推理判斷解題技巧

推理判斷題要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的線(xiàn)索和事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理，推測(cè)作者未提到的事實(shí)或某事發(fā)生

的可能性，將間接論據(jù)連貫起來(lái)，得出一個(gè)合理的結(jié)論。合理，就是論推理有事實(shí)根據(jù)，而不是讀者主觀(guān)

臆斷的。推理判斷題常以infer,imply,suggest,conclude,learn,intend,mean,describe,purpose等詞提

問(wèn)。提問(wèn)中往往含有表示推測(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，如can,could,might,would等和其他表示可能性的副詞，如

probably,mostlikely等。

方法：在理解原文表面信息的基礎(chǔ)上，做出判斷和推理。得出其隱含意義和深層意思?？疾閷?duì)閱讀材料

全篇的邏輯關(guān)系的理解，對(duì)文章各段，各句之間的邏輯關(guān)系的理解能力。依據(jù)文章事實(shí)，得出得出符合邏

輯的結(jié)論。

陷阱：①文章直接言明的內(nèi)容，這不是推斷出來(lái)的（凡是推斷題一定不選原文信息的同義表述）②注

意干擾項(xiàng)與文章內(nèi)容有細(xì)微區(qū)別。（推理判斷一定要合情合理，有理有據(jù)，依據(jù)事實(shí)，切不可主觀(guān)臆斷）

③察言觀(guān)色，依據(jù)作者所陳述的細(xì)節(jié)、事實(shí)以及作者的措詞、態(tài)度和語(yǔ)氣，找出能夠表露作者思想

傾向和感情色彩的詞句，然后利用自己已獲得的相關(guān)知識(shí)進(jìn)行推理判斷，從而得出符合邏輯的結(jié)論。

L細(xì)節(jié)推斷類(lèi)

細(xì)節(jié)推斷類(lèi)多為推斷文章細(xì)節(jié)或作者觀(guān)點(diǎn)、態(tài)度，其常見(jiàn)設(shè)問(wèn)方式如下所示：

Fromthispassage,wecaninfer/know/learnthat.

Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?AVhatdoyouknowabout...?

Thewriterprobablyagreesthat.

細(xì)節(jié)推斷題實(shí)際考查的是對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解，選項(xiàng)中只有1項(xiàng)與原文表述一致，其他3個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)原文

的錯(cuò)誤表述。該類(lèi)型題目可以用判斷正誤法來(lái)解。

Anothereffectivesolutionisstartingprogramstoreduce（減少）foodwaste.Storesandbuyerscantry

theirbesttobecreativeinfoodwastereduction.Forexample,（C選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文）storescanprovidecustomers

withinstructionstellingthemhowtomakefulluseoffood.Buyerscantrynotfixingtheireyesonlyonfoodof

thebestquality（質(zhì)量）.（B選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文）Sometimes,thefoodofnon-topqualityisalsogoodenoughtoeat,

orcanbeboughtandthenusedtomakedeliciousdishes.

（D選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文）Oneofthehardestsolutionstoachieveisforeachandeveryonetobuyandprepare

foodwithaplanoftheirownsothatlessfoodiswasted.Challengingasitis,theuseofmealplansinpreparing

foodcanplayanimportantroleinendingfoodwasteinthefamily.

（A選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)原文）Foodrecyclingisoneoftheknownsolutions.Effortsarenowalreadyinprogress.Food

thatisnotsafeforhumanstoeatisrecycledintootherproductssuchasanimalfeedsandclothing.Yet,thereis

stillalongwaytogoandmuchforimprovementinthisarea.

問(wèn)：Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.Foodrecyclinghasbeenhugelysuccessful.

B.Buyersshouldgiveupnon-topqualityfood.

C.Storesshouldtrainpeopletomakedeliciousdishes.

D.Mealplansinthefamilyarehardtoputintopractice.

2.邏輯推理法

邏輯推理法，即根據(jù)上下文及其相互間的關(guān)系，對(duì)文章片段或全文進(jìn)行深層理解來(lái)解答題目。常以時(shí)

間關(guān)系、條件關(guān)系、因果關(guān)系、比較關(guān)系、轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系等作為推理根據(jù)，有時(shí)甚至還得聯(lián)系作者的意圖、態(tài)

度等弦外之音。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章細(xì)節(jié)的理解和邏輯思維的推斷能力。

ThebestwaytolearnEnglishistohaveagoodenvironment.TakenotesinEnglish,putEnglishbooksaround

yourroom,listentoEnglishradios,watchEnglishnews,moviesandTVprograms.SpeakEnglishwithyour

friendswheneveryoucan.ThemoreEnglishmaterialsthatyouhavearoundyou,thefasteryouwilllearnit.

Manypeoplethinkthatexercisesandtestsaren'tmuchfun.However,bydoingexercisesandtakingtestsyou

canreallyimproveyourEnglish.Ifyounevertestyourself,youwillneverknowhowmuchyouaremaking

progress.

Accordingtothepassage,Englishexercisesandtestsare.

A.verynecessaryB.nothelpfulatall

C.veryboringD.notimportant

3.觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法

觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度判定法，就是從作者的措詞、語(yǔ)氣或?qū)δ硞€(gè)細(xì)節(jié)的把握來(lái)推斷作者在整篇文章中所表現(xiàn)出來(lái)

的態(tài)度，以及對(duì)事物的評(píng)價(jià)。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)于作者陳述事件時(shí)所表達(dá)出的個(gè)人觀(guān)點(diǎn)態(tài)度的推斷能力。

WhattheprimaryschoolinFuzhouisdoingisworthpraising.Doingchorescanputasenseofresponsibility

intostudents*mindsandteachthemthespiritofrulesaswellasteamwork.Also,itcanmakestudents*in-school

experiencesmoremeaningful.

Whatdoesthewriterthinkofdoingchores?

A.Hethinksitsawasteoftime.

B.Hethinksit'stheparents*job.

C.Hecan'tunderstand.

D.Hethinksit'sgoodforstudents.

4.語(yǔ)境推斷法（適用于推斷某句/某段的寫(xiě)作目的）

Overthepastcenturyandahalf,however,studiesinthehistoryofhumandevelopmenthaveshownthat

theformationofcultureispartofthebiologicaladaptation（適應(yīng)）..Consider,forexample,hunting（打獵）.It

seemstobeanadaptation,whichallowedhumanstomoveintonewanddifferentareas,openingupthe

opportunitytochangelivinghabits.

Atthesametime,thedevelopmentofweapons（武器）isrelatedtothatadaptation-fromrocksand

stonestoasetofhuntingtools,andfromhuntingtoolstorulesrelatingtotheproperuseofweapons.Huntingalso

seemstoberesponsibleforawholesetofbodilyabilities,suchasbalancingononefoot.Justthinkofhowthis

verysimplethingiscloselyrelatedtodance,akeyexpressionofhumanculture.Itisthenclearthatbiological

developmentandculturaldevelopmentarecloselytied.

問(wèn)：Whydoesthewritertalkabout..huntinginParagraph3?

A.Tosuggestsomepossiblewaysofchanginglivinghabits.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftoolsinhumans'struggleforlife.

C.Toshowhowculturedevelopsashumansadapttotheenvironment.

D.Toexplainwhythereisaneedtocallfortheproperuseofweapons.

5.主旨推斷法（適用于推斷整篇文章的寫(xiě)作目的）

APathway（路徑）toMeaninginLife

Whenitcomestoameaningfullife,wemightthinkoflove,happinessandhealth.Alifefilledwithmeaning

iswhatmostofuswantforourselves.Then,whatmakesameaningfullife?

Manyresearchersagreethatameaningfullifecomesdowntothreefactors（因素）:havinglong-term

goals,believingthatone'slifematters,andfeelingthatone'slifefitstogetherand“makessense”.

Butwebelievethereismoretoconsider.Sometimeslifeenablesustoexperiencesmallmomentsofbeauty.

Whenpeopleareopentoappreciating（欣賞）suchexperiences,thesemomentsmayimprovehowtheyseetheir

ownlife.Wecallthisexperientialappreciation（EA）.EAisaboutthepersonfeelingconnectedtoeventsandbeing

abletoappreciatethevaluewithintheconnection.Itshowsthediscoveryofandadmirationforlife'sbeauty.

WerecentlysntouttobetterunderstandEAinstudies.WewereinterestedinwhetherEAwasalsotiedto

generaljudgmentofmeaninginlife.Ifso,itcouldbeafactorformeaningfulness.

Inthefirststudy,wehadpeoplerate（評(píng)估）theirsupportfordifferentmethodsofreducingstress.Wefound

thatpeoplewhomanagedstressbyfocusingontheirappreciationforlife'sbeautyalsoreportedexperiencinglife

ashighlymeaningful.

Inthenextstudy,weaskedpeopletoratethedegreetowhichtheyagreedwithvariousstatements,suchas"I

appreciatethebeautyoflife99and“Iappreciatelittlethingsinli%Jaswellasotherstatementsthatrelatedtothe

threefactorsandageneralsenseofmeaninginlife.Ourresultsshowedthatthemorepeoplereportedthatthey

were"appreciatinglifb“anditsmanyexperiences,themoretheyfelttheirlifewasvaluable.

Inthefollowingstudies,wefurtherlookedattheconnectionbetweenEAandmeaningfulness.Forexample,

wefoundthatpeoplewhowereaskedtolookbackonthemostmeaningfuleventofthepastweekgenerally

reportedhighEAinthosemoments.

Alltheresultsprovedourtheory（假設(shè)）true.Butputtingitintopracticecanbedifficult.Ourfast-paced

lifestylesfillthedaywithgoals.Wetrytogetthehighestoutputbothatworkandinsparetime.Thisfocuson

futureoutcomesmakesitalltooeasytomisswhatishappeningrightnow.Weshouldslowdownandletlife

surpriseus.

問(wèn)：Whatisthewriter'smainpurposeinwritingthispassage?

A.Toexplainhowtodiscoverbeautyinlife.

B.Todiscusswhatthetruemeaningoflifeis.

C.Tointroduceanewfactorforameaningfullife.

D.Tocomparedifferentfactorsformeaningfulness.

6.情景推斷類(lèi)

情景推斷題考查對(duì)文中重點(diǎn)論述的某個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)/概念/方法的理解，選項(xiàng)一般為不同的生活情景，要求選

出符合該觀(guān)點(diǎn)/概念/方法的情景。常見(jiàn)的設(shè)問(wèn)方式如下所示：

Youweremostprobablyin...conditionwhen.

Youwillmostprobablyexperience...whenyou.

Accordingtothewriter,wecan...by.

情景推斷題考查的是文中重點(diǎn)論述的觀(guān)點(diǎn)/概念/方法，原文一般會(huì)使用概念解釋和示例來(lái)加以論述，因此

可利用原文中的解釋和示例來(lái)找出選項(xiàng)中與之相符的情景。

Enjoymentischaracterizedbyasenseofcuriosity,ofachievement.Playingatennisgamethatimproves

one'sabilityisenjoyable,asisreadingabookthatshowsthingsinanewlight,asishavingaconversationthat

leadsustoexpressideaswedidn'tknowwehad.Noneoftheseexperiencesmaybeespeciallypleasurablewhen

theyaretakingplace,butwhenwethinkbackonthemafterwards,wewouldsay,“Thatreallywasfun^^andwish

theywouldhappenagain.Afteranenjoyableeventweknowthatwehavechanged,andgrown.

問(wèn)：Youwillmostprobablyexperienceenjoymentwhenyou.

A.buyexpensiveshoes

B.orderadeliciousmeal

C.talkwithfriendsfornewideas

D.sitquietlyinfrontofatelevision

7.文章出處判定法

文章出處判定法，就是根據(jù)文章的語(yǔ)言、用詞、格式、內(nèi)容等推斷出文章的出處，如雜志、報(bào)紙、網(wǎng)

絡(luò)等。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)各種文章出處的特點(diǎn)和常識(shí)的掌握能力，以及對(duì)文章的體裁和題材的準(zhǔn)確把握能力。

Haveyoueverwantedtoachieveagoalandendedupdoinglotsofresearchonhowtoachieveit?Asyoulearned

moreandmore,itseemedyouknewlessandless.Thatisbecausewhenyoulearnedanewconcept（概念），you

foundthattherewasalotmoretoknowaboutit.

Usually,peoplethinktheyneedtogetmoreandmoreinformationbeforetryinganewidea...

Oneofthebestwaystolearnistotakeactionandlearnfromtheresults...

Learningmoreisgreatbutifallyou'redoingislearningandnottakingaction,it*stimetochangethat.Just

takethefirststep.

Wecanusuallyreadthepassagein______.

A.astorybookB.anewspaper

C.anadvertisementD.aguidebook

8.讀者對(duì)象判定法

讀者對(duì)象判定法，就是根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容推斷出文章是針對(duì)哪個(gè)群體閱讀的。主要考查學(xué)生的概括和推斷

能力。

Whatcanyoudowithcyberbullying（網(wǎng)絡(luò)欺凌）？

Ifsomeoneisnotkindtoyou,tellanadultthatyouknoworlike.Forexample,talktoaparentorateacher.

Ifyougetbadmessages,don*treply.Youshouldsavethemandgivethemtoyourteacher,yourfamily,orthe

police.Askanadultforhelp.Don'tshareanythingbeforeyoumakesureitistrue.

Saysorryifyouarenotkindtosomeone.Youcanwriteamessageortalktotheperson.Andalwaysremember:

thinkabouthowtobekindinthefuture.

Thispassageismainlywrittenfor.

A.teachersB.parentsC.childD.thepolice

9.論證方式判定法

論證方式判定法，就是對(duì)文章提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)舉例子，列數(shù)字，作比較等方式去支撐文章中提出的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，

證明觀(guān)點(diǎn)的合理性。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)題干的理解，及線(xiàn)索句的定位和理解能力。

TheInternetofthingsmaybecomingsoonerthanyouthink.Itisreportedthatduringhisspeechearlierthisyear,

Samsung（三星）CEOBKYoonspentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings.Hesaidthatfiveyears

fromnow,everySamsungproductwillbepartoftheInternetofthings,whetherit'sawashingmachineora

vacuumcleaner（吸塵器）.

TheSamsungCEO'sspeechismentionedtoprove（證明）that

A.SamsungproducedtheInternetofthingsinthepast.

B.TheInternetofthingswillcomeintoourdailylifesooner.

C.HespentalotoftimetalkingabouttheInternetofthings

D.SamsungproductsarepartoftheInternetofthings.

10.篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法

篇章結(jié)構(gòu)判定法，就是對(duì)文章整體的結(jié)構(gòu)，或者段落中某事件的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分析總結(jié)，常以排序或結(jié)構(gòu)

圖示等來(lái)考查。主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)整體文章內(nèi)容的理解和概括能力。

Aroundtheworld,peoplehavedifferentideasaboutwhatgoodmannersare.

Whenyougotorestaurantsindifferentpartsoftheworld,ifsimportanttoknowtherightandwrongthingsto

do.Forexample,inChina,it'sOKtomakealotofnoiseinarestaurant.Infact,ifarestaurantisn'tnoisyorlively,

youmaythinkthere9ssomethingwrongwithit.However,inmanywesterncountries,restaurantsarequietplaces.

Ifatableistooloud,otherpeopleintherestaurantmightevencomplaintotheowneroftherestaurant.

Payingthebillisalsodifferentfromcountrytocountry.InChina,onepersonusuallypaysforeverybody.In

westerncountries,onepersonpayswhenheorsheisentertainingclients,butwhenfriendseattogether,they

usuallysharethecost.Thisiscalled“GoingDutch”.Also,whenWesternerspaythebill,theyusuallyleavesome

moneyforthewaiter.Thisiscalled“l(fā)eavingatip”.Leavingatipisthoughttobepolite.IntheUS,peopleare

expectedtotipbetween15%and20%ofthebill,whichisdecidedbyhowgoodtheserviceis.Goodwaiterscan

makealotofmoney!

Differentcountrieshavedifferentcustoms.Whenyoutraveltoanothercountry,pleasefollowitscustoms,just

asthesayinggoes"WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.^^

Ifweputthepassageintothreeparts,whichofthefollowingisthebest?

（①二Para.1②二Para.2③二Para.3④二Para.4）

A.①;②③;④B.①;②;③④C.①②;③;④D.①;②③④

—.[2024長(zhǎng)沙三模]C

EventhoughAfricanelephantsareprotected,manyofthemarestillbeingkilledfortheirivory.

Attheendofthe1970s,over1.3millionelephantswalkedaroundAfrica,buttoday,thenumberhasfallento

around500,000.Thisismainlycausedbyillegal（非法的）huntingforivory.Thedemandforivoryinmarkets,

especiallyinAsiaandAfrica,continuestopushtheillegaltrade.Thishasresultedinthedeathsofatleast35,000

Africanelephantseachyear.

Ivory,alsoknownas“whitegold”,haslongbeenconsideredvaluable.Itsunusuallookhasledtoitsusein

lotsofexpensivethings,includingjewellery,musicalinstrumentsandart.Andtheivorymaterialitselfcanstand

thetestoftime.Somanypeoplearewillingtopayahighpriceforivoryproducts.

However,nomatterhowmuchrealivoryissoldfor,it'scertainlynotworththeharmtoelephants.That's

whysomescientistsareworkingtoachievethesamebeautyofivorywithoutkillinganyanimals.

ThaddaaRathandherteamattheViennaUniversityofTechnologyhavecreatedtheivorycalled“Digory”.

Thehigh-techivoryismadefromsyntheticresin（合成樹(shù)脂）andcalciumphosphateparticles（磷酸鈣顆粒）.

Ifsfirstformedintotheshapebya3Dprinter.Andthenitiscolor-matchedandcolored.Next,itispolished（拋光）

tomakeitlooklikerealnaturalivory.

AlthoughDigorylookssorealthatitishardtotellitfromrealivory,itschemicalstructureiscompletely

differentfromthatoftherealone.FritzVbllrath,abiologistwhoisagainstkillingelephantsforivory,feltexcited

abouttheinventionandspokehighlyofitforthefactthatDigorycouldsavemanyelephantsfromrisks.

Scientistshavemadesomeachievements,butwestillneedtodomoreresearchtomakesurethattheyare

widelyused.It'sstillhopefulthatscientistsmaybeabletoprotectAfricanelephantsbymakinghigh-tech

materialstotaketheplaceofrealivory.

1.Howdoestheauthorshowthedangeroussituationsofelephants?

A.Bytellingastory.

B.Bylistingnumbers.

C.Byaskingaquestion.

2.Whydomanypeoplewanttobuyivoryproductsathighprices?

A.Foritscommonlook.

B.Foritslonghistory.

C.Foritshigh-qualitymaterial.

3.Whatdoweknowaboutmaking"Digory”?

@Itssteps.②Itstime.③Itsmaterials.@Itscost.

A.①②B.③④C.①③

4.Whichofthefollowingdoesthewriteragreewith?

A.Technologycantakehumans'placeincreatingart.

B.ItisalmostimpossiblethatDigorywillbewidelyused.

C.Theuseoftechnologycansupporttheprotectionofwildlife.

二.[2024杭州一模]

Manypeoplewithphysicaldisabilitiesthinkthattheycannotdoanysports.However,atAdaptiveOutdoorz,

webelievethateveryonecandosports!Weteachdisabledpeoplewhitewaterrafting,skiing,snowboarding,and

manyotherexcitingoutdoorsports.Manydisabledpeopledon*tdoanysportsbecausetheythinkit*stoo

dangerousforthem.Theyareafraidthattheywillgethurt.However,inthepast12years,wehaveproved（證明）

toourstudentsagainandagainthatthisisnottrue.

Ourexcellentcoachesareverycarefulwhentheyteachdisabledpeople,soourstudentsarealwayssafe.In

fact,manyofourcoacheshavedisabilities,too,sotheyreallyunderstandhowtheirstudentsfeel.Theyalsoknow

thatmanypeoplewithdisabilitiesneednewchallengesintheirlives.Whenpeoplewithdisabilitiesreachtheir

goalssuccessfullybytryingsomethingnew,itisanexcitingexperienceforthem!Manystudentstellusthatafter

theylearnedhowtodoanewsport,theydiscoveredthattheyfeltmuchmoreconfident,notonlyaboutdoing

sports,butaboutallpartsoftheirlife.Hereiswhatthefatherofoneofourstudentssaidtous:

“MywifeandIbothlovetoski.Sowhenourdaughterwasbomwithadisability,wethoughtthatunluckily

shecouldneverenjoythesportthatwelovesomuch.Whenshewassix,weheardaboutAdaptiveOutdoorz,and

wedecidedtotakehertoyourskischoolforoneweek.Thiswasthebestdecisionweevermade!Welearnedthat

whenyourchildhasadisability,youhavetokeepteachinghertodonewandmoredifficultthings.Thisteaches

herhowtotakearisk.Beingsuccessfulhelpshertobecomeastrongandhappyperson.Nowourdaughtersays

thatskiingiseasy,andshemakesuphermindtolearnhowtosnowboard!Thankyou,AdaptiveOutdoorz!^^

1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"refertoinParagraph1?

A.It'stoodangerousfordisabledpeopletodosports.

B.It'snotnecessarytoteachdisabledpeopletodosports.

C.It'seasierfordisabledpeopletohurtothersduringsports.

D.It'susefulfordisabledteacherstoteachdisabledchildren.

2.What'stheadvantageofhavingdisabledcoachesinAdaptiveOutdoorz?

A.Theyaremoreconfidentandcareful.

B.Theyalwaysliketotrysomethingnew.

C.Theycanunderstandtheirstudents*feelings.

D.Theyarereallygoodatdoingoutdoorsports.

3.HowdoesthewritersupporthisopinionaboutAdaptiveOutdoorzinthelastparagraph?

A.Bytellingaregrettablestory.

B.Byusingapersonalexperience.

C.Byprovidingsomenumbers.

D.Byquestioningsomefamousexperts.

4.What'sAdaptiveOutdoorzaccordingtothepassage?

A.Sportsclubsfordisabledcoachesandteachers.

B.Trainingprogramsforparentswithdisabledchildren.

C.Summercampsforchildrenwholoveoutdoorsports.

D.Specialprogramsforchildrenandadultswithdisabilities.

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了AdaptiveOutdoorz通過(guò)教授殘疾人戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)，幫助他們克服對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的恐懼，增

強(qiáng)自信心，享受生活。

三.[2024長(zhǎng)沙三模]B

TheLastLeafisashortstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry,oneofthemostfamousshortstorywriters

inhistory.Hisstoriesareknownfortheirsurprisingendings,nowcalled"O.Henryendings^^.

InthestoryofTheLastLeaf,SueandJoannaaretwoartistslivinginNewYorkCity.Unfortunately,Joanna

isillandwillprobablydie.Inanapartment,somethingtouchingandunexpectedhappens.Lefsfindoutmorein

thefollowingexcerpt（節(jié)選）.

Suelookedoutofthewindow.Allshesawwasanoldyellowandgreenivy（常春藤）plant.Thehalf-dead

planthadfewleavesonitbecauseoftheautumnwinds.

“Thereareonlyfive,now,"saidJoanna.

“Fivewhat,dear?Whatareyoucounting?^^

“Theivyleaves/9repliedJoanna."Whenthelastonefalls,Imustgo,too.Fveknownthatfbrthreedays.

Didn'tthedoctortellyou?”

“Joanna,don'tsaythat.Now,havesomesoupandI'llfinishmypicture.

"Idon'twantanysoup,^^saidJoanna,lookingoutofthewindow.t4Nowthereareonlyfbur.”

“Joanna,dear,trytosleep.ImustaskMr.Behrmantocomeuphere.Iwanttodrawapictureofhimasa

pooroldminer.”

Mr.Behrman,whowasover60yearsold,liveddownstairs.Hewasapainter,too.Butheneverpainteda

goodpicture,andhedrankalot.SuetoldhimallaboutwhatJoannawassaying.

“Shecan'treallythinkthatthiswillhappen!Thepoorwoman!?,hecried.

Finally,therewasonlyonelastleafontheivyplant.Afterafewwindydays,theleafwasstillthere.

“Susie,“saidJoanna,"Tvebeenabadgirl.Thatlastleafistellingmethatitwasverywrongofmetowant

todie.Bringmesomesoup,dear.^^

Thenextday,thedoctorsaid,"She'soutofdanger.ButpoorMr.Behrmandownstairsisdying.There?sno

hopeforhim,I'mafraid.

ThatafternoonSuewentintoJoanna'sbedroom.

“Joanna,dear,Mr.Behrmandiedtoday.Anddoyouknowwhy?Oneterrible,coldwetnighthetookaladder

（梯子）andsomegreenandyellowpaintandheclimbedup,and-oh,lookatthelastivyleafonthewall!Why

didn'titmoveinthewind?ItwasMr.Behrman'slastgreatpicture.Hepaintedittherethenightthatthelastleaf

1.WhatcanweknowaboutTheLastaccordingtothepassage?

A.Ithasanexpectedandexcitingending.

B.Ittellsamovingstoryhappeninginanapartment.

C.ItisalongstorywrittenbytheUSwriterO.Henry.

2.HowlongcanJoannaliveinthedoctor'seyes?

A.Forseveraldays.B.Forseveralmonths.C.Forseveralyears.

3.Whydidn'tthelastivyleaffallafterafewwindydays?

A.Becauseitwaspaintedonthewall.

B.Becausethewindwasnotsostrong.

C.Becausetheleafwasyoungandgreen.

4.Whatcanweinfer（推斷）fromthepassage?

A.Mr.Behrmanwasaverykind-heartedartist.

B.SuewastoobusytocomfortherfriendJoanna.

C.Joannawasacarelessgirlwithouthopeinherlife.

本文主要節(jié)選自美國(guó)作家歐?亨利的短篇小說(shuō)《最后一片葉子》。

四.[2023溫州,B]

Amarathonisalongrunningraceof26.2miles（42.195kilometers）.ThefirstOlympicMarathonwasheld

inAthens.Now,manycitieshosttheirownmarathonseveryyear.Someofthebest-knownmarathonsaroundthe

worldaretheNewYorkCityMarathon,theBostonMarathonandtheTokyoMarathon.Amongthem,theBoston

Marathonwhichstartedin1897,istheoldestyearlymarathonintheworld.Astimegoesby,thesporthasbecome

morethanjustarace.

MARATHON

Themesofmarathonsaddfunandmeaningtothehardmiles.Runnersrunforhelpingsickkids,celebrating

importantevents,orjustenjoyingnature.ThereisafamousmarathoninGisborne,NewZealand,whichisknown

forbeingthefirstcityintheworldtowelcomethesunlighteveryday.Runnerscangreetthesunriseastheyrace

alongthegoldensandybeaches.

Marathonroutesbringpeoplemoreunderstandingoftheoldsport.Someroutesprovidegreatsporting

challengesforrunners.Theroutesoffervarioussurfaces,frombridgestosandstohills.Runnersofallskilllevels

cansweatfreelyandpushtheirlimits（極限；限制）intherace.Someroutesarewellplannedforrunnersto

explorethemanysidesofacity.Forexample,therouteoftheGreatWallMarathontakestherunnersalongthe

greatwonderoftheworld.TheracecanbeanamazingchancetogettoknowBeijing,itspeopleandlocalfood.

Amarathonisquiteajourneyforrunnerstoenjoytherun,challengethemselvesandexperiencetheculture.

Thereissomuchmorebehindtheraceforustoexplore.

1.Accordingtothepassage,theoldestyearlymarathonis.

A.theTokyoMarathonB.theOlympicMarathon

C.theBostonMarathonD.theNewYorkCityMarathon

2.WhatmightbethethemeofthemarathoninGisborne?

A.FirstLight.B.LivelyKids.C.GreenMiles.D.FunBeach.

3.ThewriterusestheexampleoftheGreatWallMarathontotellthattheroute.

A.isdifficulttoplanB.showsthecityculture

C.offersdifferentsurfacesD.bringschallengetorunners

4.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Marathon:NotJustaRaceB.Marathon:RoutesandRules

C.Marathon:HistoryandThemesD.Marathon:ARaceforEveryone

五.[2024長(zhǎng)沙二模]B

Foryoungpeoplewhogrowupinvillages,findingajobinthecitysoundsgood.ButNingFenfang,34,left

thebigcitytobeafarmer.In2017,sheleftherjobinHangzhou,ZhejiangProvince,andwentbacktoher

hometownofCiliCountyinZhangjiajie,HunanProvince.Atthattime,muchofthefarmlandtherewasdeserted

（被遺棄）.Seeingthis,Ningdecidedtobeafarmer.Shestartedgrowingriceandrapeseed（油菜籽）in2020

andhiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland,providingjobsforlocalpeople.

Ningnowfarmsmorethan66.7hectares（公頃）ofland.Morethan300housewiveshaveworkedpart-time

onherland,eachmakingmorethan10,000yuanperyear."It'snevereasy,"saidNing.Atfirst,shedidn'thave

enoughfarmingknowledge.Then,peoplecouldn'tunderstandherdecisiontobecomeafarmer.Farmingisoften

seenasan“unsuitable“jobforboththepost-90sgenerationandwomeningeneral.However,Ninglovedfarming.

“Whenyou'retired,youcanstopandrestanddowhatyouwanttodo.Everyday,youcanenjoynature,which

manypeoplehopefbr,“Ningsaid.

Ninghastriedtoturnfarmingintoa“fashionable"job.Ratherthandependingonfarmersonly,sheadvises

mechanized（機(jī)械化）farming,whichmeansusinghigh-techmachines.Shealsoplanstoprovidechildrenliving

incitieswithachancetoexperiencefarming.

Ningalwaysfeelsresponsibleforfarmers.Recentlyshehassuggestedthattheagriculturalinsurance（農(nóng)業(yè)保

險(xiǎn)）plansshouldincludegreenhouses,asfreezingrainhitherhometownandcausedagreatlosstothefarmerin

thewinterof2023.

1.Whatcanweinferfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Manyyoungpeoplefromvillagesexpecttogetajobinthecity.

B.Quiteafewyoungpeoplewanttobefarmersinthevillagenow.

C.Ifsimpossibleforyoungpeoplefromvillagestogetajobinthecity.

2.HowdidNingmanageherfarmlandatfirst?

A.Sheworkedonthelandbyherself.

B.Shehiredmanyvillagerstoworkonherland.

C.Sheusedhigh-techmachinesallthetime.

3.WhywasitnoteasyforNingtobeafarmeratfirst?

A.Shedidn'thaveastrongwill.

B.Shedidn'thaveenoughmoney.

C.Shedidn'thaveenoughfarmingknowledge.

4.WhatisNinglikeaccordingtothelasttwoparagraphs?

A.Friendlyandhumorous.

B.Creativeandresponsible.

C.Strictandhard-working.

六.（2024廣州一模，A）

Onedarkstormynight,anelderlycouplehurriedintoahotelandaskedwhethertheycouldbeputupforthe

night.cTmsorry,“theclerkonnightdutysaidpolitely."Alltheroomsaretakentonight,butIcan*tsendanice

couplelikeyououtintherain.Wouldyoubewillingtostayinmyroom?It'snotexactlyahotelroombutitwill

makeyoucomfortable.AsI'monduty,Pllbestayingupintheofficeanyway.9,Theelderlycoupleacceptedhis

offerthankfully.

Thenextday,whentheoldgentlemanwenttopayhisbill,theclerkbehindthereceptiondeskwasthatsame

helpfulyoungman."Theroomyouandyourwifestayedinisnotaproperguestroomsoyoudon*tneedtopay,“

saidtheclerkwiththesamefriendlysmile.Theoldgentlemannoddedwithasmile,"You'reanemployee（雇員）

thateverybossinthehotelbusinesswoulddreamof.Perhapssomeday1111buildahotelforyou.^^Theclerkwas

amazedbuthedec