2025全國(guó)英語(yǔ)等級(jí)考試（PETS）二級(jí)試卷：英語(yǔ)學(xué)術(shù)研究方法考試時(shí)間：______分鐘總分：______分姓名：______一、單項(xiàng)選擇題要求：從下列各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，完成句子。1.Accordingtotheacademicresearchmethod,whichofthefollowingisnotastepintheresearchprocess?A.IdentifyingtheresearchquestionB.CollectingdataC.PresentingtheresultsD.Makingdecisionsbasedonthedata2.Inaqualitativeresearchstudy,whichmethodismostcommonlyusedtocollectdata?A.SurveysB.ExperimentsC.InterviewsD.Observations3.Aquantitativeresearchstudyofteninvolves:A.GatheringlargeamountsofdataB.ConductinginterviewsC.UsingqualitativedataanalysisD.Focusingonspecific,detailedcasestudies4.Thescientificmethodisbasedontheideathat:A.AllphenomenaareunpredictableB.NatureisorderlyandfollowscertainpatternsC.ResearchisalwaysconductedbyasingleresearcherD.Onlyempiricalevidenceisaccepted5.Anullhypothesisstatesthat:A.ThereisarelationshipbetweenvariablesB.ThereisnorelationshipbetweenvariablesC.TheindependentvariablehasaneffectonthedependentvariableD.Thedependentvariablehasaneffectontheindependentvariable6.Inordertotestthehypothesisthatreadingskillsimprovewithage,aresearchermight:A.ConductanexperimentwithtwogroupsofparticipantsB.UseaquestionnairetocollectdatafromalargenumberofparticipantsC.ConductacasestudyonasingleparticipantD.Performastatisticalanalysisofexistingdata7.Oneofthestrengthsofthecasestudymethodisthatit:A.ProvidesdetailedinformationaboutaparticularcaseB.AllowsresearcherstomakebroadgeneralizationsaboutapopulationC.RequireslargeamountsofdatacollectionD.Canbeusedtotestaspecifichypothesis8.Aresearchproposalshouldincludewhichofthefollowingsections?A.Introduction,methodology,results,discussionB.Methodology,results,discussion,conclusionC.Introduction,literaturereview,methodology,conclusionD.Methodology,literaturereview,results,introduction9.Inordertoensurethevalidityofaresearchstudy,whichofthefollowingismostimportant?A.ThesamplesizeB.TheresearchdesignC.ThestatisticalanalysisD.Theresearchquestion10.Aqualitativeresearchstudythatfocusesontheexperiencesofcancersurvivorsmightusewhichmethodtocollectdata?A.SurveysB.InterviewsC.ExperimentsD.Observations二、填空題要求：根據(jù)所學(xué)知識(shí)，在下列每個(gè)空格處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語(yǔ)。1.Ina______researchstudy,theresearcherfocusesonunderstandingthemeanings,experiences,andmotivationsofindividuals.2.______istheprocessoforganizing,analyzing,andinterpretingdata.3.______isasystematicwayofstudyingphenomenausingempiricalevidence.4.The______hypothesisistheoppositeofthenullhypothesisandstatesthatthereisarelationshipbetweenvariables.5.Ina______study,theresearchercollectsandanalyzesdatafromasmallgroupofindividuals.6.The______methodisoftenusedtotesthypothesesthatcanbeprovenordisproven.7.A______researchstudyinvolvescollectingandanalyzingdatafromalargegroupofpeople.8.______isatypeofqualitativeresearchthatfocusesonunderstandingtheexperiencesandperspectivesofindividuals.9.The______ofaresearchstudyreferstothedegreetowhichthefindingsareaccurateandreliable.10.The______ofaresearchstudyreferstothedegreetowhichthefindingscanbegeneralizedtootherpopulations.四、完形填空要求：閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Theimportanceofresearchinanyacademicfieldcannotbeoverstated.Researchallowsustoexplorenewideas,testtheories,andcontributetothebodyofknowledgeinourrespectivedisciplines.Inthissection,wewilldiscussdifferenttypesofresearchmethodsandtheirapplications.Thefirsttypeofresearchisdescriptiveresearch.Itinvolvesobservinganddescribingaphenomenonwithoutattemptingtoexplainwhyitoccurs.Thismethodisoftenusedin_______researchtoprovideadetaileddescriptionofaparticular_______.A.qualitative,situationB.quantitative,eventC.mixed-method,behaviorD.quantitative,populationThesecondtypeisexploratoryresearch.Thistypeofresearchisconductedwhentheresearcheris_______aboutthetopicandwantstogainabetterunderstandingofit.Itofteninvolves_______researchquestionsandcollecting_______data.A.unfamiliar,broad,qualitativeB.experienced,specific,quantitativeC.uncertain,open-ended,qualitativeD.knowledgeable,focused,quantitativeThenexttypeisexplanatoryresearch.Thismethodaimsto_______thecause-and-effectrelationshipbetweenvariables.Itinvolves_______dataandusing_______toanalyzethedata.A.explain,collecting,statisticalanalysisB.test,observing,qualitativemethodsC.describe,collecting,statisticalanalysisD.identify,collecting,qualitativemethodsA_______researchstudyisoneinwhichtheresearchercollectsandanalyzesdatafromasmallgroupofindividuals.Thismethodisoftenusedinpsychologyand_______research.A.casestudy,socialsciencesB.descriptive,exploratoryC.quantitative,qualitativeD.explanatory,mixed-methodThelasttypeofresearchis_______research,whichinvolvescollectingandanalyzingdatafromalargegroupofpeople.Thismethodisoftenusedtotesthypothesesandmake_______aboutapopulation.A.qualitative,conclusionsB.quantitative,predictionsC.mixed-method,generalizationsD.exploratory,observations五、閱讀理解要求：閱讀下列短文，回答問(wèn)題。Theroleoftheliteraturereviewinacademicresearchistoprovideacomprehensiveoverviewoftheexistingknowledgeonaparticulartopic.Ithelpstheresearcheridentifygapsinthecurrentresearchandtobuildatheoreticalframeworkfortheirownstudy.Oneofthekeypurposesofaliteraturereviewisto_______.Itprovidesa_______oftheresearchthathasbeenconductedonthetopic,allowingtheresearchertounderstandthe_______andlimitationsoftheexistingstudies.A.identifyresearchgaps,summary,strengthsB.provideacontext,overview,objectivesC.establishatheoreticalframework,background,scopeD.reviewthemethodology,objectives,limitationsInaliteraturereview,itisimportanttocriticallyevaluatethe_______ofthestudies.Thisinvolvesanalyzingthe_______oftheresearch,the_______ofthedata,andthe_______oftheconclusions.A.methodology,validity,reliability,generalizabilityB.objectives,scope,datacollection,validityC.limitations,context,methodology,conclusionsD.researchquestions,objectives,findings,limitationsAwell-writtenliteraturereviewshould_______.Itshouldbe_______andshouldincludereferencestoa_______rangeofsources.A.beobjective,comprehensive,relevantB.besubjective,concise,specificC.bedescriptive,organized,variedD.beexploratory,detailed,consistent六、翻譯題要求：將下列句子翻譯成英語(yǔ)。1.Theliteraturereviewisanessentialcomponentofanyacademicresearchpaper,asitprovidesafoundationfortheresearchandhelpstoestablishtherelevanceandsignificanceofthestudy.2.Qualitativeresearchmethods,suchasinterviewsandfocusgroups,areoftenusedtoexplorecomplexsocialphenomenaandgainin-depthinsightsintotheexperiencesandperspectivesofindividuals.3.Itisimportantforresearcherstoensurethevalidityandreliabilityoftheirdata,asthesefactorsarecrucialfordrawingaccurateconclusionsandcontributingtothebodyofknowledgeintheirfield.本次試卷答案如下：一、單項(xiàng)選擇題1.D.Makingdecisionsbasedonthedata解析：在研究過(guò)程中，識(shí)別研究問(wèn)題、收集數(shù)據(jù)和呈現(xiàn)結(jié)果是關(guān)鍵步驟，而基于數(shù)據(jù)做出決策通常是在研究之后的一個(gè)階段。2.C.Interviews解析：定性研究通常通過(guò)訪談來(lái)收集數(shù)據(jù)，因?yàn)樗试S研究者深入了解個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷和觀點(diǎn)。3.A.Gatheringlargeamountsofdata解析：定量研究通常涉及收集大量數(shù)據(jù)，以便進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。4.B.Natureisorderlyandfollowscertainpatterns解析：科學(xué)方法基于自然是有序的，遵循特定模式這一觀點(diǎn)。5.B.Thereisnorelationshipbetweenvariables解析：零假設(shè)通常表述為變量之間沒(méi)有關(guān)系。6.A.Conductanexperimentwithtwogroupsofparticipants解析：為了測(cè)試閱讀技能隨年齡增長(zhǎng)而提高的假設(shè)，研究者可能會(huì)進(jìn)行一個(gè)包含兩組參與者的實(shí)驗(yàn)。7.A.Providesdetailedinformationaboutaparticularcase解析：案例研究方法的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于提供關(guān)于特定案例的詳細(xì)信息。8.C.Introduction,literaturereview,methodology,conclusion解析：研究提案通常包括引言、文獻(xiàn)綜述、方法和結(jié)論等部分。9.B.Theresearchdesign解析：為了確保研究的有效性，研究設(shè)計(jì)是最重要的，因?yàn)樗笇?dǎo)了數(shù)據(jù)的收集和分析。10.B.Interviews解析：關(guān)注癌癥幸存者經(jīng)歷的研究可能會(huì)使用訪談來(lái)收集數(shù)據(jù)。二、填空題1.qualitative解析：定性研究側(cè)重于理解意義、經(jīng)驗(yàn)和動(dòng)機(jī)。2.dataanalysis解析：數(shù)據(jù)分析是組織、分析和解釋數(shù)據(jù)的過(guò)程。3.scientific解析：科學(xué)研究是使用經(jīng)驗(yàn)證據(jù)系統(tǒng)地研究現(xiàn)象的方法。4.alternative解析：備擇假設(shè)是零假設(shè)的對(duì)立面，表明變量之間存在關(guān)系。5.case解析：案例研究涉及從一小組個(gè)人那里收集和分析數(shù)據(jù)。6.quantitative解析：定量研究通常用于測(cè)試可以證明或證偽的假設(shè)。7.population解析：定量研究涉及收集和分析來(lái)自大量人群的數(shù)據(jù)。8.ethnographic解析：民族志研究是定性研究的一種，側(cè)重于理解個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷和觀點(diǎn)。9.validity解析：研究的有效性是指其發(fā)現(xiàn)是否準(zhǔn)確和可靠的程度。10.generalizability解析：研究的推廣性是指其發(fā)現(xiàn)能否推廣到其他人群的程度。四、完形填空1.A.qualitative,situation解析：定性研究在心理學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)中常用于提供特定情況的詳細(xì)描述。2.C.uncertain,open-ended,qualitative解析：探索性研究通常在研究者對(duì)主題不熟悉時(shí)進(jìn)行，涉及開(kāi)放性問(wèn)題，并收集定性數(shù)據(jù)。3.A.explain,collecting,statisticalanalysis解析：解釋性研究旨在解釋變量之間的因果關(guān)系，涉及收集數(shù)據(jù)并使用統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。4.A.casestudy,socialsciences解析：案例研究在心理學(xué)和社會(huì)科學(xué)中常用，以了解個(gè)人的經(jīng)歷和行為。5.B.quantitative,predictions解析：定量研究用于測(cè)試假設(shè)并做出關(guān)于人群的預(yù)測(cè)。五、閱讀理解1.A.identifyresearchgaps,sum