakeadifference.Composting(堆制肥料)isonesolution.However,thereareotherwaystoreducefoodwaste.Extendingexpiration(終結(jié))dateswillreducewaste.Sellingsmallerbagsoffoodalsowillreducewaste.Anexpertsaid,“Weneedtofindwaystodealwithfoodwaste,butmostimportantly,weneedtopreventitatthefirstplace.”1．WhatdoestheauthorwanttotellusinParagraph2?A．Manypeoplearefacinghunger.B．Foodwasteislikelytoincrease.C．Foodwasteiscausedforvariousreasons.D．Theproblemoffoodwasteisveryserious.2．Whatisthebestsolutiontofoodwaste?A．Toputpreventionfirst. B．Tobuildmorelandfills.C．Toextendshelflifeoffood. D．Tomakeitintousefulmaterials.3．Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthor?A．Heisaneditor. B．HeisaTVreporter.C．Heisapublicofficial. D．Heisaprofessorassistant.4．HowisParagraph2developed?A．Bylistingdata. B．Bygivingexamples.C．Byprovidingdefinitions. D．Bymakingcomparisons.5.【2023屆湖北省華中師范大學(xué)第一附屬中學(xué)高三5月適應(yīng)性考試】Haveyouevertakenapersonalitytestandfoundtheresultstobescarilyaccurate,checkedyourhoroscope(星象學(xué))andhadeverythingcometrueortakenanonlinequizthattoldyoupreciselywhatyourfavoriteDisneyprincessmeansaboutyou?Well,wecertainlyhavedonesotoomanytimes,sowedecidedtodoalittleinvestigationintohowInternetquizzes,magazinesandhoroscopebooksseemtoknowussowell.Wediscoveredthatwe’veallbeenfallingvictimtotheBarnumeffect.TheBarnumEffectisthephenomenonthatoccurswhenindividualsbelievethatpersonalitydescriptionsapplyspecificallytothem,despitethefactthatthedescriptionisactuallyfilledwithinformationthatappliestoeveryone.ItwasnamedafterP.T.Barnum,afamous19thcenturyshowman,whowouldfamouslysay,“There’safoolborneveryminute.”Indeed,Barnumprovedtoberight,aspseudoscience(偽科學(xué))—suchasastrologyandpersonalitytest—remainspopulartothisday.TheBarnumeffectexplainswhyextremelygeneralstatements,suchastheresultsofyourpersonalitytest,seemsospecifictoyou.Don’tbelieveus?Well,latepsychologyprofessorBertramForerofferedsomeproof.Inahistoricstudy,Forerconductedapersonalitytesttohisstudents.Forercopiedstatementssuchas“Youhaveagreatneedforotherpeopletolikeandadmireyou.”and“Youhaveatendencytobecriticalofyourself”fromthenewspaper’shoroscopecolumnandgaveatesttoeverystudent,Foreraskedhisstudentstoratetheaccuracyofthetestfromonetofive,with“one”beingtheleastaccurateand“five”beingthemostaccurate.Theaverageratingwas4.26.TheuniversallyhighratingsfromstudentsonthepersonalitytestsupportedtheBarnumeffect.Oneofthemostimportantfactorswhenreproducingthisstudyistokeepthestatementsasvagueaspossible,withamixofmostlypositiveandsomenegativecontent.Forexample,usingthephrase“attimes”makesforapowerfulBarnumEffect.See“Attimesyouareextrovertedandsociable,whileatothertimesyouareintrovertedandreserved”—whowouldnotagreewiththatstatement?So,keepinmindthatwearenotimmunetotheBarnumeffect.Takeeverythingyouhearwithseveralgrainsofsalt.1．WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A．Topresentacontroversialopinion. B．Toprovideanexampleofanidea.C．Toofferasolutiontoaproblem. D．Todefinethemeaningofaterm.2．WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A．PotentialapplicationoftheBarnumeffect. B．FurtherexplanationoftheBarnumeffect.C．SupportingevidencefortheBarnumeffect. D．Areasonabledoubtoftheresearchprocess.3．Whydosomanypeoplebelievethestatementsinhoroscopeandpersonalitytests?A．Theyaresospecific. B．Theyareambiguous.C．Theyarepositive. D．Theyarebelievable.4．Howisthepassageorganized?A．Problem—solution. B．Cause—effect.C．Phenomenon—analysis. D．Claim—counterclaim.6.【2023屆重慶市巴蜀中學(xué)校高考適應(yīng)性模擬預(yù)測5月】“Iknowwhentogoout,andwhentostayin.”,EnglishrockstarDavidBowieonceconfidentlysanginhishitsingle.Whenitcomestoconsumingfood,thedecisivenessclaimedbythesinger-songwriterishardtoachieve.Idisagreewiththestatementandargueit’sbettertoeatoutthantoorderhomedelivery.Tobeginwith,whensettingfootinarestaurant,we’reimmediatelygreetednotonlybyaserverreadytoseatus,butbyafloodofphysicalfeelings—theeyestakeintheinternaldecorationoftheplace,thenosebreathesinthepleasantsmellofexpertlyplatedfoodandtheearspickuponcompetingsoundsofcustomerchatterandattractivein-storemusic.Toeatoutistoexperienceanatmosphereuniquetoeachrestaurant.Somethingasspecialasthatsimplycan’tbereproducedbyorderinghomedelivery.Eatingoutis,withoutdoubt,themoreexcitingandthusbetterchoice.Eatingoutbecomesevenmoreappealingwhenstayinghomeprovestoopainful.Whetheritisbecauseweneedatemporaryfightfromourfamilyorthatwesimplywanttospendsomequalitytimeoutsidewithlovedones,goingoutforamealcanbeabreakfromthehardlabourofdomesticliving.Wecouldtakeitasanopportunityforself-care—totreatourselvesbydressingup,arrivinginstyleatafancyrestaurantandorderingaslightlymoreluxuriousmealtorefreshourwearysoul.Orderinghomedeliverywouldonlycontributetofeelingsofbeingpennedinwhile;eatingoutisanescapeforthetrappedindividual.Fooddeliveryappusersreasonit’satroubleandlessconvenienttodressupandeatout.However,it’sworthnotingwemaynotalwaysgetourfoodinthemostsatisfactoryconditionwhenoptingforhomedelivery.There’sariskofreceivingfoodorderswithmissingitemsorevenentirelywrongordersthatcan’tbesentback.Whatwesacrificeforconveniencemightjustwindupbeinginconvenient.Consequently,itmakesmoresensetoeatoutratherthanriskdisappointmentbyorderinghomedelivery.1．Whatdoestheauthormainlytalkabout?A．Diningoptions. B．Cuisineculture.C．Consumptionlevel. D．Foodcategories.2．Whatadvantageofeatingoutishighlightedinparagraph2?A．Qualityservice. B．Comfortandconvenience.C．Sensoryenjoyment. D．Areasonablemixofnutrition.3．Whatdoestheauthorthinkoforderinghomedelivery?A．It’squitepricey. B．Itmayletconsumersdown.C．Itmaycausefoodwaste. D．It’snotenvironmental-friendly.4．Howisthetextdeveloped?A．Byprovidingexamples. B．Byfollowingspaceorder.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Byanalyzingmentalprocesses.真題感知1.D【2021·北京卷】Earlyfifth-centuryphilosopherSt．Augustinefamouslywrotethatheknewwhattimewasunlesssomeoneaskedhim．AlbertEinsteinaddedanotherwrinklewhenhetheorizedthattimevariesdependingonwhereyoumeasureit．Today'sstate-of-the-artatomic（原子的）clockshaveprovenEinsteinright．Evenadvancedphysicscan'tdecisivelytelluswhattimeis,becausetheanswerdependsonthequestionyou'reasking．Forgetabouttimeasanabsolute．Whatif，insteadofconsideringtimeintermsofastronomy,werelatedtimetoecology？Whatifweallowedenvironmentalconditionstosetthetempo（節(jié)奏）ofhumanlife？We'reincreasinglyawareofthefactthatwecan'tcontrolEarthsystemswithengineeringalone，andrealizingthatweneedtomoderate（調(diào)節(jié)）ouractionsifwehopetoliveinbalance．Whatifourdefinitionoftimereflectedthat？Recently，Iconceptualizedanewapproachtotimekeepingthat'sconnectedtocircumstancesonourplanet，conditionsthatmightchangeasaresultofglobalwarming．We'renowbuildingaclockattheAnchorageMuseumthatreflectsthetotalflowofseveralmajorAlaskanrivers，whicharesensitivetolocalandglobalenvironmentalchanges．We'veprogrammedittomatchanatomicclockifthewaterwayscontinuetoflowattheirpresentrate．Iftheriversrunfasterinthefutureonaverage，theclockwillgetaheadofstandardtime．Iftheyrunslower，you'llseetheoppositeeffect．Theclockregistersbothshort-termirregularitiesandlong-termtrendsinriverdynamics．It'sasortofobservatorythatrevealshowtheriversarebehavingfromtheirowntemporalframe（時(shí)間框架），andallowsustowitnessthosechangesonoursmartwatchesorphones．AnyonewhooptstogoonAlaskaMeanRiverTimewillliveinharmonywiththeplanet．Anyonewhoconsidersrivertimeinrelationtoatomictimewillencounteramajorimbalanceandmaybemotivatedtocounteractitbyconsuminglessfuelorsupportinggreenerpolicies．Evenifthismethodoftimekeepingisnovelinitsparticulars，earlyagriculturalsocietiesalsoconnectedtimetonaturalphenomena．Inpre-ClassicalGreece，forinstance，people“corrected”officialcalendarsbyshiftingdatesforwardorbackwardtoreflectthechangeofseason．Temporalconnectiontotheenvironmentwasvitaltotheirsurviv