GrammarandusageUnit1The

mass

mediaPastperfect

tense

過去完成時(shí)CONTENTS定義Definition1234基本結(jié)構(gòu)Basicstructure基本用法Basicusage常用固定搭配Sentencepattern①

ShehadlearnedsomeEnglishbeforeshecametotheuniversity.她在進(jìn)入大學(xué)前已學(xué)過一些英語。②

Hesaidthathehadbeenabroadfor3years.他說他在國外待了3年了。過去完成時(shí)表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或完成的動(dòng)作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用。定義ThePastPerfectTense基本結(jié)構(gòu)：“had+過去分詞”被動(dòng)語態(tài)：“hadbeen+過去分詞”基本含義：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或完成的動(dòng)作，即“過去的過去”。Past過去Future將來haddone

SummarizePresent現(xiàn)在“過去的過去”肯定式為__________________；否定式為__________________；被動(dòng)式為__________________。①She

said

she

had

never

been

to

Paris.

她說她從未去過巴黎。②Ididn’tknowthewaytoJohn’shousebecauseIhadn’tbeentherebefore.

我不知道去約翰家的路，因?yàn)槲抑皼]去過。③TheworkhadbeenfinishedbyusbeforelastFriday.

我們?cè)谏闲瞧谖迩熬屯瓿闪诉@項(xiàng)工作。haddonehadnotdonehadbeendone過去完成時(shí)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)表示從過去某一時(shí)間開始，一直延續(xù)到過去的另一個(gè)時(shí)間的動(dòng)作，常用的時(shí)間狀語有bythen(到那時(shí)),bythetime(到...的時(shí)候),bytheendof(到…結(jié)束時(shí)/為止)①Bytheendoflastterm,wehadlearnt2,000Englishwords.

到上學(xué)期期末為止，我們已經(jīng)學(xué)習(xí)了2,000個(gè)英語單詞了。②Theyhadlivedtherefortenyearsbythen.

到那時(shí)為止，他們已經(jīng)在那住了10年了。表示愿望、打算等的動(dòng)詞，如hope,want,expect,think,mean,intend,plan等后接從句時(shí)，一般用過去完成時(shí)表示本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和計(jì)劃。①Ihadintendedtomeethimattheairport,butIhadanimportantmeetingtoattend.

我本打算去機(jī)場(chǎng)接他，但是我有個(gè)重要的會(huì)議要參加。②IhadhopedtotakeaholidaythisyearbutIwasnotabletogetaway.

我原打算今年去度假，可是我走不開。(1)It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句，從句謂語常用過去完成時(shí)。ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadvisitedtheGreatWall.這是我第一次參觀長城。(2)Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句，從句謂語用過去完成時(shí)。Itwasthreeyearssincehehadjoinedthearmy.他參軍三年了。過去完成時(shí)用于一些固定句型(3)在句型Hardly/Scarcely…when…和Nosooner…than…中，主句常用過去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過去時(shí)，表示“一…就…”。Hardlyhadhegotintohisbigofficewhen

thetelephonerang.Nosoonerhadhearrivedthan

hewasaskedtoleaveagain.他一到就再次被要求離開。他一進(jìn)入他的大辦公室,電話鈴就響了。Summary總結(jié)1.定義:過去完成時(shí)表示在過去之前發(fā)生的事或完成的動(dòng)作，即過去的過去，通常與一般過去時(shí)連用。2.結(jié)構(gòu):肯定：

否定：

3.用于過去完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語:bythen,bytheendof,bythetime等。5.常用固定句型①It/Thatwas+thefirst/second…+time+that從句②Itwas+一段時(shí)間+since從句③Hardly/Scarcely…when…④Nosooner…than…h(huán)addone/hadbeendonehadnotdone/hadnotbeendoneReview4.表示愿望、打算等的動(dòng)詞，如hope,want等后接從句時(shí),表示本打算實(shí)現(xiàn)而未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望和計(jì)劃。PracticeAFillintheblankswithproperandcorrectformsoftheverbs.1.Bythetime,Tom_____________(found)hisownbusiness.2.Mybrotherisanactor.He

_____________(appear)inseveralfilmssofar.3.Thetrain__________(leave)beforeIgottothestation.4.I______________(learn)EnglishforsevenyearswhenIgraduatedfrom

highschool.5.Shesaidshe_________(see)theheadmasteralready.hadfoundedhadlefthadlearnedPracticehasappearedhadseen到目前為止1.Byabout6000BC,people_____________(discover)thebestcrops(農(nóng)作物)togrowandanimalstoraise.（2020浙江卷)2.Insteadofgettingdowntoanewtask(完成一個(gè)新任務(wù))asI_____,heexamined(檢查)thepreviousworkagain.(2021江蘇卷)

A.

hadexpected

B.haveexpected

C.wouldexpect

D.expecthaddiscovered直擊高考A3.I_______tosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.(2022天津卷) A.hadhoped B.amhoping C.havehoped D.wouldhope4.Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswho_______________(trap)inthemountainsfortwodays.(2021北京卷)5.Iwassenttothevillagelastmonthtoseehowthedevelopmentplan___________________(carryout執(zhí)行)inthepasttwoyears.(2020江蘇卷)hadbeentrappedhadbeencarriedout直擊高考AAReadthelifestoryagainandfindthesentencesthatusethepastperfecttense.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.Lead-inWhatdoyouknowaboutPulitzerPrize?JosephPulitzerwasoneofthemostprominentUSjournalistsandpublisherofhistimes,whoinitiatedthepatternofmodernnewspaper.約瑟夫·普利策是當(dāng)時(shí)美國最杰出的記者和出版人之一，開創(chuàng)了現(xiàn)代報(bào)紙的模式。Pulitzer

Prize

普利策獎(jiǎng)The

Pulitzer

Prize

is

an

award

for

achievements

in

newspaper,

magazine,

online

journalism,

literature

and

musical

compositionwithin

the

United

States.普利策獎(jiǎng)是美國頒發(fā)給報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)新聞、文學(xué)和音樂創(chuàng)作方面的成就的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)。Itwasestablishedin1917accordingtothewilloftheAmericannewspapermagnateJosephPulitzer(JosephPulitzer),andlaterdevelopedintothehighesthonorawardoftheAmericanpress,knownasthe“NobelPrizeofthepress”.Itsselectionisusuallyannouncedinthespring(suchasAprilandearlyMay)andisawardedannually它是根據(jù)美國報(bào)業(yè)巨頭約瑟夫·普利策(JosephPulitzer)的遺愿于1917年設(shè)立的獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)，后發(fā)展成為美國新聞界的最高榮譽(yù)獎(jiǎng)，被譽(yù)為“新聞界的諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)”。它的評(píng)選結(jié)果一般在春季(如四月及五月初)宣布，每年頒發(fā)一次。饑餓的蘇丹eagle

鷹難民營被蒼蠅叮的孩子這是一名埃塞俄比亞難民營里的孩子，當(dāng)時(shí)正在難民營的他因?qū)嵲谔撊醯脽o法去尋找食物，只得任由自己接近死亡的身體變成大群蒼蠅的美食。那一年，這里的所有生靈都面臨饑荒，除了蒼蠅。作者按下快門時(shí)，后面的禿鷲一直蹲在離因饑餓瘦得不成人形的小女孩后面：它在等待機(jī)會(huì)以便咬食她的肉。這張圖片在給蘇丹帶來救助的同時(shí)，也最終導(dǎo)致了該攝影作品作者凱文的自殺。烏干達(dá)饑餓中的孩子和傳教士的手poverty貧窮“睡著”的孩子refugee

難民烏干達(dá)，一個(gè)傳教士握著饑餓的男孩的手。這世界上多的是苦痛與災(zāi)難。他只有三歲，本應(yīng)躺在母親的懷抱里，但因?yàn)閿⒗麃啈?zhàn)爭(zhēng)，他不得不跟著父母偷渡到希臘。可因?yàn)橥局性庥龀链?，他的全家只有爸爸得以存活。這張照片刺痛了全世界民眾的心，歐洲國家在看到此圖后打開了迎接難民的大門。在華盛頓唐人街的游街活動(dòng)中，兩歲的小男孩艾倫被游行隊(duì)伍中的中國元素裝飾和爆竹吸引，正試圖靠近隊(duì)伍看個(gè)究竟。警察莫里斯溫柔地告誡小男孩不要離得太近。這張照片記錄下了第二次世界大戰(zhàn)的士兵羅伯特·摩爾中校經(jīng)過16個(gè)月的部署后返回家中，在火車站被親人迎接的場(chǎng)面。畫面中中校正擁抱著他的七歲女兒，而他的妻子已經(jīng)激動(dòng)地掩面哭泣，可愛的小侄子在旁邊看著這一幕。shortlifestoryofJosephPulitzerApril10,1847→JosephPulitzerwasborn.1.__________→HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizen.2.__________→Hebecameapublisher出版人.→3.→PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld

紐約世界報(bào).→HeofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism新聞學(xué)院.4.__________→Pulitzerdied.5.__________→TheColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.6.__________

→ThefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.1860s1872HefoundedtheStLouisPost-Dispatch

19111912Exploringtherules1917189218831878公民圣路易斯郵報(bào)JosephPulitzerwasbornonApril10,1847,inHungary.HemovedtoAmericaandbecameanAmericancitizeninthe1860s.HehadanumberofdifferentjobsafterhemovedtoAmerica.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandlaw—bythenhehadlearnedverylittleEnglish.Whileinthelibraryoneday,hebeganchattingtotwoeditorsofaGerman-languagenewspaper.Theyofferedhimajob.約瑟夫·普利策于1847年4月10日出生于匈牙利。19世紀(jì)60年代，他移居美國，成為美國公民。他移居美國后做過許多不同的工作。他經(jīng)常去圖書館，學(xué)習(xí)英語和法律，那時(shí)他幾乎沒有學(xué)過英語。一天，在圖書館里，他開始和一家德語報(bào)紙的兩位編輯聊天。他們給了他一份工作。Pulitzerquicklybecameasuccessfuljournalistandbytheageof25,

hehadbecomeapublisher.普利策很快成為一名成功的記者，25歲時(shí)，他成為了一名出版商。P6In1878,

hefoundedthenewspapertheStLouisPost-Dispatch.Pulitzerworkedtirelessly,fromearlyinthemorninguntilmidnight.Hispaperpublishedarticlesaboutpoliticsandsocialissues,accusinggovernmentofficialsofdishonestyandwealthypeopleofnotpayingtheirtaxes.Salesofthenewspapershotup.In1883,PulitzerboughttheNewYorkWorld.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatchandsalesofthenewspapermountedupuntilitwasthebestsellingnewspaperinthecountry.1878年，他創(chuàng)辦了《圣路易斯郵報(bào)》。普利策從早到晚不知疲倦地工作。他的報(bào)紙發(fā)表了有關(guān)政治和社會(huì)問題的文章，指責(zé)政府官員不誠實(shí)，富人不納稅。報(bào)紙的銷量急劇上升。1883年，普利策買下《紐約世界報(bào)》。他采用了他在《圣路易斯郵報(bào)》時(shí)采用的經(jīng)營策略，報(bào)紙的銷量節(jié)節(jié)攀升，最終成為全國最暢銷的報(bào)紙。P6Pulitzerwasthefirsttoadvocatethetrainingofjournalistsatuniversitylevel.In1892,heofferedColumbiaUniversitymoneytostartaschoolofjournalism.Ofthisdecisionhesaid,“Iamdeeplyinterestedintheprogressandelevationofjournalism...regardingitasanobleprofessionandoneofunequaledimportanceforitsinfluenceuponthemindsandmoralsofthepeople.”Pulitzerdiedin

1911.

Oneyearafterhisdeath,theColumbiaSchoolofJournalismwasestablished.Sixyearsafterhisdeath,thefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawarded.普利策是第一個(gè)提倡在大學(xué)層面對(duì)記者進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)的人。1892年，他向哥倫比亞大學(xué)提供資金開辦新聞學(xué)院。關(guān)于這一決定，他說：“我對(duì)新聞業(yè)的進(jìn)步和提升深感興趣…認(rèn)為這是一種高尚的職業(yè)，對(duì)人們的思想和道德具有無與倫比的重要性?！逼绽哂?911年去世。他去世一年后，哥倫比亞大學(xué)新聞學(xué)院成立。他死后六年，首屆普利策獎(jiǎng)?lì)C發(fā)。P6ScanpartAonpage6andcompletetheTrueorFalseexercise.1.HeregularlyvisitedthelibraryandstudiedEnglishandLaw－bythenhehadlearntverylittleFrench.()2.Bytheageof25,hehadbecomeateacher.()3.

ThefirstPulitzerPrizeswereawardedin1912.()FEnglishFpublisherT1917…bythenhehadlearntverylittleEnglish.…bytheageof25,hehadbecomeapublisher.HeusedthesamebusinessstrategyhehademployedattheStLouisPost-Dispatch…Weoftenusethepastperfecttensetotalkaboutsomethingthathappened(1)________(before/after)apasttime.Theverbformofthepastperfecttenseis“(2)

_________(have/had)done”.beforehadworkingouttherulesCirclethemistakesandcorrectthemintheblanksbelow.B11PulitzerknewthathehadlearntverylittleEnglish,sohehadstartedtoworkhardatthelanguage.started2Pulitzer

wasveryhard-working.Quiteoften,whenhe

arrivedhomeatmidnight,hewasworkingforover10

hours.

3Forthetimehewas25,Pulitzerhadbecomeajournalistandpublisher.hadworkedBy4Manyofthebestreportershaveworkedforhispaperbefore

its

failure(倒閉/失敗)in1931.hadworkedwin(贏得，獲得)build(建立)intend(預(yù)期，打算)award(n.獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)v.授予,頒發(fā))allow(允許)BelowisapassageaboutthePulitzerPrizes.Completeitwiththecorrectformsoftheverbsintheboxbelow.B2ThePulitzerPrizesareasetof21awardshonoringexcellenceinjournalismandthearts.TheprizeswereestablishedlargelyduetotheeffortsofJosephPulitzer,who(1)__________hisreputation(名聲)asanewspaperpublisher.Heleftmoneyinhis1904will(遺囑)tofund(資助)theestablishment(設(shè)立/建立)oftheprizes,stating(聲明)

thathewantedfourawardsin

journalism(新聞業(yè)),fourinletters(文學(xué))anddrama,oneforeducation,andfivetravelingscholarships(旅行獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金).

hadbuilt普利策獎(jiǎng)由21個(gè)獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)組成，旨在表彰新聞和藝術(shù)方面的杰出成就。Since

thefirstprizes(2)______