考研英語(yǔ)（閱讀）模擬試卷401

一、閱讀（補(bǔ)全短文）（本題共20題，每題7.0分，共

20分。）

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearctwo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Thinkofthosefleetingmoments

whenyoulookoutofanaeroplanewindowandrealisethatyouareflying,higherthana

bird.Nowthinkofyourlaptop,thinnerthanabrown-paperenvelope,oryourcellphone

inthepalmofyourhand.Takeamomentortwotowonderatthosemarvels.Youarethe

kickyinheritorofadreamcometrue.Thesecondhalfofthe20thcenturysawa

collectionofgeniuses,warriors,entrepreneursandvisionarieslabourtocreateafabulous

machinethatcouldfunctionasatypewriterandprintingpress,studioandtheatre,

paintbrushandgallery,pianoandradio,themailaswellasthemailcarrier.[Cl]

Thenetworkedcomputerisanamazingdevice,thefirstmediamachinethat

servesasthemodeofproduction,meansofdistribution,siteofreception,andplaceof

praiseandcritique.Thecomputeristhe21stcentury'sculturemachine.Butforallthe

reasonstherearetocelebratethecomputer,wemustalsotreadwithcaution.[C2]

.Icallitasecretwarfortworeasons.First,mostpeopledonotrealizethatthere

arestrongcommercialagendasatworktokeeptheminpassiveconsumptionmode.

Second,themajorityofpeoplewhousenetworkedcomputerstouploadarenoteven

awareofthesignificanceofwhattheyaredoing.Allanimalsdownload,butonlyafew

upload.Beaversbuilddamsandbirdsmakenests.Yetfbrthemostpart,theanimal

kingdommovesthroughtheworlddownloading.Humansarcuniqueintheircapacityto

notonlymaketoolsbutthenturnaroundandusethemtocreatesuperfluousmaterial

goods-paintings,sculptureandarchitecture—andsuperlluousexperiences-music,

literature,religionandphilosophy.[C3]Forallthepossibilitiesofournew

culturemachines,mostpeoplearestillstuckindownloadmode.Evenaftertheadventof

widespreadsocialmedia,apyramidofproductionremains,withasmallnumberof

peopleuploadingmaterial,aslightlylargergroupcommentingonormodifyingthat

content,andahugepercentageremainingcontenttojustconsume.[C4]

Televisionisaone-waytapflowingintoourhomes.Thehardesttaskthattelevisionasks

ofanyoneistoturnthepoweroffafterhehasturnediton.[C5]Whatcountsas

meaningfuluploading?Mydefinitionrevolvesaround（heconceptof"stickiness"

creationsandexperiencestowhichothersadhere.[AJOfcourse,itispreciselythese

superfluousthingsthatdefinehumancultureandultimatelywhatitistobehuman.

Downloadingandconsumingculturerequiresgreatskills,butfailingtomovebeyond

downloadingistostriponeselfofadefiningconstituentofhumanity.|B|Applications

like,whichallowuserstocombinepictures,wordsandothermediain

creativewaysandthensharethem,havethepotentialtoaddstickinessbyamusing,

entertainingandenlighteningothers.[C]Notonlydidtheydevelopsuchadevicebutby

theturnofthemillenniumtheyhadalsomanagedtoembeditinaworldwidesystem

accessedbybillionsofpeopleeveryday.|D]Thisisbecausethenetworkedcomputerhas

sparkedasecretwarbetweendownloadinganduploading-betweenpassive

consumptionandactivecreation—whoseoutcomewillshapeourcollectivefuturein

wayswecanonlybegintoimagine.[E]Thechallengethecomputermountstotelevision

thusbearslittlesimilaritytooneformatbeingreplacedbyanotherinthemannerof

recordplayersbeingreplacedbyCDplayers.[F]Onereasonforthepersistenceofthis

pyramidofproductionisthatforthepasthalf-century,muchoftheworld'smediaculture

hasbeendefinedbyasinglemediumtelevision—andtelevisionisdefinedby

downloading.|G]Thenetworkedcomputeroffersthefirstchancein50yearstoreverse

theflow,toencouragethoughtfuldownloadingand,evenmoreimportantly,meaningful

uploading.

1、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：c

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：第二段介紹電腦的問(wèn)世過(guò)程，第三段闡述聯(lián)網(wǎng)電腦的強(qiáng)大功能，所以

空格處部分應(yīng)該承上啟下。C項(xiàng)中的notonly承接二文，but后的內(nèi)容則與下文對(duì)

應(yīng)。同時(shí)，可以通過(guò)"Thesecondhalfofthe20thcentury（20世紀(jì)后半期）”與"theturn

ofthemillennium（千年之交）”結(jié)構(gòu)的上下呼應(yīng)來(lái)定位。C項(xiàng)中的suchadevice即指代

fabulousmachine,typev/riterandprintingpress等設(shè)冬。因此，正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

2、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：D

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)就近原則，線(xiàn)索為“asecretwar（一場(chǎng)秘密的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)廣，然而前文并

沒(méi)有提到過(guò)asecretwar.因此空格部分必須出現(xiàn)有關(guān)asecretwar的信息。D項(xiàng)中

的thisisbecause…承接首句，說(shuō)明了我們要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待電腦的原因；而且該選項(xiàng)中

引出了asecretwar,與卜,文銜接緊密，故選D項(xiàng)。

3、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格部分出現(xiàn)在段尾，且前一句中提到superfluous

material,goods...andsuperfluousexperiencesoA項(xiàng)中的thesesuperlluousthings可

以在前文中找到所指。A項(xiàng)中的第一句話(huà)用Ofcourse,與前文形成正確的因果關(guān)

系。第二句話(huà)指出人類(lèi)應(yīng)該超越卜.栽模式，卜.一段第一句話(huà)說(shuō)人類(lèi)依然拘囿于下載

模式，前后轉(zhuǎn)折自然，過(guò)渡順暢。因此正確答案為A項(xiàng)。

4、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格部分出現(xiàn)在段尾，起承上啟下的作用。瀏覽選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)F項(xiàng)中的

thispyramidofproduction與前文apyramidofproduction相呼應(yīng)。此夕卜F項(xiàng)中的

television是下一段第一句話(huà)的主語(yǔ)，開(kāi)啟了下文對(duì)電視的論述，完美地實(shí)現(xiàn)了空

格處上下文不同話(huà)題之間的平滑過(guò)渡。所以F項(xiàng)為正確答案。

5、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格部分出現(xiàn)在段尾，起承上啟下的作用。瀏覽選項(xiàng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，G項(xiàng)提到

reversetheflow,而前文提到Televisionisaone——waytapflowingintoourhomes,因

此前后呼應(yīng)，后文表示互聯(lián)網(wǎng)可以扭轉(zhuǎn)這種流向，與前文形成轉(zhuǎn)折。另外，下一段

開(kāi)頭問(wèn)：什么是有意義的上傳呢?可見(jiàn)空格處必須出現(xiàn)meaningfuluploading,這樣

下文才能有所指，G項(xiàng)中有這個(gè)詞語(yǔ)。綜上所述，G項(xiàng)為正確答案。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearctwo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.Thesocialsciencesareflourishing.

Asof2005,therewerealmosthalfamillionprofessionalsocialscientistsfromallfields

intheworld,workingbothinsideandoutsideacademia.AccordingtotheWorldSocial

ScienceReport2010,thenumberofsocial-sciencestudentsworldwidehasswollenby

about11%everyyearsince2000.Yetthisenormousresourceisnotcontributingenough

totoday'sglobalchallengesincludingclimatechange,security,sustainabledevelopment

andhealth.[Cl].Humanityhasthenecessaryagro-technologicaltoolsto

eradicatehunger,fromgeneticallyengineeredcropstoartificialfertilizers.Here,too.the

problemsaresocial:theorganizationanddistributionoffood,wealthandprosperity.

[C2]Thisisashame—thecommunityshouldbegraspingtheopportunityto

raiseitsinfluenceintherealworld.ToparaphrasethegreatsocialscientistJoseph

Schumpeter:thereisnoradicalinnovationwithoutcreativedestruction.Today,thesocial

sciencesarelargelyfocusedondisciplinaryproblemsandinternalscholarlydebates,

ratherthanontopicswithexternalimpact.Analysesrevealthatthenumberofpapers

includingthekeywords"environmentalchange"or"climatechange"haveincreased

rapidlysince2004.[C3]Whensocialscientistsdotacklepracticalissues,their

scopeisoftenlocal:BelgiumisinterestedmainlyintheeffectsofpovertyonBelgium,

forexample.Andwhetherthecommunity'sworkcontributesmuchtoanoverall

accumulationofknowledgeisdoubtful.Theproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountof

availablefunding.[C4].Thisisanadequateamountsolongasitisaimedinthe

rightdirection.Socialscientistswhocomplainaboutalackoffundingshouldnotexpect

moreintoday'seconomicclimate.Thetrickistodirectthesefundsbetter.TheEuropean

UnionFrameworkfundingprogramshavelonghadacategoryspecificallytargetedat

socialscientists.Thisyear,itwasproposedthatthesystembechanged:Horizon2020,a

newprogramtobeenactedin2014,wouldnothavesuchacategory.Thishasresultedin

protestsfromsocialscientists.Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience;rather,the

completeopposite.[C5].Thatshouldcreatemorecollaborativeendeavorsand

helptodevelopprojectsaimeddirectlyatsolvingglobalproblems.[A]Itcouldbethat

wcarcevolvingtwocommunitiesofsocialscientists:onethatisdisciplinc-oricntcdand

publishinginhighlyspecializedjournals,andonethatisproblem-orientedandpublishing

elsewhere,suchaspolicybriefs.[B]However,thenumbersarestillsmall:in2010,about

1,600ofthe100,000social-sciencespaperspublishedgloballyincludedoneofthese

keywords.[C]Theideaistoforcesocialscientiststointegratetheirworkwithother

categories,includinghealthanddemographicchange,foodsecurity,marineresearchand

thebio-economy,clear,efficientenergy;andinclusive,innovativeandsecuresocieties.

[D]Thesolutionistochangethemindsetoftheacademiccommunity,andwhatit

considerstobeitsmaingoal.Globalchallengesandsocialinnovationoughttoreceive

muchmoreattentionfromscientists,especiallytheyoungones.[E]Theseissuesallhave

rootcausesinhumanbehavior:allrequirebehavioralchangeandsocialinnovations,as

wellastechnologicaldevelopmentStemmingclimatechange,forexample,isasmuch

aboutchangingconsumptionpatternsandpromotingtaxacceptanceasitisabout

developingcleanenergy.[F]Despitethesefactors,manysocialscientistsseemreluctant

totacklesuchproblems.AndinEurope,someareupinarmsoveraproposaltodropa

specificfundingcategoryforsocial-scienceresearchandtointegrateitwithincross-

cuttingtopicsofsustainabledevelopment.[G]Duringthelate1990s,nationalspending

onsocialsciencesandthehumanitiesasapercentageofallresearchanddevelopment

funds—includinggovernment,highereducation,non-profitandcorporate—variedfrom

around4%to25%;inmostEuropeannations,itisabout15%.

6、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：空格前提到了復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)的globalchallenges,整句話(huà)的意思為“這個(gè)巨

大的能源并不足以抵御今天的全球化挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、社會(huì)安全、可持續(xù)發(fā)展

和人體健康該項(xiàng)首句theseissues說(shuō)明前文或者有issues這個(gè)單詞出現(xiàn)，或者出

現(xiàn)表示issue的復(fù)數(shù)同義名詞，或者出現(xiàn)若干個(gè)具體的issue內(nèi)容，在這里these

issues即指代空格前所提到的復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)globalchallenges,以及該項(xiàng)第二句的

climalcchange舉例說(shuō)明即是空前所列出的問(wèn)題之一，弁且該項(xiàng)提及解次氣候變化

的問(wèn)題，很好地啟示了下文。

7、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該項(xiàng)開(kāi)頭出現(xiàn)邏輯關(guān)系詞despite,且之后還出現(xiàn)了代詞these,所以

F項(xiàng)必然是正確答案之一。根據(jù)代詞的原則，該項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)thesefactors和such

problems,那么前文一定會(huì)出現(xiàn)這兩個(gè)詞本身或者其同義詞。不難發(fā)現(xiàn)，在本題空

格前面出現(xiàn)了problems"這方面的問(wèn)題也是社會(huì)性的：對(duì)食物的組織和分配，財(cái)富

和繁榮”。因此F項(xiàng)“盡管存在這些因素，很多社會(huì)科學(xué)家似乎不愿意解決這些問(wèn)

題”即為正確選項(xiàng)，該項(xiàng)中l(wèi)hese「aciors指代上段末句提到的社會(huì)因素、而“很多科

學(xué)家不愿意解決此問(wèn)題”就是下文提及的thiSo

8、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)系知識(shí)點(diǎn)，however連接部分前后相反。因此B項(xiàng)談及的

話(huà)題，前一句一定也會(huì)涉及。B項(xiàng)提及的是關(guān)于numbers的話(huà)題，空前一句講到

thenumberofpapersincluding...haveincreasedrapidly...,同時(shí)，B項(xiàng)提至『'the

numbersarestillsmall”（數(shù)量非常?。?空前信息是"thenumber...increasedrapidly”（數(shù)

量增長(zhǎng)非常迅速），兩者在語(yǔ)意上構(gòu)成了明顯的轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。所以正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

9、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：G

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：該段第一句提到ITheproblemisnotnecessarilytheamountofavailable

funding,其表達(dá)的含義是：事情的問(wèn)題不是可用資金的數(shù)目。那接下來(lái)要講的內(nèi)

容一定和資金有關(guān)系。該題空格之后出現(xiàn)“thisisanadequateamount”其含義是：這

個(gè)資金數(shù)目是足夠的。那么ihis指代的內(nèi)容一定和adequaleamounl相關(guān)，而G項(xiàng)

的題卜是“nationalspendingvariedfrom4%to25%”,其表述的內(nèi)容正是資金的總

量。因此G項(xiàng)為正確答案。

10、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析:空前的信息Buttheintentionisnottoneglectsocialscience；rather?the

completeopposite,是指目的不是為了忽略社會(huì)科學(xué)家，而是完全相反。根據(jù)語(yǔ)意

銜接，本題的內(nèi)容會(huì)說(shuō)明歐盟這一做法的真正目的，并且這一目的對(duì)于社會(huì)科學(xué)家

一定是積極的。即應(yīng)當(dāng)是neglectsocialscience的相反的內(nèi)容，談?wù)搶?duì)于social

science的重視。同時(shí)，根據(jù)下文中出現(xiàn)的信息線(xiàn)索Thatshouldcreatemore

collaborativeendeavors,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)C項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了一個(gè)collaborativeendeavors的同義

表達(dá)toforcesocialscientiststointegratetheirwork…。故正確答案為C項(xiàng)。

Inthefollowingtext,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1-5,choosethe

mostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblanks.Therearetwo

extrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyoftheblanks.LongbeforeManlivedontheEarth,

therewerefishes,reptiles,birds,insects,andsomemammals.Althoughsomeofthese

animalswereancestorsofkindslivingtoday,othersarenowextinct,thatis,theyhaveno

descendantsalivenow.[Cl]Veryoccasionallytherocksshowimpressionof

skin,sothat,apartfromcolor,wecanbuildupareasonablyaccuratepictureofananimal

thatdiedmillionsofyearsago.Thatkindofrockinwhichtheremainsarefoundtellsus

muchaboutthenatureoftheoriginalland,oftenoftheplantsthatgrewonit,andevenof

itsclimate.[C2]Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks

formedbywateraction,andmostoftheseareofanimalsthatlivedinornearwater.Thus

itfollowsthattheremustbemanykindsofmammals,birds,andinsectsofwhichwc

knownothing.[C3]Therewerealsocrablikecreatures,whosebodieswere

coveredwithahornysubstance.Thebodysegmentseachhadtwopairsoflegs,onepair

forwalkingonthesandybottom,theotherforswimming.Theheadwasakindofshield

withapairofcompoundeyes,oftenwiththousandsoflenses.Theywereusuallyaninch

ortwolongbutsomewere2feet.[C4]Ofthese,theammonitesarevery

interestingandimportant.Theyhaveashellcomposedofmanychambers,each

representingatemporaryhomeoftheanimal.Astheyounggrewlargeritgrewanew

chamberandsealedoffthepreviousone.Thousandsofthesecanbeseenintherockson

theDorsetCoast.[C5]About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswas

overandmostofthegroupsdiedout.Themammalsquicklydeveloped,andwecantrace

theevolutionofmanyfamiliaranimalssuchastheelephantandhorse.Manyofthelater

mammalsthoughnowextinct,wereknowntoprimitivemanandwerefeaturedbyhimin

cavepaintingsandonbonecarvings.|A]Theshellfishhavealonghistoryintherockand

manydifferentkindsareknown.[B]Nevertheless,weknowagreatdealaboutmanyof

thembecausetheirbonesandshellshavebeenpreservedintherocksasfossils,from

themwecantelltheirsizeandshape,howtheywalked,thekindoffoodtheyate.[C]The

firstanimalswithtruebackboneswerethefishes,firstknownintherocksof375million

yearsago.About300millionyearsagotheamphibians,theanimalsabletolivebothon

landandinwater,appeared.Theyweregiant,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthem

livedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayerisformed.Theamphibians

gaverisetothereptilesandfornearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsof

lifeonland,inthesea,andintheair.[D]Thebestindexfossilstendtobemarine

creatures.Theseanimalsevolvedrapidlyandspreadoverlargeoverlargeareasofthe

world.[E]Theearliestanimalswhoseremainshavebeenfoundwereallverysimple

kindsandlivedinthesea.Laterformsarcmorecomplex,andamongthesearcthesca-

lilies,relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbyalongstalk

totheseabed,ortorocks.[F]Whenananimaldies,thebody,itsbones,orshell,may

oftenbecarriedawaybystreamsintolakesortheseaandtheregetcoveredupbymud.If

theanimallivedintheseaitsbodywouldprobablysinkandbecoveredwithmud.More

andmoremudwouldfalluponituntilthebonesorshellbecomeembeddedand

preserved.[G]Manyfactorscaninfluencehowfossilsarcpreservedinrocks.Remainsof

anorganismmaybereplacedbyminerals,dissolvedbyanacidicsolutiontoleaveonly

theirimpression,orsimplyreducedtoamorestableform.

11、[Cl]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：B

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：畫(huà)線(xiàn)處位于第一段末尾，考查畫(huà)線(xiàn)處前后的語(yǔ)義關(guān)系發(fā)現(xiàn)，前文中說(shuō)

動(dòng)物滅絕了，暗含的意思是我們不可能得到這些動(dòng)物的任何信息，而后面的句子說(shuō)

我們可以對(duì)這些動(dòng)物形成準(zhǔn)確的印象.因此，前后文形成了明顯的對(duì)比關(guān)系，四個(gè)

選項(xiàng)中能夠表達(dá)這種關(guān)系的，只有B項(xiàng)。此外，第二段開(kāi)頭Veryoccasionallythe

rocksshowimpressionofskin,rocks的前面使用T定冠詞the修飾，這表明rocks在

前文中一定出現(xiàn)過(guò)，但第一段中并沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)關(guān)于rocks的內(nèi)容，因此可以確定，關(guān)

于rocks的內(nèi)容一定出現(xiàn)在要填入的選項(xiàng)中。B項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了動(dòng)物的骨骼被保存在the

rocks中變成化石的論述，由此可以判斷B項(xiàng)是正確答案。

12、[C2]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：F

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題出現(xiàn)在第三段首句，從答題策略來(lái)看，應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)看后文的敘述，

后文中water重復(fù)了兩遍，說(shuō)明water是本段落的重點(diǎn)信息。同時(shí)這一信息很可能

會(huì)在上下文中出現(xiàn)，即我們要填入的信息中出現(xiàn)water的復(fù)現(xiàn)詞或同義詞。對(duì)比選

項(xiàng)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)了lake,stream,river,sea等同類(lèi)詞匯，因此可以判斷F項(xiàng)為正確

答案。本題最大的干擾項(xiàng)為G項(xiàng)，因?yàn)镚項(xiàng)一開(kāi)始就有howfossilsatepreserved與

下文Nearlyallofthefossilsthatweknowwerepreservedinrocks…所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容從形

式上來(lái)看似乎是吻合的；但是G項(xiàng)后面講的是動(dòng)物遺體上的有機(jī)組織(organism)可

能轉(zhuǎn)化成幾種形式，而本題空口處后面的內(nèi)容則告訴人們Nearlyallofthefossils

thatweknowwerepreservedinrocksformedbywateraction,語(yǔ)義上主要說(shuō)明水的運(yùn)

動(dòng)對(duì)于化石保存下來(lái)所起的作用.因此兩者在語(yǔ)義的銜接上是不連貫的。

13、[C3]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：E

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：本題選擇的特征詞是“also”。“also”表并列關(guān)系，語(yǔ)義上對(duì)前文進(jìn)行補(bǔ)

充和說(shuō)明，這就證明本題前面的句子中應(yīng)當(dāng)與also后的crablikecreatures（類(lèi)似螃蟹

的生物）相并列的內(nèi)容，或者出現(xiàn)了有關(guān)“類(lèi)似螃蟹的生物'’的描述的信息。比較選

項(xiàng)可以發(fā)現(xiàn)，E項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)的信息Lalerformsaremorecomplex,andamongtheseare

thesea-lilies,relationsofthestar-fishes,whichhadlongarmsandwereattachedbva

longstalktotheseabed,ortorocks描述了一些生物具有“類(lèi)似螃蟹的信息”：had

longamisandwereattachedbyalongstalktotheseabed,ortorock（有長(zhǎng)觸角且通過(guò)

長(zhǎng)莖吸附到海床或巖石上）。因此，E項(xiàng)是正確答案。

14、[C4]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：A

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：下文一開(kāi)始就出現(xiàn)了指示代詞these,這說(shuō)明試題前面的句子表明了

一類(lèi)事物，也就是說(shuō)，試題部分應(yīng)該有“some,several,many”或類(lèi)似的詞，對(duì)比

答案只能是A項(xiàng)TheshellGshhavealonghistoryintherockandmanydifferentkinds

areknown.里面出現(xiàn)了manydifferentkindsof,這個(gè)短語(yǔ)和后面的指示代詞these

形成了對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。

15、[C5]

標(biāo)準(zhǔn)答案：C

知識(shí)點(diǎn)解析：文章前面幾段講的都是動(dòng)物不斷進(jìn)化的過(guò)程，而下文中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)

About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasover表明文章對(duì)地球上動(dòng)物進(jìn)化過(guò)

程的描寫(xiě)很有可能是按照時(shí)間順序，因此本題所在的段落和下面的段落很可能存在

時(shí)間上的延續(xù)關(guān)系，即本題所在的段落很可能會(huì)提到比75millionyearsago更早的

時(shí)間。通過(guò)對(duì)比選項(xiàng)可知C項(xiàng)中的兩個(gè)表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)375millionyears和150

millionyears和下一個(gè)段落中提到的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)具有了延續(xù)性，是正確答案。此外，

劃線(xiàn)處后的About75millionyearsagotheAgeofReptileswasoverandmostofthe

groupsdiedout中的Replile在前文中從沒(méi)有提到，在下文中又沒(méi)有作為新信息，因

而正確答案的選項(xiàng)中一定有這個(gè)詞c只有C項(xiàng)中有Theamphibiansgaverisetothe

reptilesfbrnearly150millionyearstheseweretheprincipalformsoflifeonland,in

thesea,andinthesea,andintheair,所以正確答案只能是C項(xiàng)。

ForQuestions1-5,choosethemostsuitableparagraphsfromthelistA-Gtofilltheminto

thenumberedboxestoformacoherenttext.ParagraphEhasbeencorrectlyplaced.

Thereisoneparagraphwhichdoesnotfitinwiththetext.[A]Thefirstandmore

importantistheconsumer'sgrowingpreferenceforeatingout;consumptionoffoodand

drinkinplacesotherthanhomeshasrisenfromabout32percentoftotalconsumptionin

1995to35percentin2000andisexpectedtoapproach38percentby2005.This

developmentisboostingwholesaledemandfromthefoodservicesegmentby4to5

percentayearacrossEurope,comparedwithgrowthinretaildemandof1to2percent.

Meanwhile,astherecessionisloominglarge,peoplearegettinganxious.Theytendto

keepatighterholdontheirpurseandconsidereatingalhomearealisticalternative.[B]

RetailsalesoffoodanddrinkinEurope'slargestmarketsareatastandstill,leaving

Europeangroceryretailershungryforopportunitiestogrow.Mostleadingretailershave

alreadytriede-commerce,withlimitedsuccess,andexpansionabroad.Butalmostall

haveignoredthebig,profitableopportunityintheirownbackyard:thewholesalefood

anddrinktrade,whichappearstobejustthekindofmarketretailersneed.|C|Willsuch

variationsbringaboutachangeintheoverallstructureofthefoodanddrinkmarket?

Definitelynot.Thefunctioningofthemarketisbasedonflexibletrendsdominatedby

potentialbuyers.Inotherwords,itisuptothebuyer,ratherthantheseller,todecide

whattobuy.Atanyrate,thischangewillultimatelybeacclaimedbyanever-growing

numberofbothdomesticandinternationalconsumers,regardlessofhowlongthecurrent

consumerpatternwilltakehold.[D]Allinall,thisclearlyseemstobeamarketinwhich

bigretailerscouldprofitablyapplytheirscale,existinginfrastructure,andprovenskillsin

themanagementofproductranges,logistics,andmarketingintelligence.Retailersthat

mastertheintricaciesofwholesalinginEuropemaywellexpecttorakeinsubstantial

profitsthereby.Atleast,thatishowitlooksasawhole.Closerinspectionreveals

importantdifferencesamongthebiggestnationalmarkets,especiallyintheircustomer

segmentsandwholesalestructures,aswellasthecompetitivedynamicsofindividual

foodanddrinkcategories.Bigretailersmustunderstandthesedifferencesbeforetheycan

identifythesegmentsofEuropeanwholesalinginwhichtheirparticularabilitiesmight

unseatsmallerbutentrenchedcompetitors.Newskillsandunfamiliarbusinessmodelsare

needed,too.[E]Despitevariationsindetail,wholesalemarketsinthecountriesthathave

beencloselyexamined—France,Germany,ItalyandSpain-aremadeoutofthesame

buildingblocks.Demandcomesmainlyfromtwosources:independentmom-and-pop

grocerystores,whichunlikelargeretailchains,aretoosmalltobuystraightfrom

producers,andfoodserviceoperatorsthatcatertoconsumerswhentheydon'teatat

home.Suchfoodservic