PAGEPAGE1閱讀理解（科普類）02四、Workingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert,Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology,CambridgeShefoundthatpersonalityhadamajorimpactonlearning.Thebraverbaboonslearnt,buttheshyonesdidnotlearnthetaskalthoughtheywatchedthebaboonperformthetaskoffindingthenovelfoodjustaslongasthebraveonesdid.Ineffect,despitebeingmadeawareofwhattodo,theywerestilltooshytodowhattheexperiencedbaboondid.Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals,somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings.Thefindingsaresignificantbecausetheysuggestthatanimalsmayperformpoorlyincognitive(認(rèn)知的)tasksnotbecausetheyaren’tcleverenoughtosolvethem,butbecausetheyaretooshyornervoustousethesocialinformation.Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning.Ifsomeindividualsareunabletogetinformationfromothersbecausetheydon’tassociatewiththeknowledgeableindividuals,ortheyaretooshytousetheinformationoncetheyhaveit,informationmaynottravelbetweenallgroupmembers,preventingtheformationofaculturebasedonsociallearning.59.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?A.ThedesignofDr.Carter’sresearch.B.TheresultsofDr.Carter’sresearch.C.ThepurposeofDr.Carter’sresearch.D.ThesignificanceofDr.Carter’sresearch.60.Accordingtotheresearch,whichbaboonsaremorelikelytocompleteanewlearningtask?A.Thosethathavemoreexperience.B.Thosethatcanavoidpotentialrisks.C.Thosethatliketoworkindependently.D.Thosethatfeelanxiousaboutlearning.61.Whichbestillustratesthe“mismatch”mentionedinParagraph4?A.Somebaboonsareintelligentbutslowinlearning.B.Somebaboonsareshybutactiveinsocialactivities.C.Somebaboonsobserveothersbutdon’tfollowthem.D.Somebaboonsperformnewtasksbutdon’tconcentrate.62.Dr.Carter’sfindingsindicatethatourculturemightbeformedthrough______.A.storinginformationB.learningfromeachotherC.understandingdifferentpeopleD.travellingbetweensocialgroups【考點】考察科普學(xué)問類閱讀【文章大意】本文通過敘述Dr.AleciaCarter在狒狒身上進行的一項探討顯示動物的性格在社會化的學(xué)習(xí)中起著很重要的作用。同樣人類也與此相像，我們的文化的形成正是通過交換信息等社會學(xué)習(xí)活動。59.【答案】A【試題解析】段落大意題。依據(jù)第一段2,3,4行Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology,Cambridge60.【答案】D【試題解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第三段第2句Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.可知那些很焦慮的急迫想學(xué)習(xí)的狒狒學(xué)得更快，更好。而那些羞澀的狒狒卻沒有能夠做到。故D正確。61.【答案】C【試題解析】推理題。依據(jù)第三段Thesameheldtrueforanxiousbaboonscomparedwithcalmones.Theanxiousindividualslearntthetaskbyobservingotherswhilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.可知一些狒狒雖然視察了很長時間，但是并沒有實行行動。這一錯位說明性格在動物的社會行為中起著很重要的作用。第四段里的mismatch就是指第三段最終一句whilethosewhowererelaxeddidnot,eventhoughtheyspentmoretimewatching.的內(nèi)容。故C正確。62.【答案】B【試題解析】推理題。依據(jù)文章最終一段第一句Thefindingsmayimpacthowweunderstandtheformationofcultureinsocietiesthroughsociallearning可知人們是通過社會學(xué)習(xí)來理解我們文化的組成的。也就是說人們須要相互交換信息，相互學(xué)習(xí)。故B正確?！鹃L難句解析】1.Workingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert,Dr.AleciaCarteroftheDepartmentofZoology,Cambridge【翻譯】和一群狒狒在納米比亞的沙漠里工作的來自劍橋高校的動物學(xué)博士AleciaCarter給狒狒們設(shè)定了一個涉及到新穎 食品和很熟識的放在盒子里的食品的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)?！痉治觥勘揪渲械默F(xiàn)在分詞短語Workingwithagroupofbaboons(狒狒)intheNamibiandesert在句中做為狀語，因為動詞work與句子主語Dr.AleciaCarter構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系。同時現(xiàn)在分詞短語involvinganovelfoodandafamiliarfoodhiddeninabox作為定語修飾前面的名詞learningtasks。2.Thismismatchbetweencollectingsocialinformationandusingitshowsthatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals,somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings.【翻譯】這種收集信息和運用信息的錯位說明性格在動物的社會性學(xué)習(xí)方面起著關(guān)鍵的作用，這是在關(guān)于動物如何學(xué)習(xí)的之前的探討中被忽視的問題。【分析】本句中的動詞show后面含有一個that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句thatpersonalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals,somethingthathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings。這個賓語從句中something就指personalityplaysakeyroleinsociallearninginanimals這一點。Something后面是一個定語從句thathaspreviouslybeenignoredinstudiesonhowanimalslearntodothings。修飾先行詞something。五、Thebehaviourofabuilding’susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).TheUKpromisestoreduceitscarbonemissions(排放）by80percentby2050,partofwhichwillbeachievedbyallnewhomesbeingzero-carbonby2024.Butthisreportshowsthatsustainablebuildingdesignonitsown—thoughextremelyimportant-isnotenoughtoachievesuchreductions:thebehaviourofthepeopleusingthebuildinghastochangetoo.Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率)，whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.‘Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,’explainsKatyJanda,aUKERCseniorresearcher，‘consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.’Inotherwords，oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.Anotherpartoftheproblemisinformation.Householdsandbill-payersdon’thavetheknowledgetheyneedtochangetheirenergy-usehabits.Withoutspecificinformation，it’shardtoestimatethecostsandbenefitsofmakingdifferentchoices.Feedback(反饋）facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridgethisinformationgapbyhelpingpeopleseehowchangingtheirbehaviourdirectlyaffectstheirenergyuse;somestudieshaveshownthathouseholdscanachieveupto15percentenergysavingsusingsmartmeters.Socialscienceresearchhasaddedafurtherdimension(方面），suggestingthatindividuals’behaviourinthehomecanbepersonalandcannotbepredicted一whetherpeoplethrowopentheirwindowsratherthanturndownthethermostat(恒溫器),forexample.Jandaarguesthateducationisthekey.Shecallsforafocusedprogrammetoteachpeopleaboutbuildingsandtheirownbehaviourinthem.66. Astoenergyuse,thenewresearchfromUKERCstressestheimportanceof________.A. zero-carbonhomes B.thebehaviourofbuildingusersC. sustainablebuildingdesign D.thereductionofcarbonemissions67. Theunderlinedword“which”inParagraph2refersto”________.” A.theways B.theirhomes C. developments D.existingefforts68. WhatareKatyJanda’swordsmainlyabout?A. Theimportanceofchangingbuildingusers,habits.B. Thenecessityofmakingacarefulbuildingdesign.C. Thevarietyofconsumptionpatternsofbuildingusers.D. Theroleoftechnologyinimprovingenergyefficiency.69. Theinformationgapinenergyuse_______.A. canbebridgedbyfeedbackfacilitiesB. affectsthestudyonenergymonitorsC.bringsaboutproblemsforsmartmetersD. willbecausedbybuildingusers’oldhabits70. Whatdoesthedimensionaddedbysocialscienceresearchsuggest?A. Thesocialscienceresearchistobefurthered.B. Theeducationprogrammeisunderdiscussion.C. Thebehaviourofbuildingusersisunpredictable.D. Thebehaviourpreferenceofbuildingusersissimilar.【考點】考察科普學(xué)問類短文【文章大意】UKERC的探討發(fā)覺居民的行為和房屋的設(shè)計在節(jié)能方面同樣的重要。文章號召我們要留意自己的行為切實留意環(huán)保節(jié)能。66.【答案】B【試題解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)文章1,2行Thebehaviourofabuilding’susersmaybeatleastasimportantasitsdesignwhenitcomestoenergyuse,accordingtonewresearchfromtheUKEnergyResearchCentre(UKERC).居民的行為和房屋的設(shè)計在節(jié)能方面同樣的重要。這是UKERC的探討的結(jié)果。所以假如我們要想達到節(jié)能的目的，我們必須要留意運用者的行為。故B正確。67.【答案】D【試題解析】推理題。依據(jù)本段Thestudysuggeststhatthewaysthatpeopleuseandliveintheirhomeshavebeenlargelyignoredbyexistingeffortstoimproveenergyefficiency(效率)，whichinsteadfocusonarchitecturalandtechnologicaldevelopments.可知：這個探討說明人們現(xiàn)在提高能源運用效率的努力忽視了運用者的行為，卻把太多的留意力集中到了房屋的設(shè)計和技術(shù)的發(fā)展方面。故本句中的which是指existingefforts。故D正確。68.【答案】A【試題解析】推理題。依據(jù)文章第三段‘Technologyisgoingtoassistbutitisnotgoingtodoeverything,’和‘consumptionpatternsofbuildinguserscandefeatthemostcarefuldesign.’Inotherwords，oldhabitsdiehard,eveninthebest-designedeco-home.可知技術(shù)是可以給我們帶來幫助，但是它不能解決全部的問題。房屋運用者的運用行為可以讓最細(xì)心的設(shè)計都失去效果。本句說明KatyJanda認(rèn)為房屋運用者的習(xí)慣很重要。故A正確。69.【答案】A【試題解析】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題。依據(jù)第四段3,4行Feedback(反饋）facilities,likesmartmetersandenergymonitors，couldhelpbridge