Teacher：HUHUIHUI(Lisa)船舶管理Shipmanagement江蘇高校省級(jí)留學(xué)生英文授課精品課程Task1

Classificationandcharacteristicsofship(3)目錄/Contents01OilTankerBulkCarrier0203LiquefiedGasCarrierLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrier0405PassengerShipTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerTherearetwobasictypesofoiltankers:thecrudetankerandtheproducttanker.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerThedemandforcrudeoilisconstantlyincreasing.Oiltankers,inparticularcrudecarriers,havesignificantlyincreasedinsizeinordertoobtaintheeconomiesofscale.DesignationssuchasULCC(UltraLargeCrudeCarrier)andVLCC(VeryLargeCrudeCarrier)havebeenusedforthesehugevessels.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerThesizeandlocationofthesecargotanksaredictatedbytheInternationalMaritimeOrganizationConventionMARPOL1973/78.ThisConventionanditsProtocolof1978furtherrequiretheuseofsegregatedballasttanks(SBT)andtheirlocationsuchthatprovideabarrieragainstaccidentaloilspillage.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerAnoiltankerwhenonaballastvoyagemustuseonlyitssegregatedballasttanksinordertoachieveasafeoperatingcondition.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerOilTankerTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipOilTankerEachtankhasitsownsuctionarrangementwhichconnectstothepumps,andanetworkofpipingdischargesthecargotothedeckfromwhereitispumpedashore.

BulkCarrierTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Theeconomiesofscalehavealsobeengainedinthebulkcarriageofcargoessuchasgrain,sugarandore.Abulkcarrierisasingle-deckvesselwiththecargocarryingsectionsoftheshipdividedintoholdsortanks.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Theholdortankarrangementsvaryaccordingtotherangeofcargoestobecarried.Combinationcarriersarebulkcarrierswhichhavebeendesignedtocarryanyoneofseveralbulkcargoesonaparticularvoyage,e.g.oreorcrudeoilordrybulkcargo.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

bulkcarriers(散貨船）generalcargoship（雜貨船）Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Inageneral-purposebulkcarrier,onlythecentralsectionoftheholdisusedforcargo.Thepartitionedtankswhichsurroundtheholdareusedforballastpurposeswhenonballastvoyages.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Theupper,orsaddle,tanksmaybeballastedinordertoraisetheship’scentreofgravitywhenalowdensitycargoiscarried.Thisholdshapealsoresultsinaself-trimmingcargo.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Duringunloadingthebulkcargofallsintothespacebelowthehatchwayandenablestheuseofgrabsorothermechanicalunloaders.Largehatchwaysareaparticularfeatureofbulkcarrierssincetheyreducecargohandlingtimeduringloadingandunloading.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Theore/bulk/oil(OBO)bulkcarrieriscurrentlythemostpopularcombinationbulkcarrier.Ithasacargocarryingcross-sectionsimilartothegeneralbulkcarrier.Thestructureis,however,significantlystronger,sincethebulkheadmustbeoiltightandthedoublebottommustwithstandthehighdensityoreload.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Manybulkcarriersdonotcarrycargo-handlingequipment,sincetheytradebetweenspecialterminalswhichhavespecialequipment.Wherecargohandlinggearisfitted(gearedbulkcarriers),thisdoesmakethevesselmoreflexible.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipBulkCarrier

Combinationcarriershandlingoilcargoeshavetheirowncargopumpsandpipingsystemsfordischargingoil.TheywillalsoberequiredtoconformtotherequirementsofMARPOL73/78.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedGasCarrierThebulktransportofnaturalgasesinliquefiedformbeganin1959andhassteadilyincreasedsincethen.Specialistshipsarenowusedtocarrythevarioustypesofgasesinavarietyoftanksystems,combinedwitharrangementsforpressurizingandrefrigeratingthegas.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedGasCarrierTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedGasCarrierNaturalgasisfoundandreleasedasaresultofoil-drillingoperations.Itisamixtureofmethane,ethane,propane,butaneandpentane.Theheaviergases,propaneandbutane,aretermed“petroleumgases”.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedGasCarrierTheremainder,whichconsistslargelyofmethane,isknownas“naturalgas”.Theproperties,andthereforethebehaviour,ofthesetwobasicgroupsvaryconsiderably,thusrequiringdifferentmeansofcontainmentandstorageduringtransportation.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

Naturalgasis,byproportion,75.95%methaneandhasaboilingpointof-162℃atatmosphericpressure.Methanehascriticaltemperatureof-82℃.ThismeansthatitcannotbeliquefiedbytheapplicationofpressureabovethistemperatureTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

LNGTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

Apresentof17barisnecessarytoliquefymethaneat-82℃.Itisnot,therefore,possibletoliquefythegasatnormaltemperatures.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

Liquefiednaturalgascarriersaredesignedtocarrythegasinitsliquidformatatmosphericpressureandatemperatureintheregionof-164℃.Theshipdesignmustthereforedealwithprotectingthesteelstructurefromthelowtemperature,reducingthelossofgasandavoidingitsleakageintotheoccupiedregionofthevessel.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

Tankdesignsaredividedintothreecategories,namelyself-supportingorfree-standing,membraneandsemi-membrane.Theself-supportingtankisconstructedtoacceptanyloadsimposedbythecargo.Amembranetankrequirestheinsulationbetweenthetankandthehulltobeloadbearing.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

Singleordoublemetallicmembranesmaybeused,withinsulationseparatingthetwomembraneskins.Thesemi-membranedesignhasanalmostrectangularcross-sectionandthetankisunsupportedatthecorners.Eacharrangementusesadoublehulltypeofconstructionwiththespacebetweenbeingusedforwaterballast.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedNaturalGasTanker

LNGTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrier

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrier

Petroleumgasmaybepropane,propylene,butaneoramixtureofeach.Allthreehavecriticaltemperaturesabovenormalambienttemperaturesandcanbeliquefiedatlowtemperaturesatatmosphericpressure,normaltemperaturesunderconsiderablepressure,orsomeconditionbetween.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrier

Theshipdesignmust,therefore,protectthesteelhullwherelowtemperaturesareused,reducethegasloss,avoidgasleakageandperhapsincorporatepressurizedtanks.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrier

Thedoublehullconstruction,cargopumpingarrangements,accommodationandmachinerylocationareallsimilartoaliquefiednaturalgascarrier.Are-liqueficationplantis,however,carriedandanycargoboil-offisreturnedtothetanksafterliquefying.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipLiquefiedPetroleumGasCarrierLNGTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Passengershipscanbeconsideredintwocategories,theluxurylinerandtheoceangoingferry.Theluxurylinerisdedicatedtotheluxurioustransportofitshuman“cargo”.Theocean-goingferryprovidesanecessarylinkinatransportsystembetweencountries.Itoftencarriesroll-on/roll-offinadditiontoitspassengers.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Ocean-goingferriesareacombinationofroll-on/roll-offandpassengervessels.Thevesselisthereforemadeupinthreelayers,thelowermachineryspace,thecardecksandthepassengeraccommodation.Alargesterndoorandsometimesalsoaliftingbowprovideaccessforthewheeledcargotothevariousdeckswhichareconnectedbyramps.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Thepassengeraccommodationwillvaryaccordingtothelengthofthejourney.Forshort-haulorchannelcrossingspublicroomswithaircraft-typeseatswillbeprovided.Forlongdistanceferriescabinsandleisurefacilitieswillbeprovidedwhichmaybeuptothestandardofcruiseliners.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

Stabilizersandbowthrustersarealsousuallyfittedtoocean-goingferries.Sizewillvaryaccordingtorouterequirementsandspeedsarehighataround20~22knots.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipPassengerShip

感謝聆聽(tīng)ThanksForlistening!Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipShipsofSpecialType

Manyspecialtypesofshipshavebeendevelopedinrecentyears.Itisnotproposedtodiscussfurthervariationsrelatingtothecargocarried.Thespecialtypesconsideredinthefollowingparagraphsaretheresultofdevelopmentsintechnologyandarehovercraft,hydrofoilboatsandmulti-hullships.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftThehovercraftintroducesanewprincipleasfarasshipsareconcerned.Anormalshipissupportedbythehydrostaticpressureactingontheimmersedsurface.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftInthehovercraftthesupportisgeneratedbyanaircushioncreatedbyblowingairoutofacurtainorskirtsurroundingtheboat,andpressureisbuiltupwhichsupportsthecraft.Propulsionisusually,butnotnecessary,bymeansofairscrews.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftTheeffectoftheaircushionistoreducetheresistancetothemotionthroughthewatersothathigherspeedsarepossibleforagivenexpenditureofpower.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftThesystemhasbeenusedsuccessfullyincross-channelservicesbetweenUKandtheContinent.Thebehaviourofshipsofthistypeinroughweatherisbeingsatisfactorilyresolved,inparticularforcrosschannelandothershort-haulroutes.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftThehovercraftiscommerciallyemployedasapassengerferryonavarietyofshort-haulroutes.Thestructureconsistsofacentralbuoyancytankwithouterboxstructureswhichsupportthedieselenginesandfans.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftThepassengerseatingislocatedabovethisstructurewiththecontrolcabinonedeckhigher.Ductedpropellersandruddersarelocatedafttoprovideforwardpropulsion.Centrifugalliftfansdrivenbydieselenginescreatethecushion.Airjetdrivenbowthrustersareprovidedtoimprovemanoeuverability.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHovercraftTask1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHydrofoilBoat

Hydrofoilboatsmakeuseofthesameprincipleinvolvedintheflightofaircraft.Hydrofoilsareattachedtothebottomoftheshipbymeansofstruts,andwhentheshipmovesthroughwateraliftforceisgeneratedjustasoccurswhenanairplanewingmovesthroughtheair.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHydrofoilBoat

Bycorrectadjustmentoftheangleofincidenceofthehydrofoiltheliftcanbemadetobejustequaltotheweightoftheship,whichisraisedclearofthewater.Theresistanceistherebyreduced,beingthenonlyequaltothedragofthehydrofoils.Theresultisthathighspeedsarepossiblewithoutusingundulylargepowers.

Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHydrofoilBoat

Likethehovercraft,thehydrofoilboathasbeenusedforserviceinshelteredwatersbutitislikelythatconsiderableproblemwouldexistinreallyroughwater.Bothtypesofcrafthavestabilityproblemswhicharepeculiarlytheirown.Task1ClassificationandcharacteristicsofshipHydrofoilBoat

Theextensionoftheuseofhy