高三教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測英語試題本試卷分第I卷(選擇題)和第II卷(非選擇題)兩部分。滿分120分，考試用時100分鐘。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答案卡一并交回。注意事項：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號等填寫在答題卡上和試卷指定位置上。2.回答選擇題時，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對應(yīng)題目的答案標號涂黑。如需改動，用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標號?；卮鸱沁x擇題時，將答案寫在答題卡上。寫在本試卷上無效。第I卷(共65分)第一部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題；每小題2.5分；滿分37.5分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。ATheactofsocialdistancing（社交距離）hasbecomeaneffectiveprotectivemeasureagainstthenovelcoronavirus(冠狀病毒)andapartofeverydaylifeacrosstheworld.Manycountrieshavelauncheddifferentsocialdistancingmeasures.Somearestrictwhileothersarecreative.Let’stakealookatthreespecialquarantine(隔離)measuresaroundtheworld.PanamaWithmorethan3,000confirmedcasesbyApril12,theCentralAmericancountryPanamahasannouncedstrictquarantinemeasures.Oneofthemistoseparatepeoplebygender（性別）togoout.StartinginApril,malesinthecountryarerequiredtoleavehomeonTuesday,ThursdayandSaturdaywhilefemalescangooutonMonday,WednesdayandFridayeveryweek.NooneisallowedtogooutonSundays.TofurtherpreventthespreadofCOVID-19,citizensareabletoleavetheirhomesforonlytwohoursatatime.“Thisabsolutequarantineisfornothingmorethantosaveyourlife,”thecountry’ssecurityministerJuanPinosaidatanewsconference.ButaccordingtotheGuardian,thequarantinemeasuresdonotapplytocivilservants（公務(wù)員）orotheressentialstaff(職工)whoarebattlingagainstthenovelcoronavirusonthefrontline.ColombiaIDnumbersareuniqueidentificationtoolsforindividuals,buttheymayalsobeusedtodecidewhenpeoplecangooutinColombiaduringthenovelcoronaviruspandemic.AccordingtotheBBC,peopleinsomeColombiantownsareallowedtobeoutsidebasedonthelastdigitoftheirnationalIDnumber.Forexample,innorthwest-centralColombia,peoplewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorsevenareallowedtoleavethehouseonMonday,whilethosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreightcangooutsideonTuesday.SimilarquarantinemeasureshavebeenproposedinthenearbycountryofBolivia.FranceThoughoutdoorexerciseisagoodwaytokeephealthy,itcansometimescausetoomanypeopletogatherinoneplace.InordertopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,Parishasbannedalloutdoorexercisebetween10amand7pm.Outsideofthistimespan,peopleareallowedtoexerciseindividuallyaslongasit’sforlessthananhourandwithinonekilometeroftheirhome.Ifpeoplebreaktherule,theywillfacefinesofbetween€135(about1,040yuan)and€375.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutPanama’ssocialdistancingmeasures?A.Noonecangooutfordinner,startinginApril.B.Allcitizensshouldfollowtherulesofgoingoutbygender.C.Ordinarycitizenscanstayoutsideforatmosttwohoursatatime.D.CivilservantsareallowedtogoouteverydayexceptonSundays.2.WhichgroupisallowedtogooutonMondaysinnorthwest-centralColombia,duringthenovelcoronaviruspandemic?A.Females.B.Males.C.ThosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreight.D.ThosewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorseven.3.WhichofthefollowingfollowstherulesinFrance?A.Cyclingaroundone’shomeat5pm.B.Playingbasketballwithfriendsat8pm.C.Playingbadmintoninfrontofone’shouseatnoon.D.Joggingalonenearone’shomefrom8amto8:30am【答案】1.C2.D3.D【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要列舉了三個國家在新冠疫情期間的特殊隔離措施，即保持社交距離，它已成為預(yù)防新型冠狀病毒傳播的有效措施?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Panama中的“TofurtherpreventthespreadofCOVID-19,citizensareabletoleavetheirhomesforonlytwohoursatatime.”可知，為進一步防止COVID-19傳播，市民一次只能離開家兩小時。由此可知，根據(jù)巴拿馬的社交隔離措施，普通市民一次最多可以在外面呆兩個小時。故選C?！?題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Colombia中的“Forexample,innorthwest-centralColombia,peoplewithanIDnumberendinginzero,fourorsevenareallowedtoleavethehouseonMonday,whilethosewithanIDnumberendinginone,fiveoreightcangooutsideonTuesday.”可知，例如，在哥倫比亞西北中部地區(qū)，身份證號碼尾數(shù)為0、4或7的人可以在周一出門，而身份證號碼尾數(shù)為1、5或8的人則可以在周二出門。由此可知，在疫情期間的哥倫比亞西北中部地區(qū)，身份證號碼以0、4或7結(jié)尾的人可以在周一外出。故選D。【3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)France中的“InordertopreventthespreadofCOVID-19,Parishasbannedalloutdoorexercisebetween10amand7pm.Outsideofthistimespan,peopleareallowedtoexerciseindividuallyaslongasit’sforlessthananhourandwithinonekilometeroftheirhome.”可知，為防止COVID-19疫情蔓延，巴黎已禁止上午10時至晚上7時的所有戶外活動。在這段時間之外，人們可以單獨鍛煉不超過一小時，并且在距離自己家一公里的范圍以內(nèi)。由此可知，D選項“從早上8點到8:30在自己家附近獨自慢跑”符合法國的規(guī)則。故選D。BMy11-year-olddaughterhasbeenawardedanacademicscholarshiptoaprivateschoo1.It’sonlyasmalldiscount,butthescholarshipmeansshe’llskipthewaitinglistprovidedmyhusbandandIcancover$20,000ayear.Shouldwepaytheprivateschoolfees,orchoosefreeeducationinstead?Ialwaysassumedmychildrenwouldgotoaprivateschool,likeIdid.Notbecausemyfamilyiswealthy,butbecauseIbelievethatthebesteducationisprivate.Ittookyearsformetomakepeacewiththefactthatmytwochildrenattendedourlocalpublicprimaryschoo1.They’llgotoaprivatehighschool,Itoldmyself.Yethereweare.Myeldestisnowinherlastyearofprimaryschool,andmyhusbandandIwillstruggletoaffordprivateschoo1.Ifwe’retosendourgirltoprivateschool,Icouldincreasemyworkhours.Mylawdegreewassupposedtobemytickettoagoodjobandasolidincome,butthat’snotquitehowitturnedout.Theguiltandexpectationsareminealone.I’mterrifiedthatmydaughter’spotentialwillbewastedatthepublicschoo1.Andyet,Iknowthatworkingmorehourswillmakemebreakdown.Duringmanysleeplessnights,Ifelttroubledbythedecision.AlthoughIwantthebestformydaughter,Ihavemyowndreamstoo.Ican’tsacrificeeverythingformypreciousgirl.IexplainthatIwanttobeapositiverolemodelformydaughter,andanunhappyparentisterriblestrainonafamily.Ipointoutnoteventheprivilegeofprivateschoolwillprotectmychildrenfromdisappointmentorstruggle.Andultimately,it’sdecided.Mydaughterisgoingtothepublicschoolbehindourhome.Shecouldn’tbemorepleased.It’stakenmealittlelonger,butnowI’mcontent.Morethanmyfancyprivateschooleducation,it’smyfamilythatshapedme.Withhighschoolnow25yearsinthepast,IcannolongerrememberthemathematicalproblemsandShakespeareanquotesIonceknewsoperfectly.Thelessonsfrommychildhoodhome,however,haveprovedimpossibletoforget.4.Whydidtheauthorwantherdaughtertogotoaprivateschoolatfirst?A.Herdaughterearnedanacademicscholarship.B.Shewantedherdaughtertoreceivethebesteducation.C.Shewantedherdaughtertoskipthewaitinglist.D.Herdaughter’spotentialwaswastedatthepublicprimaryschoo1.5.Theauthorfinallyletherdaughtergotoapublicschoolmainlybecausesherealizedthat______________.A.privateschooldoesn’tguaranteeasolidincomeB.shedidn’twantherdaughtertostruggleinprivateschoolC.howeverhardsheworked,shecouldn’taffordprivateschoolD.publicschoolisthemostbalancedchoiceforherfamily6.Whenthedecisionwasmade,___________.A.theauthor’sdaughterwasdisappointedB.theauthorfeltsorryandguiltyaboutitC.boththeauthorandherdaughterweresatisfiedwiththeresultD.theauthorinspiredherdaughtertobeapositiverolemodelatschool7.Whatisthemainmessagetheauthorintendstoconveyinthelastparagraph?A.Familyinfluencesachild’sgrowthmorethanschooleducation.B.Thelessonslearnedduringourchildhoodwillstaywithusforever.C.Italwaystakespeoplealongtimetomakeafightdecision.D.Privateschooleducationisnotasgoodaspeopleexpect.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.A【解析】這是一篇記敘文。作者講述了自己一直想讓孩子去私立學(xué)校接受教育，因為作者相信最好的教育是私立的。但經(jīng)過深思熟慮后，作者還是讓女兒去了家后面的公立學(xué)校，因為作者明白了與私立學(xué)校教育相比，更多的是家庭教育的塑造影響更多。【4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Ialwaysassumedmychildrenwouldgotoaprivateschool,likeIdid.Notbecausemyfamilyiswealthy,butbecauseIbelievethatthebesteducationisprivate.(我一直以為我的孩子會像我一樣去私立學(xué)校。不是因為我的家庭富有，而是因為我相信最好的教育是私立的。)”可知，作者想讓女兒接受最好的教育，所以她一開始想讓女兒上私立學(xué)校。故選B項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段中“Andyet,Iknowthatworkingmorehourswillmakemebreakdown.(然而，我知道工作更長時間會讓我崩潰。)”和倒數(shù)第三段中“AlthoughIwantthebestformydaughter,Ihavemyowndreamstoo.Ican’tsacrificeeverythingformypreciousgirl.IexplainthatIwanttobeapositiverolemodelformydaughter,andanunhappyparentisterriblestrainonafamily.(雖然我想給我的女兒最好的，但我也有自己的夢想。我不能為了我的寶貝女兒犧牲一切。我解釋說，我想給女兒樹立一個積極的榜樣，而不快樂的父母對家庭來說是一種巨大的壓力。)”可知，作者最后讓女兒上公立學(xué)校，主要是因為她意識到公立學(xué)校是家庭最平衡的選擇。故選D項。【6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Mydaughterisgoingtothepublicschoolbehindourhome.Shecouldn’tbemorepleased.(我女兒要去我們家后面的公立學(xué)校上學(xué)。她再高興不過了。)”和最后一段中“It’stakenmealittlelonger,butnowI’mcontent.

(雖然花了我一些時間，但現(xiàn)在我很滿足了。)”可知，當(dāng)決定做出后，作者和她的女兒都對結(jié)果感到滿意。故選C項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“

Morethanmyfancyprivateschooleducation,it’smyfamilythatshapedme.Withhighschoolnow25yearsinthepast,IcannolongerrememberthemathematicalproblemsandShakespeareanquotesIonceknewsoperfectly.Thelessonsfrommychildhoodhome,however,haveprovedimpossibletoforget.(不僅僅是我的私立學(xué)校教育，更多的是我的家庭塑造了我。高中已經(jīng)過去了25年，那些曾經(jīng)熟稔的數(shù)學(xué)問題和莎士比亞語錄，我已經(jīng)記不住了。然而，我從童年家庭中學(xué)到的經(jīng)驗是無法忘記的。)”可知，最后一段作者想要傳達家庭比學(xué)校教育更能影響孩子的成長。故選A項。CAfterastronautRustySchweickartlookeddownattheEarthfromspaceforthefirsttime,hedescribedasenseofawethathasbecomecommontoalmosteveryspacetravelersince.“Yourealizethatonthatlittleblueandwhitethingthereiseverythingthatmeansanythingtoyou,allhistoryandmusicandpoetryandartanddeathandbirthandlove,allofitonthatlittlespotoutthereyoucancoverwithyourthumb.”Nomatterwhatcountryyou’refrom,youreturnfromspacewithafeelingthatourhomeistiny,fragile,andsomethingweneedtoprotect.AnyonewhoreadsthenewbookGrowthbyoneofmyfavoritethinkerswillcomewithsimilarurgency.Theauthor,Czech-CanadianprofeVaclavSmil,approachesthingsfromascientist’spointofview,buthereachesthesameconclusion:TheEarthisfragileand“beforeitistoolate,weshouldlaunchthemostfundamentaltaskofmakinganyfuturegrowthconsistentwiththelong-termpreservationofcurplanet.”BeforeIgetintohowSmilcametothisconclusion,Ishouldwarnyou.AlthoughGrowthisabrilliantcombinationofeverythingwecanlearnfrompatternsofgrowthinthenaturalandhuman-madeworld,it’snotforeveryone.Longsectionsreadlikeatextbookoranengineeringguidebook.Andithas99pagesofreferences!Thebookcoverseverythingfromagriculturetosteelproductiontosmartphoneuse.Smil’sgoalistoshowthatnomatterwhatfieldyou’retalkingabout,eventuallyyouhitgrowthlimits.AsSmilwrites,“Myaimistoexplainvarietiesofgrowthinevolutionaryandhistoricalperspectivesandtoappreciateboththeaccomplishmentsandthelimitsofgrowthinmodernivilization…”Idon’tagreewithallofhisanalysis.Inparticular,I'mmoreoptimisticthanheisaboutthedegreetowhichtoday’srenewableenergytechnologiescarlbeused,andthepaceatwhichscientistsandengineerswilldevelopnewcleansources.Inmyview,Smilunderestimatesouracceleratingabilitytomodelthephysicalworldusingdigitaltechnologiesequippedwithartificialintelligence.ButI'vealwaysfeltthatSmil’sgreatstrengthisn’tpredictingthefuture,butdocumentingthepast.There’sgreatvalueinthat—youcan’tseewhat’scomingnextifyoudon’tunderstandwhat’scomebefore.Nobodyseesthebigpicturewithaswideanaperture(光圈孔徑)asVaclavSmil.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“similarurgency”refertoinparagraph2?A.Toprotectourhomeisdifficult.B.It’stoolatetoprotecttheEarth.C.TheEarthmeanseverythingtous.D.WeneedtoprotectthefragileEarth.9.What’sthewritingstyleofthebookGrowth?A.Causal. B.Academic.C.Humorous. D.Straightforward.10.Howdoesthewriterofthisarticlefeelabouttherenewableenergytechnologies?A.Anxious. B.Objective.C.Optimistic. D.Pessimistic.11.Whatinformationdoesthelastparagraphintendtotellus?A.Smilintendstodocumentthehistory.B.Smilseestheworldfromagreatangle.C.Smilshowsgreatconcernforthefuture.D.Smildescribesapromisingfutureforus.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。作者推薦了捷克裔加拿大人瓦科拉夫·斯米爾教授的書《增長》，這是一本關(guān)于增長的書，解釋各種意義上的增長?！?題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nomatterwhatcountryyou’refrom,youreturnfromspacewithafeelingthatourhomeistiny,fragile,andsomethingweneedtoprotect.(無論你來自哪個國家，你從太空返回時都會感覺到我們的家園既小又脆弱，我們需要保護它。)”和第二段中“TheEarthisfragileand“beforeitistoolate,weshouldlaunchthemostfundamentaltaskofmakinganyfuturegrowthconsistentwiththelong-termpreservationofcurplanet.”(地球是脆弱的，“在一切都太遲之前，我們應(yīng)該認真著手解決最根本的生存性任務(wù)，使未來的任何增長都與對我們唯一擁有的生物圈的長期保護相匹配。”)”由講述地球很脆弱，需要我們?nèi)ケＷo，可知劃線的短語“similarurgency(類似的緊急情況)”指的是“我們需要保護脆弱的地球”。故選D項?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Longsectionsreadlikeatextbookoranengineeringguidebook.Andithas99pagesofreferences!(長長的章節(jié)讀起來就像是教科書或工程手冊。而且它的參考文獻部分有99頁！)”可知，《成長》這本書的寫作風(fēng)格是學(xué)術(shù)型的。故選B項。【10題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中“Inparticular,I’mmoreoptimisticthanheisaboutthedegreetowhichtoday’srenewableenergytechnologiescarlbeused,andthepaceatwhichscientistsandengineerswilldevelopnewcleansources.(特別是在如今可再生能源技術(shù)的應(yīng)用程度，以及科學(xué)家和工程師開發(fā)新式清潔能源的速度上，我比他都更加樂觀。)”可知，作者對可再生能源技術(shù)持樂觀的態(tài)度。故選C項。【11題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“There’sgreatvalueinthat—youcan’tseewhat’scomingnextifyoudon’tunderstandwhat’scomebefore.Nobodyseesthebigpicturewithaswideanaperture(光圈孔徑)asVaclavSmil.(這是很有價值的——如果你不了解過去發(fā)生了什么，你就看不到未來會發(fā)生什么。沒有人能像瓦科拉夫·斯米爾一樣，用如此廣博的視角看見全面的情況。)”可知，斯米爾從一個廣博的角度看世界。故選B項。DSolvinggreatspacemysteryMonkeyKing,theherointheclassicChinesenovelJourneytotheWest,ismakingheadlinesagain.OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.“Thisisthefirsttimescientistshavefoundsuchdetailedandprecisesignals,”ChangJin,vicedirectorofthePurpleMountainObservatoryoftheChineseAcademyofSciences(中國紫金山天文臺),toldXinhua.Darkmatterisatypeofhypothetical(假設(shè)的)matterintheuniverse.Scientistsbelievethatitinfluencesthemovementofgalaxies.However,noonehaseverdirectlyobservedit.SwissastronomerFritzZwickyfirstusedtheterm“darkmatter”in1933,whenhespottedsomethingveryunusual.SomegalaxiesthatZwickysawwerespinningsofastthattheyshouldhavescatteredintoallcomersoftheuniverse,buttheydidn’t.Herealizedtheremusthavebeensomethingelsetherethathadastrongenoughgravitationalpulltoholdeverythingtogether.Hecalledit“darkmatter”.Inonesense,darkmatterislikethewind：wecan’tseeit,butweknowit’sthere.Findingoutmoreaboutdarkmattercouldhelpusunderstandhowtheuniversebegan,butbeingabletodosoisn’teasy.Scientistsbelievethatwhentwodarkmatterparticlescrashtogether,theyformnewparticlesandproducehighamountsofenergyandheat.ThisiswhyexplorerslikeWukongaresenttofindsuchparticles.Indeed,“Wu”means“understanding”and“kong”means“void(空的).”ThenicknamesymbolizesthemaingoalofDAMPE’smission,whichistounderstanddarkmatterbetter.Sinceitslaunchin2015,DAMPEhasalreadyrecorded3.5billionhigh-energyparticles,reportedNewsweek.AndaccordingtoScience,thesatellitehasalifespanoffiveyears,whichmeansitstillhasthreemoreyearsto“understandthevoid”.“DAMPEhasopenedanewwindowtorobservingthehigh-energyuniverse,unveilingnewphysicalphenomenabeyondourcurrentunderstanding,”ChangtoldXinhua.12.OnNov30,DAMPE______________.A.wasnamedWukongbyChinesescientistsB.wassuccessfullylaunchedintospaceC.locateddarkmatterintheuniverseforthefirsttimeD.detectedclearsignalsrelatedtodarkmatter13.Accordingtothetext,darkmatter________.A.isaspinninggalaxyB.isatypeofgravitationalpullC.ismadeupofinvisibleparticlesthatholdgalaxiestogetherD.makesmysteriousstarsscatteredintheuniverse14.Accordingtothetextabetterunderstandingofdarkmattercouldhelpscientistsdiscover_____________.AthemovementofgalaxiesB.theoriginoftheuniverseC.howcrasheshappenbetweendarkmatterparticlesD.howtomakeuseofhighenergycausedbycrashes15.WhatcanwelearnaboutDAMPEfromthetext?A.Ithasrecorded35billionhigh-energyparticlessofar.B.Itwillbeabletokeepworkingforanotherfiveyears.C.Itwasmadetoobserveandidentifydarkmatterintheuniverse.D.Itcouldhelppreventdarkmatterparticlescrashingtogether.【答案】12.D13.C14.B15.C【解析】這是一篇新聞報道。以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星探測到與暗物質(zhì)有關(guān)的清晰信號，為觀測高能宇宙和解開太空之謎打開了一扇新的窗口?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,

暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.(據(jù)新華社報道，11月30日，以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物質(zhì)粒子探測器在宇宙中發(fā)現(xiàn)了神秘信號，可能有助于科學(xué)家更多地了解暗物質(zhì)。)”可知，11月30日，暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星探測到與暗物質(zhì)有關(guān)的清晰信號。故選D項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“

SomegalaxiesthatZwickysawwerespinningsofastthattheyshouldhavescatteredintoallcomersoftheuniverse,buttheydidn’t.Herealizedtheremusthavebeensomethingelsetherethathadastrongenoughgravitationalpulltoholdeverythingtogether.(茲威基看到的一些星系旋轉(zhuǎn)得非?？欤鼈儽緫?yīng)該分散到宇宙的各個角落，但它們沒有。他意識到那里一定有別的什么東西有足夠強大的引力把所有的東西拉在一起。)”和第五段“Inonesense,darkmatterislikethewind：wecan’tseeit,butweknowit’sthere.(從某種意義上說，暗物質(zhì)就像風(fēng)：我們看不到它，但我們知道它的存在。)”以及第六段中“Scientistsbelievethatwhentwodarkmatterparticlescrashtogether,theyformnewparticlesandproducehighamountsofenergyandheat.(科學(xué)家們認為，當(dāng)兩個暗物質(zhì)粒子碰撞在一起時，它們會形成新的粒子，并產(chǎn)生大量的能量和熱量。)”可知，暗物質(zhì)是由不可見的粒子組成的，它們將星系維系在一起。故選C項。【14題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中“Findingoutmoreaboutdarkmattercouldhelpusunderstandhowtheuniversebegan,butbeingabletodosoisn’teasy.

(了解更多關(guān)于暗物質(zhì)的信息可以幫助我們理解宇宙是如何形成的，但要做到這一點并不容易。)”可知，更好地了解暗物質(zhì)可以幫助科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙的起源。故選B項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“OnNov30,China’sDarkMatterParticleExplorer(DAMPE,

暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星),whichisnamedafterMonkeyKing’sChinesenameWukong,foundmysterioussignalsintheuniversethatmayhelpscientistslearnmoreaboutdarkmatter,accordingtoXinhuaNewsAgency.(據(jù)新華社報道，11月30日，以猴王的中文名悟空命名的暗物質(zhì)粒子探測器在宇宙中發(fā)現(xiàn)了神秘信號，可能有助于科學(xué)家更多地了解暗物質(zhì)。)”和倒數(shù)第二段中“ThenicknamesymbolizesthemaingoalofDAMPE’smission,whichistounderstanddarkmatterbetter.(這個昵稱象征著暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星任務(wù)的主要目標，即更好地了解暗物質(zhì)。)”可知，暗物質(zhì)粒子探測衛(wèi)星是用來觀察和識別宇宙中的暗物質(zhì)的。故選C項。第二節(jié)(共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Everystudentpreferstogethighscoresintheirexams.Buthowcanyoueffectivelyimproveyourmemoryandperformwellinyourexam?Trythefollowingmethods.●TrytheMemoryForexample,ifyouwanttomemorizesomeEnglishwords,youmightstore“furniture,television.”inyourlivingroomand“fridge,cooker...”inthekitchen.____16____Throughthisway,youcanmemorizethesewordseasily.●Createyourownsongs.Thismethodhasbeenproveninseveralstudiesasawayofsendinginformationtomemory.Youcanuseyourfavoritesongstorecreatenewsongswithinformationyouneedtoremember.____17____●Takesomedeepbreaths.____18____Ifyouarestressedyouwillhaveamoredifficulttimerecallinginformationduringanexam.Youshouldputsomeenergyintode-stressingbut“turningof”stressiseasiersaidthandone.That’swhyscientistsrecommendpracticeteststoyou.Practicetestsarenotonlyascientificallysupportedmeansofimprovingmemoryrecallbuttheystanduptostressfulsituations.●____19____Ifyouarefeelingdistracteddosomeexercise.Studiesshowthatthosewhohaveexercisedfor15minutesandthencompleteamemorytask,completetasksfasterthanthosewhohaven’texercised.Evenasimplewalkcanmakeadifference.Therearesomanysuggestedmethodsforyou.____20____Ifyouknowthatstudyingaloneworksbestforyou,gotoself-studyroomoftenwhenyoufinishyourclassesatschool.A.Rereadyournotes.B.Tryaminiworkout.C.Weknowexamsarestressful.D.Skipoutallthepracticetestsonpurpose.E.Youneedtothinkaboutthewaythatsuitsyoubest.F.Themoreinterestingyoumakethem,thebettertheresultwillbe.G.Thenyoucanmentallytravelthroughyourhousetorecalleachword.【答案】16.G17.F18.C19.B20.E【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹如何更高效地準備考試和避免考試緊張的幾點建議?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文中提到“你可以把家具，電視儲存在客廳，把冰箱，炊具等儲存在廚房。”，這樣你隨時都可以見到，隨時想起。所以可推測出“然后你可以從一個房間到另一個房間時回憶這些單詞”最符合題意，故選G?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“你可以使用喜愛的歌曲和需要記憶的信息再創(chuàng)作新歌”，可推測出“你創(chuàng)作的歌曲越有趣，結(jié)果就越好。”符合題意。上下兩句中有recreatenewsongs這個相同的關(guān)鍵詞。故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)下文“假如你有壓力，在考試期間就很難恢復(fù)記憶?！笨芍?，“我們都知道考試是有壓力的”最適合做該段的主旨句，故選C。【19題詳解】根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容與運動有關(guān)可知，段中說“假如你感到注意力不能集中，做點運動。研究表明那些先做15分鐘運動再完成一項記憶任務(wù)的人比那些沒有做運動就去完成記憶任務(wù)的人速度更快。”也就是稍微運動一下，記憶力更好。所以，“試試迷你鍛煉”是最佳標題。故選B?！?0題詳解】根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容“有很多種提供復(fù)習(xí)方法的建議?！笨芍?，提供復(fù)習(xí)方法的建議太多，所以需要進行選擇。故“你需要思考選擇什么方法最適合你”最符合題意,故選E?！军c睛】在做七選五題的過程中，應(yīng)首先略讀一下短文，了解一下短文的大致意思，然后把幾個選項含義理解透，尤其注意意思相近，表達有交叉的選項之間的區(qū)別。然后再細讀短文，把答案填入合適位置。答題時可以把含義相近的幾個選項輪流填入同一處位置，反復(fù)閱讀，反復(fù)體會，找出最佳選項，對于實在沒有把握的小題可以最后完成。完成短文后，再認真通讀一遍全文，看看上下語意是否通順，是否符合邏輯關(guān)系。例如第4小題。根據(jù)本段內(nèi)容與運動有關(guān)可知，段中說“假如你感到注意力不能集中，做點運動。研究表明那些先做15分鐘運動再完成一項記憶任務(wù)的人比那些沒有做運動就去完成記憶任務(wù)的人速度更快?！币簿褪巧晕⑦\動一下，記憶力更好。所以，“試試迷你鍛煉”是最佳標題。而可以把同樣可以做標題的A.Rereadyournotes.(重讀你的筆記)與B.Tryaminiworkout.進行對比，明顯不符合段落大意。故選B。第二部分語言運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共15小題；每題1分，滿分15分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。InJanuarythisyear,afiredestroyedthebuildingthathousedYossiHeiman’sFishMarketinBoroughPark,Brooklyn:The___21___madeYossiHeimanhavenoplacetooperatehisbusinessandnoabilitytoget___22___.ThemerchantSheaLangsamownsa(n)___23___store,justfewblocksaway.Onewouldhavethoughtthatsympatheticashemaybetohiscompetitor’sbadluck,hewouldwelcomethisopportunityto___24___newcustomersandincreasehisbusiness.___25___Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.Whenhelearnedofthefire,he___26___thephoneandcalledYossiHeiman.Notonlydidhe___27___himbutwhenheheardYossisayhewouldneedafacilityanddeliver___28___tohiscustomers,hesaid,“Don’tworry!Whynot___29___meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”SheadidashepromisedandYossi____30____hislosses.Thestoryiswonderfulandit’sa(n)____31____ofseeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily,puttingneedsofothers____32____theirownneeds.Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoneyorgrowtheir____33____butthestoryis____34____:It’satrulysinceredisplayoftruefaithandgreatkindness.Realfaithmeans____35____othersandhavingaheartofsympathyandmercylikeShea.21.A.explosion B.battle C.accident D.campaign22.A.attention B.assistance C.information D.income23.A.similar B.mysterious C.online D.outdoor24.A.treat B.acquire C.dependon D.giveup25.A.Moreover B.Therefore C.Instead D.Though26.A.pickedup B.hungup C.repaired D.provided27.A.doubt B.comfort C.turnto D.1aughat28.A.service B.spirit C.orders D.notes29.A.replace B.attend C.enable D.join30.A.maintained B.recovered C.reported D.cut31.A.example B.reminder C.challenge D.guide32.A.becauseof B.aheadof C.outof D.inspiteof33.A.duty B.fame C.interest D.business34.A.exceptional B.boring C.ridiculous D.old35.A.losingtrackof B.settlingfor C.caringfor D.calmingdown【答案】21.C22.D23.A24.B25.C26.A27.B28.C29.D30.D31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C【解析】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了一位商人謝伊·蘭薩姆在鄰家約西·海曼的商鋪遭受火災(zāi)后沒有落井下石、趁機搶占市場和客戶，反而熱心幫助競爭對手渡過難關(guān)。這個故事真實地展示了真正的信念和偉大的仁慈?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這場事故讓約西·海曼沒有地方經(jīng)營自己的生意，也沒有能力獲得收入。A.explosion爆炸；B.battle戰(zhàn)役；C.accident事故；D.campaign運動，活動。根據(jù)“afire”和“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”可知這是一場事故。故選C。【22題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這場事故讓約西·海曼沒有地方經(jīng)營自己的生意，也沒有能力獲得收入。A.attention注意；B.assistance幫助；C.information信息；D.income收入。根據(jù)“havenoplacetooperatehisbusiness”和常識可知約西·海曼沒有地方經(jīng)營自己的生意，也就沒有收入。故選D。【23題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：商人謝伊·蘭薩姆也有一家類似的商店，就在幾個街區(qū)之外。A.similar相似的；B.mysterious神秘的；C.online在線的；D.outdoor戶外的。根據(jù)下文“hiscompetitor’sbadluck”可知謝伊·蘭薩姆和約西·海曼是競爭對手，所以他們經(jīng)營的是類似的生意。故選A?！?4題詳解】考查動詞詞義和動詞短語辨析。句意：人們可能會認為，盡管他對競爭對手的壞運氣表示同情，但他會抓住這個機會來獲得新客戶，并增加他的業(yè)務(wù)。A.treat對待；B.acquire獲得；C.dependon依靠，取決于；D.giveup放棄。根據(jù)“andincreasehisbusiness”可知雖然謝伊·蘭薩姆可能會同情約西·海曼的不幸遭遇，但是他完全可以抓住這次機會獲得更多的顧客。故選B?！?5題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而謝伊卻做了一件非常出色的事。A.Moreover此外；B.Therefore因此；C.Instead相反，卻；D.Though即使。根據(jù)“didsomethingtrulyexcellent”和前文講到，人們一般會認為，謝伊?xí)么藱C會搶奪客戶和市場，但是他做了一件確實很出色的事情?？芍?，前后文之間為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C。【26題詳解】考查動詞短語和動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他得知火災(zāi)的消息后，他拿起電話打給了約西·海曼。A.pickedup拿起，接送某人；B.hungup掛斷電話；C.repaired修理；D.provided提供。根據(jù)“andcalledYossiHeiman”可知謝伊拿起電話，給約西·海曼打了一個電話。故選A?！?7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅安慰了他，而且當(dāng)他聽到約西說他需要一個場所來經(jīng)營自己的生意和給客戶送貨時，他說：“別擔(dān)心!為什么不在你的商鋪重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作為社區(qū)的成員，我們都應(yīng)該互相幫助?！盇.doubt懷疑；B.comfort安慰；C.turnto求助于，轉(zhuǎn)向，改用；D.laughat嘲笑。根據(jù)下文“Don’tworry!Whynot9meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知謝伊給約西·海曼打電話，不僅安慰了他，還主動提出要給予約西幫助。故選B?！?8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅安慰了他，而且當(dāng)他聽到約西說他需要一個場所來經(jīng)營自己的生意和給客戶送貨時，他說：“別擔(dān)心!為什么不在你的商鋪重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作為社區(qū)的成員，我們都應(yīng)該互相幫助?！盇.service服務(wù)；B.spirit精神；C.orders訂單，訂貨；D.notes筆記。根據(jù)“hiscustomers”可知約西·海曼需要一個場所來經(jīng)營自己的生意和給客戶送預(yù)定的貨。故選C。【29題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他不僅安慰了他，而且當(dāng)他聽到約西說他需要一個場所來經(jīng)營自己的生意和給客戶送貨時，他說：“別擔(dān)心!為什么不在你的商鋪重建之前和我一起去我的店做呢？作為社區(qū)的成員，我們都應(yīng)該互相幫助?！盇.replace取代，代替；B.attend出席；C.enable使能夠；D.join參加。根據(jù)下文“Asfellowcommunitymembersweallshouldtrytohelpeachother.”可知謝伊·蘭薩姆讓約西·海曼在其商鋪重建之前去他的店里繼續(xù)經(jīng)營生意，joinsb“和某人一起”。故選D。【30題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：謝伊照他承諾的做了，約西也減少了他的損失。A.maintained維持；B.recovered恢復(fù)，重新獲得；C.reported報道；D.cut削減。根據(jù)“Sheadidashepromised”可知謝伊·蘭薩姆讓約西·海曼在其商鋪重建之前去他的店里繼續(xù)經(jīng)營生意，因此約西·海曼可以減少很多損失。故選D?！?1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這個故事很精彩，它是一個將社區(qū)成員視為家庭成員的例子，將他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.example榜樣，例子；B.reminder暗示，起提醒作用的東西；C.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；D.guide指南，向?qū)А８鶕?jù)“seeingfellowcommunitymembersaspartofonefamily”可知這個故事是一個將社區(qū)成員視為一個大家庭的一部分的很好的例子。故選A。【32題詳解】考查介詞短語詞義辨析。句意：這個故事很精彩，它是一個將社區(qū)成員視為家庭成員的例子，將他人的需要置于自己的需要之上。A.becauseof因為，由于；B.aheadof早先，在…之前；C.outof由于，來自，缺乏；D.inspiteof盡管，不顧。根據(jù)上文“5Sheadidsomethingtrulyexcellent.”和“Don’tworry!Whynot9meinmystorebeforeyourstorecouldberebuilt?”可知謝伊·蘭薩姆沒有借此機會搶走客戶，反而幫助了約西·海曼。這是把別人的需要放在自己的需要前面。故選B?！?3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：商人們通常都想賺更多的錢或擴大他們的生意規(guī)模，但這個故事是罕見的：它真實地展示了真正的信仰和偉大的仁慈。A.duty責(zé)任；B.fame名聲，名望；C.interest興趣，利益；D.business商業(yè)，交易。根據(jù)“Businessmenusuallywanttomakemoremoney”和常識，可知商人通常都想要賺更多的錢，擴大自己的生意規(guī)模。故選D?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：商人們通常都想賺更多的錢或擴大他們的生意規(guī)模，但這個故事是罕見的：它真實地展示了真正的信仰和偉大的仁慈。A.exceptional罕見的，異常的，例外的；B.boring無聊的；C.ridiculous可笑的，荒謬的；D.old老的，舊的。根據(jù)“but”和下文“It’satrulysinceredisplayo