SectionATOPICTALK&LESSON1一、基礎(chǔ)鞏固Ⅰ.單句填空1.It’struethatSallyfailed.However,it’sjustatthemomentsheneedsyour(encourage).

2.Thescientistputforwardwhatopposedalltheprevious(theory).

3.Theteachertoldthenaughtyboytoleaveashewasa(disturb)totheotherstudents.

4.MichaelandDavidwatchedtheBeijingOpera,whichtheythoughtwasvery(impress).

5.LiuGangmadean(apologise)totheteacherforhistellingalie.

Ⅱ.短語填空hangout,sortout,deliver...to...,takeaphotoof,arguewith,haveproblemswith,goover,getonwellwith,base...on...,referto1.AttheTian’anmenSquarewethoseforeignerswhoenjoyedthemselvesthere.

2.Youmustyourtheorypractice.Onlyinthiswaycanyoumakeitacceptable.

3.It’susefulwhatyouhavelearnedfromtimetotime.

4.Aftergraduation,SueinAmerica,doingnothingmeaningful.

5.Asolutionmustbefoundtheproblem.

6.FredpronouncingmanyChinesecharacters,soheturnedtohisChinesefriendsforhelp.

7.Ifyoucan’trememberthecontent,youcanyournotes.

8.Calmdown.Stopeachotheroversomethingmeaningless.

9.We’llthesesuppliesthedisastrousareaassoonaspossible.

10.Theparentsfeltverypleasedbecausetheirsoncouldhisnewclassmates.

Ⅲ.課文語法填空ReferringtothetheorythatanypersononEarthcanbeconnectedtoanyotherpersonthroughachainofnomorethanfiveotherpeople,“SixDegreesofSeparation”wasfirsttalkedaboutas1.(early)asthe1920s.Inthe1950s,twoscientistsmadeanattempt2.(prove)thetheory3.(mathematic),butfailed.In1967,AmericansociologistStanleyMilgramtestedthetheorywithanewmethodcalledthe“small-worldproblem”,anditwasthisresearch4.inspiredthephrase“SixDegreesofSeparation”.

Withthetheoryandthephrase5.(appear)againinthelastfewdecades,thenameof“SixDegreesofSeparation”wasused6.thetitleofaplayandthenamovie.Afterwards,7.(base)ontheconcept,moremoviesandTVprogrammesweremadeandbroadcast.

In2003,Milgram’sexperiment8.(try)online.Knownasthe“ColumbiaSmall-worldProject”,theexperiment9.resultsconfirmedthattheaveragenumberoflinksinthechain10.(be)sixinvolved24,163emailchainswith18targetpeoplein13differentcountries.Andmostrecently,in2011anexperimentattheUniversityofMilanfound92percentsocialmediauserswereconnectedbyonlyfourstages,orfivedegreesofseparation.

二、能力提升Ⅳ.閱讀理解AAnewstudy,publishedintheJournalofExperimentalPsychology,foundthatcommunicationthatincludedvoice,likeaphonecallorvideochat,createdstrongersocialbondsthancommunicationthroughtyping,liketextmessagingoremail.Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstomeasureconnectedness.Inone,theyasked200peopletomakepredictionsaboutwhatitwouldbeliketoreconnectwithanoldfriendbyemailorbyphoneandthenaskedpeopleatrandom(隨機(jī)地)todooneortheother.Althoughpeopleexpectedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.“Peoplereportedtheydidformasignificantlystrongerbondwiththeiroldfriendonthephonethanbyemail,andtheydidnotfeelmoreawkward,”studyco-authorAmitKumar,anassistantprofessorofmarketingattheMcCombsSchoolofBusiness,saidinastatement.Inanotherexperiment,theresearchershadstrangerscommunicatebyeithertexting,talkingovervideochat,ortalkingusingonlyaudio.Theyfoundthatbothformsofvoicecommunication—whethervideooraudioonly—madethestrangersfeelsignificantlymoreconnectedthanwhentheycommunicatedbytexting.SabrinaRomanoff,aHarvardtrainedclinicalpsychologistbasedinNewYorkCity,sayspeopletendtotextoremailinsteadofcallingbecauseofconvenience,astheyseeitasacontrolledformofcommunicationwheretheycan“exchangeinformationexactlyinthewaytheyintendwithoutunexpectedadditionsbytheotherperson”.Romanoffsaysthatinreality,textingcanmakeithardtodeterminethetruemeaningbehindaconversation.“Aphonecallisactuallymoreconvenientwhenconsideringtheexacteffectsofthemessage,”sheexplains.“Eachpartyismorepresent,andtherefore,abletomeasurethemeaningbehindthecontentwithoutreflectingontheendlesspossiblemeaningsbehindwords.”1.Howwasthestudycarriedout?A.Byanalysingdata.B.Byinterviewingexperts.C.Bydoingexperiments.D.Bydoingonlineresearch.2.Whatdidpeopleexpectbeforemakingaphonecallintheexperiment?A.Emailwouldhelpthemformastrongerbond.B.Hearingsomeone’svoicewouldbeawkward.C.Astrongerbondwouldbeformedonthephone.D.Hearingsomeone’svoicemadetheexperiencebetter.3.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Textinghelpstoexchangeinformationexactly.B.Callingmakesiteasiertogettheexactmessage.C.Romanoffdoesn’tagreewiththeresultofthestudy.D.Peoplecankeepthemessageundercontrolbytexting.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.ReasonsforCallingInsteadofTextingB.ConvenienceofMakingaPhoneCallC.DifferencesBetweenCallingandTextingD.IntroductiontotheResultofaNewStudyBIwasoutformyusualmorningrunandfoundmyselfinthelate-summerheat,wishingIhadtakenawaterbottle.WhenIstoppedunderabridgeforamomentofshade,Isawtwoyoung,scruffymenstandingnexttotheirsleepingbags.Onesmiledandgentlyraisedhishandasifmotioning“hello”butdidn’tsayaword.Hewasn’taskingforanything.Ismiledandmadethesamemotionbacktohim.AsIstartedbackonmyrun,Ithoughtabouthowmuchweallcraveaconnection.Inthatmoment,thishomelessmanseemedtowanttoconnectmorethanhewantedfoodormoney.Wehaveallhadexperiencesoffeelingseparateandlonely.Ihavefeltlonelybeinginarelationshipthatwasvoidofemotionalconnection.Feelingseparationdoesn’thaveanythingtodowithbeingalone.Beingwithpeopleisaboutthehumandesiretofeelconnectedbybeingseenandvaluedbyanotherperson.Ifyourtendencyistospendtimealone,practicesayingyestoinvitations.Practicemovingtowardsratherthanawayfrompeople.Weallbenefitfromconnections.Thathomelessmanimpactedmyday.Afterencounteringhim,Ifeltmoregrateful—appreciatingallthatIhave.Hetriggeredmycompassion—Ifoundmyselffeelingempathyforhim.Ihadthechoicetomovetowardsseparationorconnection.WeretheremanywaysinwhichheandIareverydifferent?Absolutely!Aretheremanywaysinwhichwearealike?Absolutely!IcanreflectontimeswhenIwasinasituationIhadneverexpected,timeswhenIfeltbroken,timeswhenIfeltatalowpoint,andtimeswhenIneededsomeonetostopandacknowledgemeashemayhavebeenfeelingthismorning.5.Whydidtheauthorstopunderabridge?A.Togreettwohomelesspeople.B.Totakeabreak.C.Togetawaterbottle.D.Toaskforhelp.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crave”inparagraph2mean?A.Praise.B.Describe.C.Haveadesirefor. D.Developadislikein.7.Whichwordcandescribetheauthor’sfeelingaftermeetingthehomelesspeople?A.Sorrowful. B.Relieved.C.Embarrassed. D.Thankful.8.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Connection!WeNeedIt!B.HomelessPeopleNeedCareC.AMeaningfulDayD.AskforSeparationⅤ.七選五Deliveringpresentationsisaneverydayartformthatanyonecanmaster.Tocaptureyouraudience’sattention,presentyourinformationwitheaseandconfidence.Actasifyouareinaconversationwithyouraudience,andtheywillpayattentiontoyou.1

Giveitthe“bar”test.The“bar”testensuresthatyourideaisclearandyourstorytellingiseffective.Beforeyouwriteyourpresentation,makenotessketchingoutyourmessage.Thinkofitasastory,withabeginning,middle,andend.Thenaskacolleagueorfriendwhoknowsnothingaboutyourprojecttolistentoyoursummary.2

Preparefornerves.It’simportanttorehearse(排練)infrontofpeoplebecauseitwillmakeyoulessnervouswhenthetimecomes.Ifyoutendtogetnervouswhenyougivepresentations,youcangofurtherduringyourrehearsalsinordertoreduceyournerves.3Forinstance,ifyourfearis“I’llforgetwhatI’msaying”,youcanprepareaplanlike,“IfIforgetwhatI’msaying,I’llpause,scanmynotes,andfindthenextimportantpointIneedtomake.”

4Smile,raiseyoureyebrows,andotherwisetellyourstorythroughfeelingsaswellasfacts.Showyouraudienceyourownpassionforthetopic.Sayeverythingasifyoufinditinterestingandexpectthemtobeinterestedbyitaswell.Yourenthusiasmwillbeinfectious.

Findwaystomakeyourpresentationinteractive.5Asksomeonetotellajoketogetyouwarmedup,orquizaudiencemembersabouttheirexperiencewithsomethingrelatedtoyourtopic.Ifit’salargegroup,askquestionsthateachaudiencemembercananswerwithashowofhands.

A.Showyouremotion.B.Mindyourbodylanguage.C.It’sgoodtothinkaboutwhatyou’lldoineachsituation.D.Iftheycansummarizeyourmessageaccurately,that’sagoodsign.E.Togetthisleveloffluency,you’dbetterpractice,practiceandpractice.F.Ifyouareworkingwithasmallcrowd,youcantalkdirectlytomembersoftheaudience.G.Itmayhelptostartyourpresentationwithaquestionoradilemmasotheyfeelinvolvedfromthestart.

參考答案Ⅰ.1.encouragement2.theories3.disturbance4.impressive5.apologyⅡ.1.tookaphotoof2.base;on3.togoover4.hungout5.tosortout6.hadproblemswith7.referto8.arguingwith9.deliver;to10.getonwellwithⅢ.1.early2.toprove3.mathematically4.that5.havingappeared6.as7.based8.wastried9.whose10.wasⅣ.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),與文字相比,語音能建立更強(qiáng)的社交紐帶。1.C細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Inthestudy,researchersusedvariousexperimentstomeasureconnectedness.”可知,研究人員是通過做實驗展開研究,故選C項。2.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Althoughpeopleexpectedthataphonecallwouldbemoreawkward,hearingsomeone’svoiceactuallymadetheexperiencebetter.”可知,打電話之前,人們認(rèn)為聽到別人的聲音會很尷尬,故選B項。3.B推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知,打電話能夠讓人獲得更準(zhǔn)確的信息,故選B項。4.A主旨大意題。通讀全文,特別是根據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容可知,本文主要介紹的是與文字相比,語音能建立更強(qiáng)的社交紐帶,故選A項?！菊Z篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議文。作者在晨跑中遇到的流浪漢這件小事,明白了人需要與外界保持聯(lián)系。5.B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“WhenIstoppedunderabridgeforamomentofshade”可知,作者在晚夏時跑步,炎熱難耐,希望喝一杯水。所以,其在橋下停下來是為了躲避炎熱,