2023年6月大學(xué)英語四級真題試卷三（完整版）

PartiWriting(30minutes)

(請于正式開考后半小時(shí)內(nèi)完畢該部分，之后將進(jìn)行聽力考試)

Directions:Fo/-thispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanadvertisementon

yourcampuswebsitetosellsomeofthecoursebooksyouusedatcollege.Your

advertisementmayincludeabriefdescriptionoftheircontent,theircondition,their

priceandyourcontactinformation.Youshouldwriteatleast12。wordsbutnomore

than180words.

PartIIListeningComprehension(25

minutes)

PartIIListeningComprehension(30

minutes)

SectionA

Directions:/athissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeach

newsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandquestions

willbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearquestions,youmustchoosethebestanswer

fromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthecorrespondingletter

Sheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。

Questions1to2arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.A)Themajorityofdriversprefertodriveandparkthemselves.

B)Humandriversbecomeeasilydistractedortiredwhiledriving.

C)Mostdriversfeeluncertainaboutthesafetyofself-drivingcars.

D)Mostdrivershavetestdrivencarswithautomaticbrakingfeatures.

2.A)Theirdriverswouldfeelsafeaftergettingusedtotheautomaticdevices.

B)Theywouldbeunpopularwithdriverswhoonlytrusttheirownskills.

C)Theirincreasedcomfortlevelshaveboostedtheirsales.

D)Theyarenotactuallyassafeasautomakersadvertise.

Questions3to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

3.A)TheftsofsnowmobiledogsinAlaska.

B)Aseriesofinjuriestosnowmobiledrivers.

C)AttacksonsomeIditarodRacecompetitors.

D)AseriousaccidentintheAlaskasportsevent.

4.A)Hestayedbehindtolookafterhisinjureddogs.

B)HehaswontheAlaskaIditarodRacefourtimes.

C)HereceivedaminorinjuryintheIditarodRace.

D)HehasquitthecompetitioninAlaskaforgood.

Questions5to7arcbasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.A)Itsankintotheseaduetooverloading.

B)ItranintoNicaragua'sBigCornIsland.

C)Itdisappearedbetweentwolargeislands.

D)Itturnedoverbecauseofstrongwinds.

6.A)13.B)25.

C)3().D)32.

7.A)Hehashelpedwiththerescueeffort.

B)Heisbeinginvestigatedbythepolice.

C)Hewasdrownedwiththepassengers.

D)Heisamongthosepeoplemissing.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissection,youwillheartvvolongconversations.Attheendof

eachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthe

questionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethe

bestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Thenmarkthe

correspondingletteronSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Questions8to11arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

8.A)Alashoppingcentre.B)Atacommunitycollege.

C)Atanaccountancyfirm.D)AtanITcompany.

9.A)Helpingoutwithdatainput.B)Arranginginterviews.

C)Sortingapplicationforms.D)Makingphonecalls.

10.A)Heenjoysusingcomputers.

B)Heneedsthemoneybadly.

C)Hewantstoworkinthecitycentre.

D)Hehasrelevantworkingexperience.

11.A)Purchasesomebusinesssuits.

B)Learnsomecomputerlanguage.

C)Improvehisprogrammingskills.

D)Reviewsomeaccountancyterms.

Questions12to15arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

12.A)Theyarekeenonhightechnology.

B)Theyarepoorattechnologyskills.

C)TheyoftenlistentoNationalPublicRadio.

D)Theyfeelsuperiorinscienceandtechnology.

13.A)Japanese.B)Germans.

C)Poles.D)Americans.

14.A)Emailing.B)Texting.

C)Science.D)Literacy.

15.A)Itisundergoingadrasticreform.

B)Itlaysemphasisoncreativethinking.

C)Ithasmuchroomforimprovement.

D)Itprioritizestrainingofpracticalskills.

SectionC

Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassagesoflecturesortalks

followedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.After

youhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasingle

linethrolighthecentre.

Questions16tol8arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16.A)Theyhavesmallroots.B)Theygrowwhiteflowers.

C)Theytastelikeapples.D)TheycomefromCentralAfrica.

17.A)Theyturnedfromwhitetopurpleincolor.

B)Theybecamepopularontheworldmarket.

C)Theybecameanimportantfoodforhumans.

D)Theybegantolooklikemodern-daycarrots.

18.A)Theywerefoundquitenutritious.

B)Therewereseriousfoodshortages.

C)Peoplediscoveredtheirmedicinalvalue.

D)Farmmachineshelpedlowertheirprices.

Questions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

19.A)Shecouldupdateherfamilyanytimesheliked.

B)Shecouldcallupherfamilywheneversheliked

C)Shecouldlocateherfriendswherevertheywere.

D)Shecoulddownloadasmanypicturesassheliked.

20.A)Shelikedtoinformherfriendsabouthersuccess.

B)Sheenjoyedreadingherfriends,statusupdates.

C)Shefeltquitepopularamongthem.

D)Shefeltshewasateenageragain.

21.A)Shecouldbarelyrespondtoallher500Facebookfriends.

B)Shespentmoretimeupdatingherfriendsthanherfamily.

C)ShecouldbarelybalanceFacebookupdatesandherwork.

D)Shedidn'tseemtobedoingaswellasherFacebookfriends.

Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

22.A)Theyhavestrongmuscles.

B)Theylivealongerlifethanhorses.

C)Theyeatmuchlessinwinter.

D)Theycanworklongerthandonkeys.

23.A)ItwasapctofaSpanishking.

B)ItwasboughtbyGeorgeWashington.

C)ItwasbroughtoverfromSpain.

D)ItwasdonatedbyaU.S.Ambassador.

24.A)Theymetandexchangedideasonanimalbreeding.

B)Theyparticipatedinamule-drivingcompetition.

C)Theyshowedandtradedanimalsinthemarket.

D)Theyfedmuleswiththebestfoodtheycouldfind.

25.A)Thewideruseofhorses.B)Thearrivaloftractors.

C)Ashrinkinganimaltrade.D)Agrowingdonkeypopulation.

PartIIIReadingComprehension(40

minutes)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequired

toselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowing

thepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices,Each

choiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfor

eachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuse

anyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.

Questions26to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Asifyouneededanotherreasontohatethegym,itnowturnsoutthatexercise

canexhaustnotonlyyourmuscles,butalsoyoureyes.Fearnot,however,forcoffee

canstimulatethemagain.During(26)exercise,ourmusclestireastheyrun

outoffuelandbuildupwasteproducts.Musclepcrformancecanalsobeaffectedbya

(27)called“centralfatigue,inwhichanimbalanceinthebody'schemical

messengerspreventsthecentralnervoussystemfromdirectingmusclemovements

(28).Itwasnotknown,however,whethercentralfatiguemightalsoaffect

motorsystemsnotdirectly(29)intheexerciseitself,suchasthosethat

movetheeyes.Tofindout,researchersgave11volunteercyclistsacarbohydrate(碳

水化合物的)(30)eitherwithamoderatedoseofcaffeine(咖啡因)，whichis

knowntostimulatethecentralnervoussystem,orasaplacebo(撫慰劑)without,

during3hoursof(31).Afterexercising,thescientiststestedthecyclistswith

eye-trackingcamerastoseehowwelltheirbrainscouldstill(32)theirvisual

system.Theteamfoundthatexercisereducedthespeedofrapideyemovementsby

about8%,(33)theirabilitytocapturenewvisualinformation.Thecaffeine,

theequivalentoftwostrongcupsofcoffee,was(34)toreversethiseffect,

withsomecyclistsevendisplaying(35)eyemovementspeeds.Soitmight

beagoodideatogetsomeoneelsetodriveyouhomeafterthatmarathon.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

A)cautiouslyB)commitC)controlD)cycling

E)effectivelyF)increasedG)involvedH)limited

I)phenomenonJ)preventingK)sensitiveL)slowing

M)solutionN)sufficientO)vigorous

SectionB

Directions://?thissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatements

attachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.

Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinfannationisderived.Youmaychoosea

paragraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.Answerthe

questionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronA雁werSheet2.

Teamspirit

[AJTeamshavebecomethebasicbuildingblocksoforganizations.Recruitment

advertisementsroutinelycallfor“teamplayers”.Businessschoolsgradetheirstudents

inpariontheirperformanceingroupprojects.Officemanagersknockdownwallsto

encourageteambuilding.Teamsareasoldascivilization,ofcourse:evenJesushad

12co-workcrs.ButanewreportbyDeloitte,"GlobalHumanCapitalTrends"，based

onasurveyofmorethan7,000executivesinover13（）countries,suggeststhatthe

fashionforteamworkhasreachedanewhigh.Almosthalfofthosesurveyedsaid

theircompanieswereeitherinthemiddleofrestructuringorabouttoembarkon（開

始）it;andforihemostpart,restructuringmeanlputtingmoreemphasisonteams.

[BJCompaniesareabandoningconventionalfunctionaldepartmentsand

organisingemployeesintocross-disciplinaryteamsthatfocusonparticularproducts,

problemsorcustomers.Theseteamsaregainingmorepowertoruntheirownaffairs.

Theyarealsospendingmoretimeworkingwitheachotherratherthanreporting

upwards.Deloittearguesthataneworganisationalformisontherise:anetworkof

teamsisreplacingtheconventionalhierarchy（等級體制）.

[C]Thefashionforteamsisdrivenbyasensethattheoldwayoforganising

peopleistoorigidforboththemodemmarketplaceandtheexpectationsofemployees.

Technologicalinnovationplacesgreatervalueonagility（靈活性）.JohnChambers,

chairmanofCiscoSystemsInc.,aworldwideleaderinelectronicsproducts,saysthat

“wecompeteagainstmarkettransitions（過渡），notcompetitors.Producttransitions

usedtotakefiveorsevenyears;nowtheytakeoneortwo.”Digitaltechnologyalso

makesiteasierforpeopletoco-ordinatetheiractivitieswithoutresortingtohierarchy.

The"nullenmals^（千禧一代）whowillsoonmakeuphalftheworkforceinrich

countrieswereraisedfromnurseryschoolonwardstoworkingroups.

[DJThefashionforteamsisalsospreadingfromtheusualcorporatesuspects

（suchabGEandIBM）iosomemoreunusualones.TlicClevelandClinic,aliospilal

operator,hasreorganiseditsmedicalstaffintoteamstofocusonparticulartreatment

areas;consultants,nursesandotherscollaboratecloselyinsteadofbeingseparatedby

speciality（^lk）andrank.TheUSArmyhasgonethesameway.Inhisbook,“Team

ofTeams*GeneralStanleyMcChrystaldescribeshowthearmy'shierarchicalstructure

hindereditsoperationsduringtheearlystagesoftheIraqwar.Hissolutionwasto

learnsomethingfromtheinsurgentsitwasfighting:decentraliseauthorityto

self-organisingteams.

[EJAgoodruleofthumbisthatassoonasgeneralsandhospitaladministrators

jumponamanagementbandwagon,itistimetoaskquestions.LeighThompsonof

KelloggSchoolofManagementinIllinoiswarnsthat,'Teamsarenotalwaysthe

answer-teamsmayprovideinsight,creativityandknowledgeinawaythataperson

workingindependentlycannot;butteamworkmayalsoleadtoconfusion,delayand

poordecision-making."ThelateRichardHackmanofHarvardUniversityonceargued,

“Ihavenoquestionthatwhenyouhaveateam,thepossibilityexiststhatitwill

generatemagic,producingsomethingextraordinary...Butdon'tcountonit.”

[F]Hackman(whodiedin2023)notedthatteamsarehamperedbyproblemsof

co-ordinationandmotivationthatchipawayatthebenefitsofcollaboration.

High-flyersforcedtnworkinteamsmaybeiindervnluedandfree-ridersempowered.

Groupthinkmaybeunavoidable.Inastudyof120teamsofseniorexecutives,he

discoveredthatlessthan10%oftheirsupposedmembersagreedonwhoexactlywas

ontheteam.Ifitishardenoughtodefineateam'smembership,agreeingonits

purposeisharderstill.

[GJProfoundchangesintheworkforcearemakingteamstrickiertomanage.

Teamsworkbestiftheirmembershaveastrongcommonculture.Thisishardto

achievewhen,asisnowthecaseinmanybigfirms,alargeproportionofstaffare

temporarycontractors.Teamworkimproveswithtime:America'sNational

TransportationSafetyBoardfoundthat73%oftheincidentsinitscivil-aviation

databaseoccurredonacrew'sfirstdayofflyingtogether.However,asAmy

EdmondsonofHarvardpointsout,organisationsincreasinglyuse"team”asaverb

ralhcrIliananoun;theyformteamslorspecificpuipuscsandllicuquicklydisband

them.

[H]Theleastthatcanbeconcludedfromthisresearchisthatcompaniesneedto

thinkharderaboutmanagingteams.Theyneedtoridtheirmindsofsentimentalism

(感情用事):themostsuccessfulteamshaveleaderswhoareabletosetanoverall

directionandtakeimmediateaction.Theyneedtokeepteamssmallandfocused:

givingintopressuretobemore"inclusive“isaguaranteeofdysfunction.JeffBezos,

Amazon'sboss,saysthat“IfIseemorethantwopizzasfbrlunch,theteamistoobig.”

Theyneedtoimmunizeteamsagainstgroup-think:Hackmanarguedthatthebestones

contain"deviants'"（離經(jīng)叛道者）whoarewillingtodosomethingthatmaybe

upsettingtoothers.

[I]Anewstudyof12,000workersin17countriesbySteelcase,afurniture-maker

whichalsodoesconsulting,findsthatthebestwaytoensureemployeesare“engaged”

istogivethemmorecontroloverwhereandhowtheydotheirwork—whichmay

meanliberatingthemfromhavingtodoeverythingincollaborationwithothers.

[J]However,organisationsneedtolearnsomethingbiggerthanhowtomanage

teamsbetter:theyneedtobeinthehabitofaskingthemselveswhetherteamsarcthe

besttoolsforthejob.Teambuildingskillsareinshortsupply:Deloittereportsthat

only12%oftheexecutivestheycontactedfeeltheyunderstandthewaypeoplework

togetherinnetworksandonly21%feelconfidentintheirabilitytobuild

cross-functionalteams.Looselymanagedteamscanbecomehotbedsof

distraction—employeesroutinelycomplainthattheycan'tgettheirworkdone

becausetheyarcforcedtospendtoomuchtimeinmeetingsorcompelledtoworkin

noisyoffices.Evenintheageofopen-planofficesandsocialnetworkssomeworkis

bestlefttotheindividual.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

36.Successfulteamleadersknowexactlywheretheteamshouldgoandareabletotake

promptaction.

37.Decentralisationofauthoritywasalsofoundtobemoreeffectiveinmilitary

operations.

38.Inmanycompanies,theconventionalformoforganisationisgivingwaytoa

networkofteams.

39.Membersofpoorlymanagedteamsareeasilydistractedfromtheirwork.

40.Teamworkismosteffectivewhenteammemberssharethesameculture.

41.AccordingtoareportbyDeloitte,teamworkisbecomingincreasinglypopular

amongcompanies.

42.Someteammembersfindithardtoagreeonquestionslikemembershipandthe

team'spurpose.

43.Somescholarsthinkteamworkmaynotalwaysbereliable,despiteitspotentialto

workwonders.

44.Toensureemployees^ommitment,itisadvisabletogivethemmore

Hexibilityastowhereandhowtheywork.

45.Producttransitionstakemuchlesstimenowthaninthepast.

SectionC

Directions:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedby

somequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoices

markedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideORthebestchoiceandmarkthe

correspondingletteronAnswerSheet2w"hasinglelinethroughthecentre.

PassageOne

Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

TheShoppersintheUKarespendinglessmoneyontoiletpapertosavemoney,

researchhasshown.

Penny-pinchingUKconsumerschoosecheaperproductsfromdiscounterssuch

asAldiandLidlratherthanluxuryalternatives.

Thishaswiped6%offthevalueofthesofttissuepapermarketintheUK.Ithas

shrunkfrom￡1.19billionin2023to￡1.12billionin2023,accordingtoanewreport

frommarketresearchcompanyMinteLFurthermore,thefutureofthemarketlooksfar

fromrosy,withsalesexpectedtofallfurtherto￡1.11billionin2023.

Inthelastyearalone,despiteanincreaseintheUKpopulationandasubsequent

riseinthenumberofhouseholds,salesoftoiletpaperfellby2%,withtheaverage

householdreducingtheirtoiletrollspendingfrom￡43in2023to￡41in2023.

Overall,almostthreeinfivepeoplesaytheytrytolimittheirusageof

paper-includingfacialtissueandkitchenroll—tosavemoney."Strength,softness

andthicknessremaintheleadingindicatorsoftoiletpaperquality,withjustasmall

proportionofconsumerspreferringmoreluxuriousalternatives,suchasthosewith

Howerpatternsofperfume,saidMintelanalystJackDuckett."Theseextrafeaturesare

deemedunnecessarybythemajorityofshoppers,whichprobablyreflectshowthese

typesofproductsaretypicallymoreexpensivethanregulartoiletpaper,evenwhenon

specialoffer.”

Whileconsumersarespendinglessontoiletpaper,theyremainfussy-intheory

atleast—whenitcomestopaperquality.TopofBritons,toiletpaperwishlistis

softness(57%)followedbystrength(45%)andthickness(36%).

Onein10buyersrandtoiletrollsmadefromrecycledpaperamongtheirlop

considerations,highlightinghowoveralltheenvironmentismuchlessofa

considerationforshoppersthanproductquality.Inachallengeformanufacturers,81%

ofpaperproductuserssaidtheywouldconsiderbuyingrecycledtoilettissueifitwere

comparableinqualitytostandardpaper.

注意：此部分試題請?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。

46.Themarketsalesoftoiletpaperhavedecreasedbecause.

A)Britonshavecuttheirspendingonit

B)itspriceshavegoneupovertheyears

C)itsqualityhasseenmarkedimprovement

D)Britonshavedevelopedthehabitofsaving

47.WhatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofthetissuepapermarketintheUK?

A)Itwillexpendintime.

B)Itwillremaingloomy.

C)Itwillexperienceupsanddowns.

D)Itwillrecoveraspopulationgrows.

48.WhatdoesJackDuckettsayabouttoiletpaper?

A)Specialofferswouldpromoteitssales.

B)Consumersareloyaltocertainbrands.

C)Luxuriousfeaturesaddmuchtotheprice.

D)Consumershaveavarietytochoosefrom.

49.WhatdowelearnaboutBritonsconcerningtoiletpaper?

A)Theyareparticularaboutthequalityoftoiletpaper.

B)Theyemphasizethestrengthoftoiletpaperthemost.

C)Theyprefercheaptoiletpapertorecycledtoiletpaper.

D)Theyrejectusingtoiletpaperwithunnecessaryfeatures.

5O.Whatcanweinferfromihelastparagraph?

A)MoreandmoreBritonsbuyrecycledtoilerpapertoprotecttheenvironment.

B)Toiletpapermanufacturersarefacingagreatchallengeinpromotingitssales.

C)Toiletpapermanufacturerscompetewithoneanothertoimproveproduct

quality.

D)EnvironmentalprotectionisnotmuchofaconcernwhenBritonsbuytoilet

paper.

PassageTwo

Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

“OneofthereasonsIfindthistopicveryinterestingisbecausemymomwasa

smokerwhenIwasyounger,“saysLindson-Hawley,whostudiestobaccoandhealth

attheUniversityofOxford.

Bystudyingabout700adultsmokers,shefoundoutthathermomquittheright

way——bystoppingabruptlyandcompletely.

Inherstudy,participantswererandomlyassignedtotwogroups.One

hadtoquitabruptlyonagivenday,goingfromaboutapackadaytozero.Theother

cutdowngraduallyoverthecourseoftwoweeks.Peopleinbothgroupsusednicotine

(尼古丁)patchesbeforetheyquit,inadditiontoasecondformofnicotine

replacement,likegumorspray.Theyalsohadtalktherapywithanursebeforeand

afterquitday.

Sixmonthsout,morepeoplewhohadquitabruptlyhadstuckwithit——morethan

one-fifthofthem,comparedtoaboutonc-scvcnthintheothergroup.Althoughthese

numbersappearlow,itismuchhigherthanifpeopletrywithoutsupport.

Andthequitrateswereparticularlyconvincinggiventhatbeforethestudy

started,mostofthepeoplehadsaidthey'drathercutdowngraduallybeforequitting.

“Ifyou'retrainingforamarathon,youwouldn'texpecttoturnupandjustbeableto

runit.AndIthink