2023年職稱英語真題理工(A)

第1部分：詞匯選項(第1-15題，每題1分，共15分)

下面每個句子中均有1個詞或者短語劃有底橫線，請為每處劃線部分確定1個意義最

為靠近口勺選項。

I.Therulesarctoorigidtoallowfbrhumaneerror.

A.inflexibleB.generalC.complexD.direct

2.Thisspecieshasnearlyd：edoulbecauseitshabitatisbeingdestroyed.

A.turneddeadB.passedbyC.carriedawayD.becomeextinct

3.Thecontractbetweenthetwocompanieswillexpiresoon.

A.shortenB.endC.startD.resume

4.Threeworld-classtennisplayerscametocontendforthistitle.

A.argueB.claimC.wishD.compete

5.Themethodsofcommunicationusedduringthewarwereprimitive.

A.simpleB.reliableC.effectiveD.alternative

6.Respectforlifeisacardinalprincipleofthelaw.

A.moralB.regularC.fundamentalD.hard

7.Thedrinkingwaterhasbecomecontaminatedwithlead.

A.pollutedB.treatedC.testedD.corrupted

8.Comeout,orI'llbustthedoordown.

A.shutB.setC.breakD.beat

9.Sheshedafewtearsatherdaughter'swedding.

A.wipedB.injectedC.producedD.removed

10.Theydidn'tseemtoappreciatethemagniludeof(heproblem.

A.existenceB.importanceC.causeD.situation

11.Thetowerremainsintactevenaftertwohundredyears.

A.unknownB.unusualC.undamagedD.unstable

12.Manyexpertsremainskemicalabouthisclaims.

A.doubtfulB.untouchedC.certainD.silent

13.Theproposalwasendorsedbythemajorityofmembers.

A.rejectedB.submittedC.consideredD.approved

14.Rumorsbegantocirculateabouthisfinancialproblems.

A.sendB.spreadC.hearD.confirm

15.Thepolicewillneedtokeepawaryeyeon(hisareaoftown.

A.nakedB.cautiousC.blindD.private

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16-22題，每題1分，共7分）

NewUnderstandingofNaturalSilk'sMysteries

Naturalsilk,asweallknow,hasastrengththatman-madematerialshavelongstruggledto

match.InadiscoverythatsoundsmorelikeanancientChineseproverbthanamaterialsscience

breakthrough,MITresearchershavediscoveredthatsilkgelsitsstrengthfromitsweakness.Or,

morespecifically,itsmanyweaknesses.Silkgetsitsextraordinarydurabilityandductility(柔韌性)

fromanunusualarrangementofhydrogenbondsthatareintrinsicallyveryweakbutthatwork

togethertocreateastrong,flexiblestructure.

Mostmaterials-especially(heonesweengineerforstrength-gettheirtoughnessfrom

brittleness.Assuch,naturalsilkslikethoseproducedbyspidershavelongfascinatedboth

biologistsandengineersbecauseofiheirlightweight,duciiliiyandhighstrength(poundfor

pound,silkisstrongerthansteelandfarlessbrittle).Butonitsface,itdoesn'tseem(hatsilks

shouldbeasstrongas(heyare;molecularly,theyareheldtogetherbyhydrogenbonds,whichare

farweaker(hanthecovalent(共價的J)bondsfoundinothermolecules.

Togetabetterunderstandingofhowsilkmanagestoproducesuchstrengththroughsuch

weakbonds,theMITteamcreatedasetofcomputermodelsthatallowedthem(oobservetheway

silkbehavesattheatomiclevel.Theyfoundthatthearrangementofthetinysilknanocrystals(納

米晶體)issuchthatthehydrogenbondsareabletoworkcooperatively,reinforcingoneanother

againstexternalforcesandfailingslowlywhentheydofail,soasnotsoallowasuddenfractureto

spreadacrossasilkstructure.

Theresultisnaturalsilksthatcanstretchandbendwhileretainingahighdegreeofstrength.

Butwhilethat'sallwellandgoodforspiders,beesandthelike,thisunderstandingofsilk

geometrycouldleadtonewmaterialsthatarestrongerandmoreductilethanthosewecan

currentlymanufacture.Ourbestandstrongestmaterialsaregenerallyexpensiveanddifficultto

produce(requiringhighteirperaturetreatmentsorenergy-intensiveprocesses).

Bylookingtosilkasamodel,researcherscouldpotentiallydevisenewmanufacturing

methodsthatrelyoninexpensivematerialsandweakbondstocreatelessrigid,moreforgiving

materialsthatarenonethelessstrongerthananythingcurrentlyonotter.Andifyouthoughtyou

weregoingtogetoutofthismaterialssciencestorywithouthearingaboutcarbonnanotubes(納米

碳管)，thinkagain.TheMITteamisalreadyinthelablookingintowaysofsynthesizingsilk-like

structuresoutofmaterialsthatarestrongerthannaturalsilk—likecarbonnanotubes.Super-silks

areonthehorizon.

16.MITresearcherscarryoutthestudytoillustrateanancientChineseproverb.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17.Silk'sstrengthcomesfromitsweakhydrogenbondsworkingtogether.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18.Biologistsandengineersareinterestedinunderstandingnaturalsilksbecausetheyarevery

lightandbrittle.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19.Ifthehydrogenbondsbreakduetoexternalforces,theybreakfast.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20.TheMITteamhadtrieddifferentmaterialsbeforetheystudiesnaturalsilkintheresearch.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21.Carbonnanotubesarecurrentlythemostpopulartopicinmaterialsscience.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22.Itisindicatedthatmaterialsstrongerthannaturalsilkcanbeexpectedinthefuture.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完畢句子（第23-30題，每題I分，共8分）

下.面日勺短文后有2項測試任務(wù)：（1）第23?26題規(guī)定從所給的J6個選項中為指定段落

每段選擇1個最佳標題；（2）第27~30題規(guī)定從所給的6個選項中為每個句子確定一種最

佳選項。

BlackHoles

1.Blackholescanbebestdescribedasasortofvacuum,suckingupeverythinginspace.

Scientistshavediscoveredthatblackholescomefromanexplosionofhugestars.Stars（hatare

neardeathcannolongerburnduetolossoffuel,andbecauseitstemperaturecannolonger

controlthegravitational（重力町force,hydrogenendsupputtingpressureontothestar'ssurface

untilitsuddenlyexplodesthencollapses.

2.Blackholescomefromstarsthatarcmadeofhydrogen,othergasesandafewmetals.

Whentheseexplodeitcanturnintoastellar-mass（恒星質(zhì)量）blackhole,whichcanonlyoccurif

thestarislargeenough（shouldbebiggerthanthesun）fortheexplosiontobreakitintopieces,

andthegravitystartstocompacteverypieceintothetiniestparticle.Trytosecandcompare:ifa

starthat'stentimesthesizeofrhesunendsupbeingablackhole（hat'snolongerthan70

kilometers,thentheEarthwouldbecomeablackholethat'sonlyafractionofaninch!

3.Objectsthatgetsuckedinablackholewillalwaysremainthere,nevertobreakfree.But

rememberthatblackholescanonlygobbleup（召噬）objectswithinaspecificdistancetoit.It's

possibleforalargestarnearthesuntobecomeablackhole,butthesunwillcontinuetostayin

place.Orbitsdonotchangebecausethenewlyformedblackholecontainsexactlythesame

amountofmassaswhenitwasastar,onlythistimeitsmassistotallycontractedthatitcanendup

asnobiggerthanastate.

4.Sofar,astronomershavefiguredoutthatblackholesexistbecauseofAlbertEinstein's

theoryofrelativity.Intheend,throughnumerousstudies,theyhavediscoveredthatblackholes

trulyexist.Sinceblackholestraplightanddonotgiveofflight,itisnearlyimpossibletodetect

blackholesviaatelescope.Butastronomerscontinuetostudygalaxies,spaceandthesolarsystem

tounderstandhowblackholesmightevolve.Itispossiblethatblackholescanexistformillionsof

years,andlatercontributetoabiggerprocessingalaxies,whichcaneventuallyleadtocreationot

newentities.Scientistsalsocreditblackholesashelpfulinlearninghowgalaxiesbegantoform.

A.Isthereproofthatblackholesreallyexist?

23.Paragraph1

B.Whataredifferenttypesofblackholes?

C.Howareblackholesformed?

D.Howwereblackholesnamed?

24.Paragraph2E.Whathappenstotheobjectsaroundablackhole?

F.Whatarcblackholesmadeof?

25.Paragraph3

26.Paragraph4

27.Blackholesareformedafter.

28.Whenalargestarexplodes,thegravitycompactseverypieceinto

29.Anewlyformedblackholeandthestaritcomesfromareof,

30.AlbertEinstein'stheoryofrelativityhelpstoprove.

A.thecreationofnewentities

B.anexplosionofhugestars

C.thetiniestparticle

D.thesameamountofmass

E.theexistenceofblackholes

F.afractionofaninch

第4部分：閱讀理解（第31S5題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題。請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，為每題確定1個最佳選

項。

第一篇ForecastingMethods

Therearcseveraldifferentmethodsthatcanbeusedtocreateaforecast.Themethoda

forecasterchoosesdependsupontheexperienceoftheforecaster,theamountofinformation

availabletotheforecaster,thelevelofdifficultythattheforecastsituationpresents,andthedegree

ofaccuracyorconfidenceneededintheforecast.

Thefirstofthesemethodsisthepersistencemethod;thesimplestwayofproducingaforecast.

Thepersistencemethodassumesthattheconditionsatthetimeoftheforecastwillnotchange.For

example,ifitissunnyand87degreestoday,thepersistencemethodpredictsthatitwillbesunny

and87degreestomorrow.Iftwoinchesofrainfelltoday,thepersistencemethodwouldpredict

twoinchesofrainfortomorrow.However,ifweatherconditionschangesignificantlyfromdayto

day,thepersistencemethodusuallybreaksdownandisnotthebestforecastingmethodtouse.

Thetrendsmethodinvolvesdeterminingthespeedanddirectionofmovcmcniforfronts.high

andlowpressurecenters,andareasofcloudsandprecipitation.Usingthisinformation,the

forecastercanpredictwhereheorsheexpectsthosefeaturestobeatsomefuturetime.For

example,ifastormsystemisl,0()0mileswestofyourlocationandmovingtotheeastat250

milesperday,usingthetrendsmethodyouwouldpredictittoarriveinyourareain4days.The

trendsmethodworkswellwhensystemscontinuetomoveatthesamespeedinthesamedirection

foralongperiodoftime.I:theyslowdown,speedup,changeintensity,orchangedirection,the

trendsforecastwillprobablynotworkaswell.

Theclimatologymethodisanothersimplewayofproducingaforecast.Thismethodinvolves

averagingweatherstatisticsaccumulatedovermanyyears:omaketheforecast.Forexample,if

youwereusingtheclimatologymethodtopredicttheweatherforNewYorkCityonJuly4th,you

wouldgothroughalltheweatherdatathathasbeenrecordedforeveryJuly4thandtakean

average.Theclimatologymethodonlyworkswellwhentheweatherpatternissimilartothat

expectedtorthechosentimeofyear.Itthepatternisquiteunusualforthegiventimeofyear,the

climatologymethodwilloftenfail.

Theanalogmethodisaslightlymorecomplicatedmethodofproducingaforecast.Itinvolves

examiningtoday'sforecastscenarioandrememberingadayinthepastwhentheweatherscenario

lookedverysimilar(ananalog).Theforecasterwouldpredictthattheweatherinthisforecastwill

behavethesameasitdidinthepast.Theanalogmethodisdifficulttousebecauseitisvinually

impossibletofindapredictanalog.Variousweatherfeaturesrarelyalignthemselvesinthesame

locationsastheywereintheprevioustime.Evensmalldifferencesbetweenthecurrenttimeand

theanalogcanleadtoverydifferentresults.

31.WhatofthefollowingfactorsisNOTmentionedinchoosingaforecastingmethod?

A.Necessaryamountofinformation.

B.Degreeofdifficultyinvolvedinforecasting.

C.Practicalknowledgeoftheforecaster.

D.Creativityoftheforecaster.

32.Thepersistencemethodfailstoworkwellwhen

A.itisrainy.

B.itissunny.

C.weatherconditionsstaystable.

D.weatherconditionschangegreatly.

33.Thetrendsmethodworkswellwhen

A.weatherfeaturesareconstantforalongperiodoftime.

B.weatherfeaturesaredefinedwell.

C.predictionsonprecipitationareaccurate.

D.(hespeedanddirectionofmovementarepredicable.

34.Theanalogmethodshouldnoibeusedinmakingaweaiherforecastwhen

A.theanaloglookscomplicated.

B.thecurrentweatherscenarioisdifferentfromtheanalog.

C.theanalogismorethan10yearsold.

D.ihccurrentweatherscenarioisexactlythesameasihcanalog.

35.Historicalweatherdataarenecessaryin

A.(hepersistencemethodand(hetrendsmethod.

B.thetrendsmethodand(heclimatologymethod.

C.theclimatologymethodandtheanalogmethod.

D.Thepersistencemethedandtheanalogmethod.

第二篇StudentsLearnBetterWithTouchscreenDesks

Observethecriticismsofnearlyanymajorpubliceducationsystemintheworld,andafewof

themanycomplaintsarcmoreorlessuniversal.Technologymovesfasterthantheeducation

system.Teachersmustteachatthepaceofthesloweststudentratherthanthefastest.And-

particularlyintheUnitedStates—schoolchildrenasagroupdon,tcaremuchfbr,orexcelat,

mathematics.Soit'shearteningtolearnthatanewkindof“classroomofthefuture''shows

promiseatmitigatingsomeoftheseproblems,startingwiththatfundamentalpieceofclassroom

furniture:thedesk.

AUKstudyinvolvingroughly400students,mostlyaged8-10years,andanewgenerationof

multi-touch,multi-user,computerizeddesktopsurfacesisshowingthatoverthelastthreeyears

thetechnologyhasappreciablyboostedstudents'mathskillscomparedtopeerslearningthesame

materialviatheconventionalpapcr-and-pencilmethod.How?Throughcollaboration,mostly,as

wellasbygivingteachersbettertoolsbywhichtomicromanageindividualstudentswhoneed

someextrainstructionwhileallowingtherestoftheclasstocontinuemovingforward.

Traditionalinstructionstillshowsrespectableefficacy（效力）atincreasingstudentsfluency

inmathematics,essentiallythroughmemorizationandpractice—dull,repetitivepractice.Butthe

researchershaveconcludedthatthesenewtouchscreendesksboostbothfluencyandflexibility-

thecriticalthinkingskillsthatallowstudentstosolvecomplexproblemsnotsimplythrough

knowingformulasanddevices,butbybeingabletofigureoutwhattherealproblemisandthe

mosteffectivemeansofstrippingitdownandsolvingit.

Onereasonforthis,theresearcherssay,isthemulti-touchaspectofthetechnology.Students

workinginthenext-genclassroomcanworktogetheratthesametabletop,eachofthem

contributingandengagingwiththeproblemaspartofagroup.KnownasSynergyNet,the

softwareusescomputervisionsystemsthatseeintheinfrared（紅夕卜的）spectrumtodistinguish

betweendifferenttouchesondifferentpartsofthesurface,allowingstudentstoaccessanduse

toolsonthescreen,moveobjectsandvisualaidsaroundontheirdesktops,andotherwise

physicallyinteractwiththenumbersandinformationontheirscreens.Byusingthesescreens

collaboratively,theresearcherssay,thestudentsaretosomeextentteachingthemselvesasthose

withastrongergrasponditlicultconceptspullotherstudentsforwardalongwiththem.

36.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrueofthepubliceducationsystem?

A.Itdoesnotcatchupwith（hedevelopinentoftechnology.

B.Teacherspaymoreattentiontofastlearnersthanslowlearners.

C.Somesimilarcomplaintsaboutitarcheardindifferentcountries.

D.Manystudentsarenotgoodatlearningmathematics.

37.Whathasbeenfoundafterthenewtechisemployed?

A.Teachersareabletogiveindividualizedattentiontostudentsinneed.

B.Studentsbecomelessactiveinlearningmathematics.

C.Studentsshowpreferencetotheconventionalpaper-and-pencilmethod.

D.Thegapbetweenslowlearnersandfastlearnersgetmcrenoticeable.

38.Whatisthebenefitstudentsgetfromthenewtech?

A.Itmakesthemmorefluentinpublicspeech.

B.Itoffersthemmoreflexibilityinchoosingcourses.

C.Itiseffectiveinhelpingthemsolvephysicalproblems.

D.Itenablesthemtodevelopcriticalthinkingability.

39.Whalhappenswhenstudentsareusingthedesktopofthenewtech?

A.Everystudenthasanindividualtabletop.

B.Studentsusedifferenttoolstointeractwitheachother.

C.Themulti-touchfunctionstimulatesstudents.

D.Thesoftwareinstalledautomaticallyidentifiesdifferemusers.

40.Howdocsthenewtechworktoimprovestudents'mathematicalIciirning?

A.Ithelpsfastlearnerstolearnfaster.

B.Itmakesteachers5instructionunnecessary.

C.Itenablesthemtoworktogether.

D.Itallowsthewholeclasstoleamatthesamepace.

第三篇OntheTrailoftheHoneyBadgers

OnarecentfieldtriptotheKalahariDesert,ateamofresearcherslearntalotmoreabout

honeybadgers（灌）.Theteamemployedalocalwildlifeexpert,KitsoKhama,tohelpthemlocate

andfollowthebadgersacrossthedesert.Theirmainaimwastostudythebadgers5movements

andbehaviourasdiscreetly（謹慎地）aspossible,withoutfrighteningthemawayorcausingthem

tochangetheirnaturalbehaviour.Theyalsoplannedtotrapafewandstudythemcloseupbefore

releasingthem.Inviewoftheanimal'sreputation,thiswassomethingthatevenKhamawas

reluctanttodo.

“Theproblemwithhoneybadgersistheyarcnaturallycuriousanimals,especiallywhenthey

seesomethingnew,"hesays,“that,combinedwiththeirunpredictablenature,canbeadangerous

mixture.Iftheysenseyouhavefood,forexample,theywon'tbeshyaboutcomingrightuptoyou

forsomethingtoeat.They'reactuallyquitesociablecreaturesaroundhumans,butassoonasthey

feeltheymightbeindanger,theycanbecomeextremelyvicious（兇惡日勺）.Fortunatelythisisrare,

butitdoeshappen.”

Theresearchconfirmedmanythingsthatwerealreadyknown.Asexpected,honeybadgers

ateanycreaturestheycouldcatchandkill.Evenpoisonoussnakes,fearedandavoidedbymost

otheranimals,werenotsafefromthem.Theresearchersweresurprised,however,bytheanimaPs

fondnessforlocalmelons,probablybecauseoftheirhighwatercontent.Previouslyresearchers

thoughtthattheanimalgotallofitsliquidrequirementsfromitsprey（獵物）.Theteamalsolearnt

that,contrarytopreviousresearchfindings,thebadgersoccasionallyformedloosefamilygroups.

Theywerealsoabletoconfirmcertainresultsfrompreviousresearch,includingthefatthatfemale

badgersneversocializedwitheachother.

Followingsomeofthemalebadgerswasachallenge,sincetheycancoverlargedistancesin

ashortspaceoftime.Somehuntingterritoriescovermorethan500squarekilometers.Although

theyseemhappytosharetheseterritorieswithothermales,thereareoccasionalfightsoveran

importantfoodsource,andmalebadgerscanbeasaggressivetowardseachotherastheyare

towardsotherspecies.

Asthebadgersbecameaccustomedtothepresenceofpeople,itgavetheteamthechanceto

getupclosetothemwithoutbeingthesubjectoftheanimal'scuriosity—ortheirsudden

aggression.Thebadgers'eatingpatterns,whichhadbeendisrupted,returnedtonormal.Italso

allowedtheteamtoobservemorecloselysomeoftheothercreaturesthatformworking

associationswiththehoneybadger,astheseseemstoadoptthebadgers'relaxedattitudewhen

nearhumans.

41.WhydidthewildlifeexpertsvisittheKalahariDesert?

A.Tofindwherehoneybadgerslive.

B.Toobservehowhoneybadgersbehave.

C.Iocatchsomehoneybadgersforfood.

D.Tofindoutwhyhoneybadgershaveabadreputation.

42.WhatdoesKitsoKhaniasayabouthoneybadgers?

A.Theyshowinterestinthingstheyarenotfamiliarwith.

B.Theyarcalwayslookingforfood.

C.Theydonotenjoyhumancompany.

D.Itiscommonforthemtoattackpeople.

43.Whatdidtheteamfindoutabouthoneybadgers?

A.Thereweresomecrea:urestheydidnoteat.

B.Theywereafraidofpoisonouscreatures.

C.TheymaygetsomeofthewatertheyneededfromfruiL

D.Femalebadgersdidnotmixwithmalebadgers.

44.Whichofthefollowingisatypicalfeatureofmalebadgers?

A.Theydon,trunveryquickly.

B.Theyhuntoveraverylargearea.

C.Theydefendtheirterritoryfromotherbadgers.

D.Theyaremoreaggressivethanfemales

45.Whathappenedwhenhoneybadgersgotusedtohumansaroundthem?

A.Theybecamelessaggressivetowardsothercreatures.

B.Theysiaricdeatingmore.

C.Otheranimalsstartedworkingwiththem.

D.Theylostinterestinpeople.

第5部分：補全短文（第46-50題，每題2分，共10分）

下面的I短文有5處空白，短文后有6個句子，其中5個取自短文，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容將

其分別放回原有位置，以恢復文章面貌。

ToadsareArthriticandinPain

Arthritisisanillnessthatcancausepainandswellinginyourbones.Toads,abigproblemin

thenorthofAustralia,arcsufferingfrompainfularthritisintheirlegsandbackbone,anewstudy

hasshown.Thetoadsthatjumpthefastestaremorelikelytobelargerandtohavelongerlegs.46.

Thelargeyellowtoads,nativetoSouthandCentralAmerica,wereintroducedintothenorth-

easternAustralianstateofQueenslandin193Sinanattempttoslopbeetlesandotherinsectsfrom

destroyingsugarcanecrops.Nowupto200millionofthepoisonoustoadsexistinthecountry,

andtheyarcrapidlyspreadingthroughthestateofNorthernTerritoryatarateofupto60kma

year.I'hctoadscannowbefoundacrossmorethanonemillionsquarekilometers.47.A

Venezuelanpoisonviruswastriedinthe1990sbuthadtobeabandonedafteritwasfoundtoalso

killnativefrogspecies.

ThetoadshaveseverelyaffectedecosystemsinAustralia.Animals,andsometimespets,(hat

catthetoadsdieimmediatelyfromtheirpoison,andthetoadsthemselvescatanythingtheycanfit

insidetheirmouth.48.

Aco-authorofthenewstudy,RickShine,aprofessorattheUniversityofSydney,saysthat

littleattentionhasbeengiventotheproblemsthattoadsface.Rickandhiscolleaguesstudied

nearly5(X)toadsfromQueenslandandtheNorthernTerritoryandfoundthatthoseinthelatter

statewereverydifferent.Theywereactive,sprintingdownroadsandbreedingquickly.

Accordingtotheresu'tsofthestudy,thefastesttoadstravelnearlyonekilometreanight.

49.Butspeedandstrengthcomeataprice—arthritisofthelegsandbackbonedueto

constantpressureplacedonthem.

Inlaboratorytests,theresearchersfoundthatafterabout15minutesofhopping,artliritic

toadswouldtravellessdistancewitheachhop.50.Thesetoadsaresoprogrammedtomove,

apparently,thatevenwheninpainthetoadstravelledasfastandasfarasthehealthyones,

continuingtheirrelentlessmarchacrossthelandscape.

A.Toadsarenotbuiltto5eroadrunners—theyarebuilttositaroundpondsandwetarea.

B.Thetasknowfacingthecountryishowtoremovethetoads.

C.Furthermore,theysoontakeoverthenaturalhabitatsofAustralia'snativespecies.

D.Toadswithlongerlegsmovefasterandtravellongerdistances,whiletheothersarebeing

leftbehind.

E.Butthisadvantagealsohasabigdrawback—upto10%ofthebiggesttoadssufferfrom

arthritis.

F.Butarthritisdidn'tslowdowntoadsoutsidethelaboratory,theresearchersfound.

第6部分：完形填空（第51-65題，每題I分，共15分）

卜面日勺短文有15處空白，請根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容為每處空白確定1個最佳選項。

BetterSolarEnergySystems:MoreHeat,MoreLight

Solarphotovoltaicthermalenergysystems,orPVTs,generatebothheatandelectricity,but

(51)nowtheyhaven'tbeenverygoodattheheat-generatingpartcomparedtoastand-alonesolar

thermalcollector.That'sbecausetheyoperateatlowtemperaturestocoolcrystallinesiliconsolar

cells,_(52)letsthesilicongeneratemoreelectricitybutisn'taveryefficientwaytogatherheat.

That'saproblemofeconomics.Goodsolarhot-watersystemscanharvestmuchmoreenergy

thanasolar-clcctricsystematasubstantiallylower(53).Andit'salsoaspaceproblem:

photovoltaiccellscan

_(54)upallthespaceontheroof,leavinglittleroomforthermalapplications.

Inapairofstudies,JoshuaPearce,anassociateprofessorofmaterialsscienceand

engineering,hasdeviseda_(55)intheformofabetterPVTmadewithadifferentkindofsilicon.

HisresearchcollaboratorsarcKunalGirotrafromThinSiliconinCaliforniaandMichaelPathak

andStephenHarrisonfromQueen'sUniversity,Canada.

Mostsolarpanelsarcmadewithcrysiallincsilicon,butyoucanalsomakesolarcellsouiof

amorphoussilicon,