人教版八年級(jí)下冊(cè)英語(yǔ)Unit10SectionA第1課時(shí)I’vehadthisbikeforthreeyears.Ayardsaleisalsoknownasagaragesale,lawnsale,tagsale,etc.Whatcanyouseeinthepicture?Whataretheydoing?Theboyishavingayardsale.Thegirlisinterestedintheredbikeandisaskingtheboyaboutit.Andhehasthesethingstosell:abicycle,oldclothes,toys,cupsandglasses,platesandbowls,books,avase,alamp…Doyouhaveanyofthesethingsathome?Howlonghaveyouhadthem?Pre-listening--Howlonghaveyouhadyourbike?

你的自行車（買了）多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間了？--Ihavehaditforsevenyears.我的自行車有七個(gè)年頭兒了。have/hasdonesth.表示“過(guò)去開始的動(dòng)作延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在”。常和for+時(shí)間段/since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)/句子連用

--IhavehaditsinceIwasachild.我從小就有這輛自行車了。__Jeff’sfamilyishavingayardsale.__Amythinksit’shardtosellheroldthings.__Jeffhashadhisbikeformorethan10years.__Amywantstokeepheroldthingsbecausetheybringbacksweetmemories.__Youcanalsogiveoldthingsawaytopeopleinneed.舉辦庭院拍賣會(huì)喚回甜蜜的回憶把某物捐贈(zèng)給……1bWhile-listeningListenagainandanswerthequestions.1.Isn’tithardtosellsomeuselessthings?Yes,it’shardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.2.HowlonghasJeffhadthatbike?Hehashaditforthreeyears.3.Howmuchisthebook?75cents.Amy:Youhavesomegreatthingsatthis

yardsale,Jeff.Jeff:

Thanks,Amy.Ourfamilyhascollected

somanythingsovertheyears,butwedon’tusethemanymore.don’tusethemanymore.Amy:Butisn’tithardtosellsomeofyourthings?TherearemanythingsI’vehadsinceIwasachild.Idon’tthinkIcouldsellthem.Jeff:Yes,it’shardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.近些年來(lái)和某人告別①Amy:Bytheway,howlonghaveyouhad

thatbikeover

there?Jeff:

I’vehaditforthreeyears!Ilearned

howtorideabikeonit.Amy:Oldthingsreallybringbacksweet

memories.Butit’struethatwemay

neverusesomeofthesethingsagain.順便問(wèn)一下帶回……②Jeff:Yes,likeoldtoysorbooksyou’vealreadyread.Youcansellthose,oryoucanalsogivethemawaytokidsorpeoplewhoneedthem.Amy:Oh!Howmuchisthisbook?Jeff:Youcanhaveitfor75cents.捐給……③Practicetheconversation.Thenmakeconversationsaboutotherthingsinthepicture.A:

Thisisareallyoldbook.B:Yes,I’vehaditfor

sevenyears.

I’vereaditthreetimes.A:

Whyareyousellingit?B:

BecauseIdon’treaditanymore.A:

Howmuchisit?B:

Youcanhaveitfor75cents.1ctoybearbookmagazinetoyliontoytigerbreadmakersweaterdresshatscarfAmy’sfamilyisgoingtogiveawaysomeoldthings.Buttheyhaven’tdecidedwhichtogiveaway.Nowlet’sseewhattheyare.IfyouwereAmy,whichonewillyougiveaway?Whichonewillyoukeep?Why?Listenandcheck(√)thethingsAmy’sfamilyaregivingawayandcirclethethingstheyarekeeping.bookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmakersweaterdresshatscarf2a1.Amyhashadherfavorite_____forthreeyears.2.Amyhashadthetoy_____sinceshewasa_____.3.Amy’smomhashadtheoldbreadmakerformorethan_____years.4.Amycangiveawaythe________and______becausetheydonotfitheranymore.bookbearbabytensweaterdress2bListenagainandfillintheblanks.①②③④現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)“have/has+V-ed”常和for/since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。其中for+時(shí)間段，since+時(shí)間點(diǎn)。lookthrough翻看，瀏覽捐贈(zèng)；贈(zèng)送giveaway盡管；即使eventhough對(duì)我有特殊意義havespecialmeaningtome不再適合我了don’tfitmeanymorePayattentiontothefollowingexpressions.StudentAisAmy’smom.StudentBisAmy.Makeconversations.A:Amy,canwegiveawaythesesofttoys?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthebear.A:Why?It’ssoold.B:BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.2cPost-listeningSampleconversation:A:Amy,canwegiveawaythisbook?B:Mom,Iwanttokeepthisbook.A:Why?You’vealreadyreadittwice.B:

Because

it’smyfavoritebook.scarfdresshatsweaterbookmagazinetoybeartoyliontoytigerbreadmaker1.近些年______________2.不再_____________3.和某人告別____________4.順便問(wèn)一下________________5.那邊的那個(gè)自行車_____________overtheyearsnot…anymore=nomoresaygoodbyetosbthatbikeovertherebytheway短語(yǔ)6.喚回甜蜜的回憶_________________________________7.捐贈(zèng)某物給某人____________8.翻看，瀏覽______________________9.盡管；即使_____________________10.對(duì)某人有特殊意義________________bringbacksweetmemoriesgiveawaysth.tosb.lookthrougheventhough/ifhavespecialmeaningtosb.短語(yǔ)1.近些年來(lái)我們家已經(jīng)攢下了這么多東西，但是我們不再用它們了。________________________________________________________________________________2.對(duì)于一些特定的東西很難說(shuō)再見。_______________________________________3.舊東西真的能喚回甜蜜的回憶。____________________________________It’shardtosaygoodbyetocertainthings.Oldthingsreallybringbacksweetmemories.Ourfamilyhascollectedsomanythingsovertheyears.Butwedon’tusethemanymore.漢譯英4.盡管我讀過(guò)兩次這本書了,它仍然是我的最愛。__________________________________________________________________________________5.它對(duì)我有特殊的意義因?yàn)槭悄棠贪阉徒o我的。______________________________________________________EventhoughIhavealreadyreadittwice,it’sstillmyfavoritebook.IthasspecialmeaningtomebecauseGrandmagaveittome.漢譯英1.Butwecangiveawaythemagazine.但是我們可以捐贈(zèng)這本雜志。giveaway：togivesth.asagift

贈(zèng)送；捐贈(zèng)Hegaveawaymostofhismoneytocharity(慈善事業(yè)).1).他把他的大部分錢都捐贈(zèng)給了慈善事業(yè)。IgavemostofmybooksawaywhenIleftcollege.2).當(dāng)我大學(xué)畢業(yè)時(shí)，我把我的大部分書都送人了。Languagepointsbringback：tomakesb.remembersth.orthinkaboutitagain使回憶起；使想起2.Oldthingsreallybringbacksweetmemories.舊物件真的會(huì)使人想起甜蜜的回憶。Yourarticlebroughtbacksadmemoriesforme.1).你的文章勾起了我悲傷的回憶。Hissingingbringsbackmemoriesofmyfather.2).他的歌喚起我對(duì)父親的回憶。3.Ilearnedhowtorideabikeonit.

我用它學(xué)會(huì)了如何騎自行車。Idon’tknowwhattosay.1).我不知道說(shuō)什么。Wewanttolearnhowtowriteplays.2).我們想要學(xué)習(xí)如何寫劇本。*“特殊疑問(wèn)詞how/what/who/which/when/where

+動(dòng)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語(yǔ)；4.Ourfamilyhascollectedsomanythingsovertheyears,butwedon’tusethemanymore.這些年來(lái)，我們家收集了這么多東西，但我們已經(jīng)不再使用它們了。not…anymore=not…anylonger

“再也(不)；(不)再”副詞anymore=anymore，常用于否定句的末尾。Wedon’tlivehereanymore.=Wedon’tlivehereanylonger.我們不再住在這里了。Practise1.我再也不想見到你了。I

don’t

wantto

see

you

anymore.2.我再不能相信他了。Icouldn’ttrusthimanymore.3.我簡(jiǎn)直受不了這種生活。Ijustcan’tstandthislifeanymore.5.BecauseI’vehaditsinceIwasababy.因?yàn)槲覐男【蛽碛兴恕?/p>

since“自從……”，常常引導(dǎo)短語(yǔ)或從句，用于現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句子中。since引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)，從句一般使用過(guò)去時(shí)。ThevillagehaschangedalotsinceIlivedhere.1).自從我住在這里，這個(gè)村子變了很多。You’vechangedalotsinceIlastsawyou.2).自從我上次見到你以來(lái)，你改變了很多。1.Thehousehasasmally____.2.Ithinkmooncakesaretoos_____,soIhardlyeatthem.3.Mr.Greenbegantolosehism______ashegrewolder.ardweetemory4.Theeveningdressismadeofsilkandfeelss____.5.Youshouldalwaysc_____youroilbeforetakingyourcaronalongtrip.6.Susanhasahabitofwritingdowneveryc____shespendsduringthedaytime.oftheckent1.他不知道如何去那兒。

Hedoesn’tknow_______________.2.這些照片喚起了我的甜蜜回憶。Thesephotos_______________________________.howtogettherebringbackmysweetmemories二、翻譯下列句子。3.她在庭院拍賣會(huì)上以很低的價(jià)格買了許多東西。Atverylowprices,sheboughtmanythingsinthe__________.4.你玩過(guò)后請(qǐng)把布絨玩具收起來(lái)。Pleaseputawayyour_____________whenyou’vefinishedplayingwiththem.5.我已經(jīng)長(zhǎng)大了，所以我不再需要它了。I’vegrownup,so______________________________.yardsalesofttoysIdon’tneeditanymoreThefather’sthingstosellandfeeling.Thereasonstohaveayardsale.Theson’sandthedaughter’sthingstosellandtheirfeelings.Readandmatchthemainideas:While-readingMychildrenaregrowingupfast.Mydaughteris16andmyboyisalreadyinjuniorhighschool.Astheygetbigger,ourhouseseemstogetsmaller.Sowewanttosellsomeofourthingsinayardsaleandgivethemoneytoachildren’shome.1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?ReadPara.1andanswerthequestions.1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?Becauseashischildrengetbigger,theirhouseseemstogetsmaller.Theywanttogivethemoneytoachildren’shome.whatwhenwhyhow(feeings)sonatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthdayfeltquitesadandwanttokeepthematoymonkeywhenhewasachildplayedwithalmosteveryweekplayedwithalmosteveryweekReadPara.2&3andfillinthechart.whatwhenwhyhow(feeings)daughter

fathercertaintoysfeltsadbutmoreunderstandingfootballshirtsdidn’twanttogiveupReadPara.2&3andfillinthechart.Theydon’twanttopartwiththesethings,buttheystilldecidetogivethemaway.Why?Heisalreadyin__________school.(13-15yearsold)Hehasnotplayedthem____________.juniorhighforalongtimeSheis_____.16To________,hehasnot_______fora______now.Heis___________,too.behonestplayedwhilegettingolderuselesshelppeopleWhatdoyouthinkoftheirfamily?helpfulwarm-heartedkind1.Whydidtheydecidetohaveayardsale?

Becausetheyhavetoomanythingsinthehouseand

don’tseemtohaveenoughspace.2.Whatdotheywanttodowiththemoneyfromthesale?

Theywanttogivethemoneytoachildren’shome.Readthearticleagainandanswerthequestions.3b3.Whydoesthesonwanttokeephistrainandrailwayset?

Becausehehashaditsincehisfourthbirthdayandheplayedwithitalmosteveryweekuntilhewasaboutseven.4.Howcantheoldtoysbeusefulagain?Oldtoyscanbringjoytochildrenwhodon’thavethemoneytobuytoys.5.Haveyoueverthoughtabouthavingayardsaletosellyourthings?Whatwouldyoudowiththemoneyyouraise?Yes,Ihave.IwouldgivethemoneyIraisetomyfavoriteanimalsheltertohelptheanimalsthere.Retellthepassageaccordingtothemindmap.Findthewordsorphrasesinthearticlewhichcanbereplacedwiththeonesbelowandwritethemnexttothewords.lose—partwith

kids—_________truthful—________ many—________sometime—_______ eventhough—________quickly—_________ older—____________childrenhonestalotofawhilealthoughfastgrowingup3cHowcantheoldthingsbeusefulagain?haveayardsalegivethemawayreusethemPost-readingrecyclemakesomeartpiecessetupamuseumofoldthingsHowcantheoldthingsbeusefulagain?1.Wehavealreadyclearedoutalotofthingsfromourbedrooms.(教材P753a)clearout為“動(dòng)詞+副詞”型短語(yǔ)，代詞作其賓語(yǔ)時(shí)要位于clear與out之間。該短語(yǔ)中，clear作動(dòng)詞，意為“清理；清除”。clearout清理；丟掉LanguagepointsTheclosetisdirty,andweneedtoclearitout.衣柜很臟，我們需要清理一下。ItisKelly’sturntoclearthetable.輪到Kelly擦桌子了。2.Wehavedecidedtoeachsellfivethingsthatwenolongeruse.(教材P753a)nolonger為固定短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于“not...anylonger”。Mr.Smithnolongerworkshere(=doesn’tworkhereanylonger).nolonger不再；不復(fù)3.Forexample,hehasownedatrainandrailwaysetsincehisfourthbirthday...(教材P753a)own在此處作及物動(dòng)詞，相當(dāng)于have。own/??n/v.擁有；有own的名詞形式為owner，意為“物主，主人”。Thelittlegirlistheownerofthisbook.Sheownsmanykindsofbooks.小女孩是這本書的主人，她有很多種書?！就卣埂?1).own作形容詞，意為“（用于強(qiáng)調(diào)）自己的；本人的”，常作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞。Isawitwithmyowneyes.我親眼所見。(2).own作代詞，常與one’s連用，意為“自己的東西；獨(dú)有的東西”。onone’sown單獨(dú)；獨(dú)自ofone’sown屬于自己的Youcan’texpecthimtodoitallonhisown.

你不能指望他單獨(dú)完成所有。I’dliketohavearoomofmyown.

我想擁有自己的房間。4.Mydaughterwasmoreunderstanding,althoughshealsofeltsadtopartwithcertaintoys.partwith放棄；交出（尤指不舍得的東西）partwith為“動(dòng)詞+介詞”型短語(yǔ)，其后常接名詞或代詞作賓語(yǔ)。其中part作動(dòng)詞，意為“離開；分開”。Theyfeltsadtopartwiththeoldhouse.

交出老房子他們感到很悲傷。【拓展】part還可作名詞，意為“角色；參與”。常用短語(yǔ)有：About400studentstookpartintheactivity.partn.takepartin參加playapartin在……中扮演角色/起作用Everyoneontheearthshouldplayapartincleaningitup.Sheplayedapartinthatmovie.certain作形容詞，在此處意為“某種；某事；某人”，通常用于名詞前作定語(yǔ)。certain/?s??(r)tn/adj.某種；某事；某人5.Mydaughterwasmoreunderstanding,althoughshealsofeltsadtopartwithcertaintoys.Acertainpersoncalledmeyesterday.昨天有人給我打電話。TherearecertainthingsIshoulddiscusswithmymother.我有點(diǎn)事情要跟我媽媽商量?！就卣埂縞ertain作形容詞，還可表示“確信的，無(wú)疑的”，與sure同義，此時(shí)常用作表語(yǔ)。becertainof/about“對(duì)……有把握”。Ifyouwanttobecertainofgettingaticket,booknow.

如果你想確保拿到票，現(xiàn)在就要定。I’mnotcertainwhenitwillbeready.

我不確定什么時(shí)候能準(zhǔn)備好。6.Asforme,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.asfor為固定短語(yǔ)，其中for是介詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)。Asfortheweather,itwillbeasunnydaytomorrow.

Youcanasktheothers,butasformyself,I’llbebusyathome.asfor至于；關(guān)于tobehonest通常作插入語(yǔ)，其后常用逗號(hào)與句子的其他部分隔開。與tobehonest意思相近的短語(yǔ)是totell(you)thetruth“老實(shí)說(shuō)；說(shuō)實(shí)話”。honest作形容詞，意為“誠(chéng)實(shí)的；老實(shí)的”。

Tobehonest,heisanhonestandhard-workingboy.老實(shí)說(shuō)，他是個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)又努力的男孩。tobehonest說(shuō)實(shí)在的7.Asfor

me,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.honestadj.誠(chéng)實(shí)的；老實(shí)的honestlyadv.誠(chéng)實(shí)地，正直地dishonestadj.不誠(chéng)實(shí)的honestyn.誠(chéng)實(shí)【拓展】honest的相關(guān)詞匯：while在此處作名詞，意為“一段時(shí)間；一會(huì)兒”，常用單數(shù)形式，與不定冠詞a連用。常用搭配有：afterawhile過(guò)了一會(huì)兒 forawhile暫時(shí)，一會(huì)兒onceinawhile偶爾;有時(shí)while/wa?l/n.一段時(shí)間；一會(huì)兒8.Asfor

me,Ididnotwanttogiveupmyfootballshirts,but,tobehonest,Ihavenotplayedforawhilenow.Now,

hecanrelaxforawhile.

現(xiàn)在他能放松一會(huì)Mr.Thomaswillcometomeetyouafterawhile.

托馬斯先生一會(huì)會(huì)來(lái)和你見面。Hecomestoourroomforachatonceinawhile.

他偶爾會(huì)來(lái)我們屋聊天。ThePresentPerfectTenseGrammarfocus現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)01

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ThepresentPerfectTense定義：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，還表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)從過(guò)去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能持續(xù)到將來(lái)。結(jié)構(gòu)：助動(dòng)詞

have/has

+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞

(?)(?)三單用has,其它人稱用have規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞同過(guò)去式，不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞見不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞表。句式變化：Theyhavealreadyseenthefilm.

(肯定句）

Theyhaven’tseenthefilmyet.

（否定句）Havetheyseenthefilmyet?

（一般疑問(wèn)句）Yes,theyhave.

（肯定回答）No,theyhaven’t.

（否定回答）用法：1.表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響和結(jié)果，持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞和瞬間性動(dòng)詞均可。Ihavelostmynotebook.Johnhasreadthebook.常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already,yet,just,ever,never,before,recently,once,twice.

Lucyhasalreadyfedthedog.Ihaveneverseensuchabeautifulbirdbefore.Shehasheardfromherfriendrecently.Jimhasjustfinishedhishomework.Haveyoueverdrunkwine?Mygrandfatherhasnevertravelledbyplane.Thechildrenhaveseenthemovietwice.注意它們?cè)诰渲械奈恢?.--HowlonghaveyoulearnedEnglish?--IhavelearnedEnglishfor5years.IhavelearnedEnglishsince5yearsago.IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwas9yearsold.表示某一動(dòng)作從過(guò)去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，有可能繼續(xù)到將來(lái)。（動(dòng)作的持續(xù)）常用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：動(dòng)詞是持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該是持續(xù)的，也就是必須是表示段時(shí)間的。

1).for+段時(shí)間：for2days,for5weeks,forafewyears…

2).since+表示過(guò)去的點(diǎn)時(shí)間:sincelastyear,since2003，since5yearsago…

3).since

從句（過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)）

IhavelivedinthehousesinceIwasborn.Mr.GreenhastaughtEnglishsincehecametoChina.Wehaven’tseeneachother_______alongtime.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty________10yearsago.Thefilmhasbeenon_______20minutes.Mr.Brownhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.Hisgangparentshavebeendead_______severalyears.It’s5years______wemetlasttime.forforforsincesincesince用for和since填空：另外還有：inthepast/last…years

(在過(guò)去的幾年當(dāng)中）sofar（到目前為止）

thesedays（最近這些天）Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinmyhometowninthepast/last10years.Sofarhehasalreadycollected125stamps.Myfriendhasread10booksthesedays.判斷對(duì)錯(cuò)：Myfatherhaslefthome.Myfatherhaslefthomefor3hours.非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞不能與段時(shí)間連用hasbeenawayfrom√×常見瞬間動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的變化如下：come/go/arrive/get/reach/move-----bein/atbecome----bebuy---haveborrow---keepopen----beopendie---bedeadgetmarried---bemarriedclose---beclosedfinish---beovergettoknow---knowbegin/start---beonputon---wear/beonleave----beaway(from)fallasleep---beasleepend/finish-----beovergetup----beupcatchacold-----haveacoldjoin---bein/beamemberof2.這家商店開業(yè)兩個(gè)月了。Theshopopenedtwomonthsago.Theshophasbeenopenfortwomonths.Iarrivedherethreeminutesago.Ihavebeenhereforthreeminutes.1.我到這里三分鐘了。3.這位老人去世5年了。Theoldmandiedfiveyearsago.Theoldmanhasbeendeadforfiveyears.除了以上兩種表達(dá)方式外，還可以這樣表達(dá)：It’s+段時(shí)間+since從句

（過(guò)去時(shí)）Ithasbeen+段時(shí)間+since從句（過(guò)去時(shí)）ItistwoyearssinceIjoinedtheLeague.Ithasbeen3hourssincemyfatherlefthome.注意：瞬間性動(dòng)詞的否定句可以和段時(shí)間連用Mydaughterhasn’tboughtclothesfortwomonths.have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetohave/hasbeenin/athave/hasbeento表示曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地，但現(xiàn)在不在某地，已經(jīng)回來(lái)了。have/hasgoneto

主語(yǔ)常常是第三人稱，表示某人到某地去了，說(shuō)話時(shí)此人或許在去某地的路上，或許已經(jīng)到了某地，也或許正在回來(lái)的路上，總之沒有回到說(shuō)話的地方。have/hasbeenin/at

表示在某地逗留一段時(shí)間，常與for和since連用。常見考點(diǎn)：MygrandmahasbeentoAmericatwice.MygrandmahasgonetoAmerica.MygrandmahasbeeninHainansincelastwinter.1.一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)影響。HelivedinBeijingin2000.（只說(shuō)明他在2000年住在北京，目前住哪里并不清楚）HehaslivedinBeijingsince2000.（說(shuō)明他自從2000年就住在北京，目前還住在北京）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)VS一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)2.

時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)不同。一般過(guò)去時(shí)常和…ago,lastweek/month...inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,ye