第二節(jié)形容詞和副詞考點(diǎn)一形容詞和副詞的用法1.形容詞(1)形容詞用法修飾名詞作定語;跟在系動(dòng)詞后作表語;跟在賓語后作賓補(bǔ);還可用作狀語,說明主語的情況。Ifeelexcitedbecausethisschooldiffersinmanywaysfrommypreviousone,ismuchbiggerandmoredynamicthanIexpected.(北師大必一U1)我感到很興奮,因?yàn)檫@所學(xué)校在很多方面都與我以前的學(xué)校不同,比我想象的要大得多,也更有活力。Heleft,leavingmealoneintheroom.他離開了,把我一個(gè)人留在房間里。Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,afraidofthehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.

由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕的生物,有些人不去海里游泳了。(外研必二U6)(2)詞性轉(zhuǎn)換構(gòu)成意義例詞名詞+-y充滿……的wind風(fēng)→windy多風(fēng)的cloud云→cloudy多云的wealth財(cái)富→wealthy富有的health健康→healthy健康的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-ful充滿……的;有……傾向的wonder驚奇→wonderful絕妙的;success成功→successful成功的;use使用→useful有用的;help幫助→helpful有幫助的;power力量→powerful強(qiáng)有力的;peace和平→peaceful和平的名詞+-al/-ial與……有關(guān)的person人;個(gè)人→personal個(gè)人的;face臉→facial面部的;nature自然→natural自然的;culture文化→cultural文化的名詞+-ous有……性質(zhì)的danger危險(xiǎn)→dangerous危險(xiǎn)的;glory光榮→glorious光榮的;humor幽默→humorous幽默的;religion宗教→religious宗教的名詞+-ish有……性質(zhì)的child孩子→childish孩子氣的;self自我→selfish自私的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-ible/-able能……的;可……的access進(jìn)入→accessible可進(jìn)入的;reason理由→reasonable合理的;comfort舒適→comfortable舒適的;admire欽佩→admirable可欽佩的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-ive有……性質(zhì)的attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的;create創(chuàng)造→creative創(chuàng)造性的;expense花費(fèi)→expensive昂貴的;effect效應(yīng)→effective有效的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-ly有……特征的friend朋友→friendly友好的;time時(shí)間→timely及時(shí)的;day一天→daily日常的;love愛→lovely可愛的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-less沒有……的end終止→endless無窮無盡的;aim目標(biāo)→aimless無目標(biāo)的;home家→homeless無家可歸的;use使用→useless無用的名詞+-en由……制成的wood木頭→wooden木制的;wool毛→woolen羊毛的名詞+-ern……方向的south南方→southern南方的;east東方→eastern東方的名詞/動(dòng)詞+-ate具有……性質(zhì)的fortune運(yùn)氣→fortunate幸運(yùn)的;consider考慮→considerate體貼的(3)由動(dòng)詞的-ing形式或過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞這類形容詞對(duì)應(yīng)的動(dòng)詞多為及物動(dòng)詞,含有“使人……”的含義,其中與人的情感相關(guān)的動(dòng)詞尤為常見,如excite(使人興奮)、interest(使人感興趣)等。此類動(dòng)詞形成的-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞具有不同的特點(diǎn)::

動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞-ing形式的形容詞(常意為“令人……的”,描述主語或被修飾詞所具有的特征)過去分詞形式的形容詞(常意為“感到……的”,描述主語或被修飾詞所處的狀態(tài))exciteexciting令人興奮的→excitingnews令人興奮的消息excited感到興奮的→excitedvoice興奮的聲音interestinteresting有趣的→interestingstory有趣的故事interested感興趣的→interestedaudience感興趣的觀眾surprisesurprising令人驚訝的→surprisingspeed驚人的速度surprised感到驚訝的→surprisedlook驚訝的眼神/神情tiretiring令人疲倦的→tiringwork累人的工作tired感到疲倦的→tiredfeet疲勞的雙腳pleasepleasing令人滿意的→pleasingresult令人滿意的結(jié)果pleased感到滿意的→pleasedcustomer滿意的顧客amazeamazing令人驚奇的→amazingperformance令人驚奇的表演amazed感到驚奇的→amazedcrowds驚愕的人群[點(diǎn)撥]有些不及物動(dòng)詞的過去分詞或動(dòng)詞-ing形式也可轉(zhuǎn)化成形容詞,如fallen(落下的)、falling(正在下落的)。2.副詞副詞在句中作狀語,修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。Henoticedthatthesaucerwasanantiqueandveryvaluable,sohewalkedcasually(casual)intothestoreandinnocently(innocent)offeredtobuythecatfor20dollars.(北師大選二U4)他注意到淺碟是件古董,很值錢,于是他漫不經(jīng)心地走進(jìn)店里,裝作若無其事地想用20美元買那只貓。Fortunately(fortunate)thereweresomepeoplewaitingtocrossatthetrafficlight,sotheyquicklyranovertothecarandcheckedthatthedriverwasfine,andthenpushedthecarbackontoitswheels.(北師大選二U4)幸運(yùn)的是,當(dāng)時(shí)有一些人正在紅綠燈前等待過馬路,所以他們很快跑到車旁,確認(rèn)司機(jī)無恙后,然后把車扶正?？键c(diǎn)二形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地great→greatly很,大大地以“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾的形容詞,變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地heavy→heavily沉重地詞尾為-le的形容詞,去掉e,再加-y(whole例外)terrible→terribly極度地gentle→gently輕柔地whole→wholly整個(gè)地詞尾為-ue結(jié)尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly真實(shí)地詞尾為-ll結(jié)尾的形容詞,直接加-yfull→fully充分地;完全地dull→dully遲鈍地詞尾為-ic結(jié)尾的形容詞,加-ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科學(xué)地public→publicly公開地;公然地Peoplemightgently(gentle)mockpeopleinpositionsofpower“mybosscan’trunabath,letalonethiscompany!”(北師大選二U4)人們可能會(huì)溫和地嘲笑位高權(quán)重的人“我的老板連浴室都開不了,更別說運(yùn)營這家公司了!”WhenHelengothernewballetshoes,shesmiled,putthemonanddancedaroundhappily(happy).(北師大選二U4)當(dāng)海倫拿到她的新芭蕾舞鞋時(shí),她笑了,高興地穿上新鞋跳起舞來。Thisfamousattraction,Yuzui,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,namely,FeishayanandBaopingkou,wasscientifically(scientific)designedtocontrolthewaterflowthroughouttheyear.(人教選四U2)這個(gè)著名的景點(diǎn)“魚嘴”,連同另外兩個(gè)重要的部分,即“飛沙巖”和“保平口”,都是為了控制全年的水流量而科學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的?？键c(diǎn)三形容詞和副詞的比較等級(jí)1.比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)的構(gòu)成(1)規(guī)則變化①單音節(jié)以及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)后加-er和-est構(gòu)成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表:特殊情況構(gòu)成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的字母-e結(jié)尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+-y”結(jié)尾變y為i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,且詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母雙寫詞尾,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級(jí)前加more和most構(gòu)成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[點(diǎn)撥]①有少數(shù)幾個(gè)雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most構(gòu)成比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這些雙音節(jié)詞是:common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、cruel、stupid、secure和以-ow、-er結(jié)尾的詞。②有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒有比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)。這類形容詞有:right、wrong、excellent、complete、empty、first、wooden、final、east、last等。(2)不規(guī)則變化原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指時(shí)間或空間上“更遠(yuǎn)(的)”]·further[指空間距離“更遠(yuǎn)(的)”;在更大程度上]·farthest[指時(shí)間或空間上“最久(的);最遠(yuǎn)(的)”]·furthest[指空間距離“最遠(yuǎn)(的)”;在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比較等級(jí)的常用句型(1)同級(jí)比較:“as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”,其否定形式是“notas/so+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as”。Bodylanguageisasimportantaswordsincommunicatingwithotherpeople.(人教選一U4)

在與他人交流時(shí),肢體語言與言語同樣重要。(2)比較級(jí):“形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than”;“more/less+多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than”。常見的修飾比較級(jí)的詞有any、much、even、far、byfar、alot、agreatdeal等。Featuresare“peoplestories”,andaretypicallylongerthanstandardnewsstories.(外研必一U3)

特寫是“人物故事”,通常比標(biāo)準(zhǔn)新聞故事要長。(3)最高級(jí):“the+形容詞的最高級(jí)(+名詞)+比較范圍(in/of/among短語)”;“oneofthe+形容詞的最高級(jí)+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”。常用來修飾最高級(jí)的詞有byfar、almost以及序數(shù)詞等。ThefirstofthepoetscomingtherewasRobertSouthey,oneofthemostrespectedpoetsofhistime.(外研選三U6)

第一個(gè)來到這里的詩人是羅伯特·索塞,他是那個(gè)時(shí)代最受尊敬的詩人之一。(4)“比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原級(jí)”表示“越來越……”。Whenpassengerdronesareflyingaboveourcitiesinlargequantities,theskywillbegettingmoreandmorecrowded.(譯林選二U4)

當(dāng)大量的客運(yùn)無人機(jī)在我們的城市上空飛行時(shí),天空將變得越來越擁擠。(5)“the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語,the+比較級(jí)+主語+謂語”,表示“越……就越……”。Themoreyouknowaboutourtraditionalculture,themoreyouareinterestedinit.

你對(duì)我們的傳統(tǒng)文化了解得越多,你就對(duì)它越感興趣。(6)“the+比較級(jí)+of(the)+名詞/代詞”,表示“(兩者中)較……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldpreferthesmallerone,whichisveryeasyformetocarry.

這兩個(gè)照相機(jī)中,我喜歡較小的那個(gè),對(duì)我來說它很容易攜帶。3.比較級(jí)表達(dá)最高級(jí)含義(1)“否定詞+比較級(jí)”或“否定詞+such/so...as”結(jié)構(gòu)表示最高級(jí)含義。Nothingcouldbebetterifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.如果有人主動(dòng)提出幫助他們,那就再好不過了。(2)比較級(jí)在以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)中均表示最高級(jí)含義:·比較級(jí)+than+anyother+單數(shù)名詞·比較級(jí)+than+alltheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞·比較級(jí)+than+anyoftheother+復(fù)數(shù)名詞TheYangtzeRiverislongerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherriversinChina.

長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。/長江是中國最長的河。4.倍數(shù)表達(dá)法常見的倍數(shù)表達(dá)法句型主要有:(1)A+is+倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than+B(2)A+is+倍數(shù)+as+原級(jí)+as+B(3)A+is+倍數(shù)+the+名詞(size、length、height等)+of+B(4)the+名詞(size、length、height等)+of+A+is+倍數(shù)+that+of+B(5)A+is+倍數(shù)+what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Itsprofitsarerisingfourtimesfasterthantheaveragecompany.

其利潤正以快于一般公司4倍的速度增長。1.根據(jù)句子成分判斷是形容詞還是副詞(1)若句子缺定語、表語或補(bǔ)語,要首先想到用形容詞。(2)當(dāng)設(shè)空處作狀語時(shí),要首先考慮填副詞?！镜淅?】The(evident)growingChineseonlineliteratureinoverseasmarketsoffersatotallynewworldwidelensintounderstandingChina.

答案evidently[此處作狀語修飾growing,應(yīng)用副詞形式,故填evidently。]【典例2】KunquOperaisconsideredChina’soldestoperaformandoneofthemost(influence)theatricaltraditions.

答案influential[此處修飾名詞traditions,需用形容詞作定語,故填influential。]2.看到與than連用,要想到用比較級(jí)【典例1】TheAIinspection,poweredbycameras,drones(無人機(jī))andwalkingrobots,iscapableofcompletingataskin(little)thanfiveminutes.

答案less[根據(jù)空后的than可知,空處應(yīng)用比較級(jí),little的比較級(jí)是less,構(gòu)成短語lessthan,意為“少于”。故填less。]【典例2】Afterafewmonths,weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.

答案stronger[根據(jù)句中的比較級(jí)標(biāo)志詞than可知,本句應(yīng)用比較級(jí),表示幾個(gè)月后的情況與之前的情況進(jìn)行比較,much用于修飾比較級(jí)。]3.看到and、but、or等連詞前或后用的比較等級(jí)形式,要想到用比較等級(jí)【典例】Theywerealsothebestand(bad)yearsinmylife.(全國Ⅲ卷)

答案worst[由并列連詞and前面的“thebest”可知,此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式。]4.看到語境中暗含的比較含義,要想到用比較級(jí)(二者之間)或最高級(jí)(三者及以上)【典例】Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.

答案earlier[由hadmade可知該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在到達(dá)旅館之前,故應(yīng)該是早在六個(gè)月之前我們就已經(jīng)預(yù)訂了,故用比較級(jí)earlier。]5.看到下列固定搭配,要想到用比較等級(jí)(1)the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...【典例1】The(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.

答案harder[分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句為“the+比較級(jí)...,the+比較級(jí)...”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。故填harder。](2)the+最高級(jí)+標(biāo)志性詞語或從句【典例2】Mymummakesthe(good)biscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.

答案best[此處前面有the,后面有表示范圍的“intheworld”,所以應(yīng)該用形容詞的最高級(jí)。]層級(jí)一模擬達(dá)標(biāo)練1.Nearly4,000unearthedculturalrelicsaredisplayedinthemuseum.Morethanthreequartersofthesehaveneverbeenpublicly(public)exhibitedbefore.(2025·山東名?？荚嚶?lián)盟高三二模)2.Oneofthemostremarkable(remarkable)featuresofChineseoperaisitsintegration(融合)ofsinging,dancing,acting,andacrobatics.(2025·保定九縣高三三模)

3.TheNanjingHongshanForestZoo,oncestrugglingtosustainitssurvival(survive),hasundergonearemarkableturnaround.(2025·濟(jì)寧高三二模)4.“Thisreflectedthecompany’scommitment(commit)tohelpingchildrenbelieveinthemselvesthroughsports,”itsaid.(2025·邯鄲高三二模)5.Duetotemperatureriseandsafetyconcerns,thehugely(huge)popularHarbinIceandSnowWorlddroppeditscurtainonThursdayevening.(2025·榆林高三三模)6.Lanternswithmodernthemessuchascartooncharacters,culturaltrendsandonlinegamesaregainingpopularity(popular)amongyoungpeople.(2025·南昌高三二模)7.NorthernChinaexperiencescold,anddrywinters,andhotsummers,makingcaloriesandsaltreplacementevenmoreimportant(important).(2025·三門峽高三三模)

8.Thetaskaimedtodevelopstudents’innovative(innovation)thinking.(2025·廣西柳州高三三模)9.PartsofAsiaarenowgoingthrougharapidly(rapid)agingfarmerpopulationandafearoffoodshortage(short).(2025·蕪湖高三模擬)10.Thechangingoffacial(face)make-upsandcolorsreflectsacharacter’s(character)mood—redrepresentingangerandblackextremefury.(2025·寧德高三三模)層級(jí)二高考真題練1.Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotectivefunctional(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)2.Incoldweather,thestructurestaysclosed(close)toprotecttheplants.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)3.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthecompletion(complete)oftheirjourney.(2024·全國甲卷)4.Yellowstonewasthelargest(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaskatookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.(2024·全國甲卷)5.TheseplantsincludedmodernWesternfavourites(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)6.Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommonthemes(theme)intheirworks.(2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)7.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethearrival(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfident(confidence)speakingEnglish.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)8.So,whataretheylearning?Basically(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ卷)9.Xiaolongbao(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,tasty(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.(2023·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ卷)10.Beijingisalsoaplacewith21st-centuryarchitecturalwonders(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.(2023·全國乙卷改編)層級(jí)三語篇提能練(2023·浙江1月卷改編)DuringChina’s1.(dynasty)period,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocial2.(class).Theterm“hutong”,3.(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.

IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermittedtolive4.(close)tothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsand5.(wealth)businessmenoftenfeatured6.(beautiful)carvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(柱子).Thehutongstheyformedwereorderly,li