Unit3Timeschange一、詞匯清單單詞1._________________n.十年；十年期2._________________adj.大名鼎鼎的，傳奇式的3._________________adj.年老的4._________________n.同情5._________________n.一群，一伙6._________________n.領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位7._________________adj.簡陋的8._________________v.競爭9._________________v.強(qiáng)調(diào)10._________________n.新聞工作者；新聞記者11._________________n.時代，年代12._________________n.改進(jìn)；改革13._________________v.鋪（路、地面等）14._________________prep.（與……）一起15._________________n.倡議16._________________adj.堅實的17._________________n.工作，職業(yè)18._________________n.組成部分19._________________n.類別20._________________v.（使）擴(kuò)大；增加21._________________adj.情緒（上）的，情感（上）的22._________________n.手勢，姿勢23._________________adj.臉上的；面部的24._________________n.意圖，目的25._________________/n.改編版26._________________adj.易懂的27._________________n.精神28._________________n.趨勢29._________________v.促進(jìn)；使便利30._________________adj.次要的，第二位的31._________________adv.緊急地；急迫地32._________________adj.有說服力的，使人信服的短語1._________________偶然(或順便)走訪(或訪問)2._________________順便拜訪3._________________向……揮手告別4._________________永久地；一勞永逸地5._________________得力助手6._________________接管；接收7._________________突然出現(xiàn)，突然彈出的東西8._________________以……作答9._________________尋找；搜索10._________________一系列，一串11._________________傳到，蔓延到熟詞生義1.run常見義：v.跑步生義：v._________________2.chain常見義：n.鏈條生義：n._________________3.board常見義：n.木板；董事會生義：n._________________4.screen常見義：n.屏幕（電子設(shè)備）生義：n._________________5.campaign常見義：n.軍事戰(zhàn)役；政治運(yùn)動生義：n._________________6.corporate常見義：adj.公司的生義：adj._________________7.character常見義：n.角色；性格生義：n._________________8.heartandsoul常見義：n.全心全意（抽象概念）生義：n._________________9.pack常見義：v.打包生義：v._________________10.language常見義：n.語言生義：n._________________句型1.makesbdosth“使某人做某事”ItmademerealizethatthebookstoreandallthatOldCaseyhadgiventothemunitycouldsoondisappearforgood.這讓我意識到，書店和凱西給社區(qū)帶來的一切可能很快就會永遠(yuǎn)消失。2.現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語IthasallowedChinatoacplishinjustfourdecadeswhattookWesternindustrialisedcountriesmorethan200yearstoachieve,breakingnewgroundinthehistoryofhumanachievement.它使中國用了僅僅四十年的時間就取得了西方工業(yè)化國家200多年才取得的成績，這在人類成就史上是具有開創(chuàng)性的。3.“疑問詞＋動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)作賓語Perhapspeoplewillonedaychoosetomunicateinpictures,andforgethowtowriteproperly.也許有一天，人們會選擇用圖畫來交流，而忘記如何正確地書寫。語法過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)二、知識點精講知識點1dropin順便造訪，臨時拜訪【教材原句】Thebookstore,whichwasalegendaryfixtureintheneighborhood,wasaplacewhereanyonecoulddropinandconnectthroughtheirloveofbooks.這家書店固定開設(shè)在附近，享有盛名，是一個任何人都可以因為愛看書而順便進(jìn)來并與他人建立良好關(guān)系的地方。(教材P26)【拓展】(1)dropinonsb/atsp順便拜訪某人/某地(2)dropby/over順便拜訪(3)dropoff落下；不知不覺入睡；送下車，送到；減少(4)dropout退學(xué)，輟學(xué)；退出，脫離(5)dropoutof從……中退出(6)dropbehind落后，落伍【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Intheolddaysmanygirlsinthecountrysidehadtodropout_________________school.②Herlongillnesscausedhertodrop_________________therestoftheclass.③IfIdodrop_________________,wakemeassoonasMartinarrives,won'tyou?補(bǔ)全句子④Besides,you'dbetterbringsomelittlegifts,suchasaspecialfoodordrinkfromyourcountry.Ofcourse,ifyou_________________friends,itisnotnecessary.除此之外，你最好帶一些小禮物，例如你家鄉(xiāng)的特產(chǎn)。當(dāng)然，如果你是順路拜訪朋友的話，就沒有什么必要了。知識點2sympathyn.同情；同情心；贊同【教材原句】Itriedtothinkofsomewordsofsympathy,butIhadtoadmitthattheRainbowBookstorecouldn'tstayinbusinessmuchlonger.我想要說些同情的話，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己不得不承認(rèn)彩虹書店的確開不下去了。(教材P26)【拓展】(1)have/feel(no)sympathyforsb(不)同情某人express/offersympathy表達(dá)/表示同情getsympathyfromsb得到某人的同情(2)sympatheticadj.同情的；贊同的be/feelsympatheticto/towards同情……【寫作佳句】Welearnedalessonfromtheexperiencethatkindnessandsympathymadeabigdifferencetoourlife.我們從這次經(jīng)歷中領(lǐng)悟到一個道理：善意與同情能給人生帶來重大改變。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Actually,theyfeltgreatsympathy_________________thevictimsintheaccident.②Myfriendswerevery_________________(sympathy)whenIlostmyjob.③IthoughtI'dgotsomesympathy_________________myparents.[鏈接寫作]翻譯句子④我對考試作弊被抓的學(xué)生完全不同情。____________________________________________________________________知識點3takeover奪取，占據(jù)；接替；接管【教材原句】ThecampaignhadbeenledbyJenniferOakley,asaleswomanwhohadgrownupintheneighborhoodandwhohadnowtakenoverthebookstorefromCasey.這次活動由珍妮弗·奧克利領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，她是一位售貨員，從小在社區(qū)長大，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)從凱西手中接手了書店。(教材P27)【拓展】(1)takeaway拿走；奪走(2)takedown寫下，記下；拆卸(3)takein吸收；理解；欺騙；收容(4)takeoff起飛；匆匆離去；脫下；大獲成功(5)takeon接納；雇用；呈現(xiàn)；承擔(dān)(6)takeup拿起；接受；占據(jù)；開始從事；繼續(xù)(7)take...forgranted認(rèn)為……是理所當(dāng)然的【寫作佳句】Finally,myconsciousnesstookover.最終，我的意識恢復(fù)了清醒。【經(jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Youhavetolearntotake_________________thekeypointseventhoughyoudon'ttakethemin.②WhenMrGreenretired,hissontook_________________thebusinessfromhim.③Smartphonesnotonlytake_________________ourvaluabletime,butalsodogreatharmtoourhealth.④Don'tbetaken_________________byproductspromisingtomakeyouloseweightquickly.⑤Inthepastfewyears,thevillagehastaken_________________anewlook.補(bǔ)全句子⑥Whenavolunteerwasill,__________________________________.ThoseAmericanstudentsthoughthighlyofme.當(dāng)一個志愿者生病時，我接替了她的工作。那些美國學(xué)生對我評價很高。知識點4popup突然出現(xiàn)，冒出來(尤指出乎意料)【教材原句】IjoinedCasey，whowaslookingupatthescreenonwhichreaders'mentskeptpoppingup.在書店里我與凱西相見，他在看著屏幕上不斷出現(xiàn)的讀者評論。(教材P27)【拓展】(1)popin/along順便經(jīng)過，順道來訪(2)popoff(突然)死去；(急忙)離去(3)popout突然出現(xiàn)【寫作佳句】Aboutthirtyminuteslater,themessagepoppeduponmyphone.大約半小時后，這條消息突然出現(xiàn)在我手機(jī)上?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Themoderatorseemstopop_________________inthemostunlikelyplaces，whichoftensurprisestheaudience.②Sincewehavefriendsinairline,weoftenpop_________________forcoffeewhenwestopattheairport.③I’monlysixty,youknow—I'mnotgoingtopop_________________yet!補(bǔ)全句子④Theboarder'seyesnearly_________________hisheadimmediatelyhesawwhathehadwon.這個寄宿生一看到自己贏得的東西，頓時兩眼瞪得大大的。知識點5petev.比賽；競爭【教材原句】Traditionalbookstorescan’tpetewithlargebookstorechains.傳統(tǒng)書店無法與大型連鎖書店競爭。(教材P28)【拓展】(1)in...tein...參加……(比賽/競爭)for...efor...為……而競爭petewith/againstsb與某人競爭(2)petitionn.比賽；競爭with...etitionwith...與……進(jìn)行競爭(3)petitiveadj.競爭的；有競爭力的petitorn.競爭者；對手【寫作佳句】Thepetitorsfromdifferentclassespetedwitheachother.來自不同班級的選手們互相角逐?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Onlyqualifiedorinvited_________________can_________________inthefinal_________________inShanghai.(pete)②Noonecanentirelykeepawayfromthe_________________(pete)world.③Lifeislikealongrace_________________whichwepete_________________otherstogobeyondourselves.翻譯句子④我們將和其他排球隊在比賽中競爭冠軍。_____________________________________________________________________________________知識點6searchfor尋找，搜尋【教材原句】Insteadofreplyingwithasimple“OK,don’trush”,Isearchedforemojisonmyphonethatwouldexpressthesamemessage:我沒有簡單地回復(fù)“好的，不急”，而是在手機(jī)上找起能表達(dá)同樣意思的表情包：(教材P32)【拓展】(1)inone'ssearchfor尋找insearchof尋找；搜尋；尋求(2)searchsth/sb搜查某物/搜身search...for...為找到……而搜查……searchfor尋找；搜索【寫作佳句】AsfarasIamconcerned,searchingforandlearningpreviousspeechesbyexcellentcontestantsareofgreatimportance.在我看來，搜尋并學(xué)習(xí)優(yōu)秀選手的往屆演講至關(guān)重要?！窘?jīng)典練】對比填空(searchfor/insearchof/search)①Firstly,theyspentmoretime_________________food.②I_________________theroomforthelostkey,butinvain.③Janethoughtanddecidedto_________________somefood.[鏈接寫作]一句多譯每年有許多受過良的年輕人去海南島找工作。④___________________________________________________(searchn．)⑤___________________________________________________(searchv．)知識點7expandv．(使)擴(kuò)大；增加【教材原句】Nowtherearemorethan3,000emojisthatexpanduponthewayinwhichwemunicate.如今，已有3000多個表情符號拓展了我們的交流方式。(教材P33)【拓展】(1)expandinto發(fā)展成；擴(kuò)展到expandon/upon詳細(xì)闡述；詳述expandone'sknowledge/horizons拓展知識/開闊視野(2)expansionn.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)張；擴(kuò)展【寫作佳句】Forexample,readavarietyofbooks,andconstantlyexpandyourreadinginordertomakeupforthelackofreading.例如，廣泛閱讀各類書籍，并持續(xù)拓展閱讀量以彌補(bǔ)閱讀不足?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空①Whenyouheatametal,it_________________(expand)．②Idon'tquiteunderstandyourexplanation.Canyouexpand_________________it?[鏈接寫作]翻譯句子③我們上周五參加了一個志愿者活動，該活動開闊了我們的視野。_____________________________________________________________________________________知識點8convincingadj.有說服力的，使人信服的【教材原句】Whatsupportingargumentsdoestheauthorgivetomakethepointconvincing?作者提出了哪些支持性論據(jù)來增強(qiáng)其觀點的說服力？(教材P35)【拓展】(1)convincev.使信服；使相信convincesbtodosth說服某人做某事convincesbofsth使某人相信某事(2)convincedadj.確信的；深信的that...incedthat...相信……makesbconvincedofsth使某人相信某事【寫作佳句】Thiseventturnedoutagreatsuccess,convincingusthatit'sourdutytoaimhighwhiledoingsolidwork.此次活動取得了圓滿成功，讓我們深刻認(rèn)識到：既要志存高遠(yuǎn)，又要腳踏實地，這是我們應(yīng)盡的職責(zé)?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空/補(bǔ)全句子①Hedidn'tlook_________________(convince),becauseherideawasnotvery_________________(convince).Butshefinallyconvincedhim_________________(change)hismind.②Imanagedtomakehim_________________(convince)ofmyabilitytodothejob.③_________________(我確信)youradvicewillcontributetoourgoodperformance,soIsincerelyhopeyoucanhelpus.句式升級④____________________________________________________________________[用分詞作狀語升級句③]三、句式清單句式1theday引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句【教材原句】ThedayIheardthattheRainbowBookstorewasclosingafter50yearsofbusiness，Iwasheartbroken.聽說經(jīng)營了50年的彩虹書店要停業(yè)的那天，我的心都要碎了。(教材P26)句式分析：句中ThedayIheardthattheRainbowBookstorewasclosingafter50yearsofbusiness為theday引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。時間名詞morning，afternoon，evening，day，night，week，month，year與定冠詞the連用可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句?！就卣埂繒r間狀語從句的用法：(1)when可以和延續(xù)性動詞連用，也可以和短暫性動詞連用，主句和從句中的動作或狀態(tài)可以同時發(fā)生，也可以先后發(fā)生。while引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。as引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，常表示兩個動作交替進(jìn)行或同時發(fā)生，可譯作“一邊……一邊……；隨著”。(2)表示“一……就……”的常見表達(dá)形式還有：themoment，theminute，theinstant，thesecond，instantly，immediately，directly，sooner...thansooner...than，hardly...when等。(3)since(自從……)，until/till(直到……)，before(在……之前)，after(在……之后)，bythetime(到……的時候)等都可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(4)由time構(gòu)成的名詞詞組：thefirst/lasttime，each/everytime，nexttime，anytime等?！窘?jīng)典練】補(bǔ)全句子①__________________________________,hisfatherwasalreadydead.他回家的那一天，他父親已經(jīng)死了。②__________________________________,hewasatthepeakofhiscareer.遇車禍身亡的那一年，他正處于職業(yè)生涯的頂峰。句式2現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語【教材原句】Sighingdeeply,hetoldmehowitwasbeingdifficulttorunanindependentbookstore.他深深地嘆了口氣，告訴我經(jīng)營一家獨立書店變得有多困難。(教材P26)句式分析：句中Sighingdeeply是現(xiàn)在分詞短語在句中作狀語，表示伴隨情況。【拓展】現(xiàn)在分詞在句中還可作原因、目的、條件、方式、結(jié)果狀語。(1)時間性，與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，用一般式，如發(fā)生在謂語動作之前時則用完成式havingdone。(2)語態(tài)性，與句子主語之間是主謂關(guān)系。(3)人稱一致性，分詞的邏輯主語就是句子的主語?！窘?jīng)典練】完成句子①Theoldmanwassittinginthechair,__________________________________.這位老人正坐在椅子上，聽著經(jīng)典而又難忘的爵士樂。②ShetravelledwidelythroughoutNorthAmerica,__________________________________.她在北美就婦女權(quán)利問題作巡回演講。四、語法清單過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)【感知·語法規(guī)律】1．WhenIhurriedtothestore,Isawthatthebookswerealreadybeingpackedintoboxes.當(dāng)我趕到書店時，看見書籍已經(jīng)正在被打包裝箱。2．Theplanwasnotbeingdiscussedwhenyouenteredtheroom.你進(jìn)房間時，（大家）并未在討論該計劃。3．Wasthehouseyouboughtbeingdecoratedlastweek?你買的房子上周在裝修嗎？4．Whatwasbeingdonetothemachine?這臺機(jī)器當(dāng)時在接受什么處理？【精講·語法知識】過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)表示在過去某個時刻正在進(jìn)行或者發(fā)生的被動動作。一、構(gòu)成1．肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋was/were＋being＋doneputerwasbeingmajoredbyhimduringhiscollege.他那時正在大學(xué)學(xué)計算機(jī)專業(yè)。2．否定結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋was/were＋not＋being＋doneAnotherbridgewasn’tbeingbuiltovertheYangtzeRiverthen.那時長江上并沒有建造另一座大橋。3.疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Was/Were＋主語＋beingdone...？特殊疑問詞＋was/were＋主語＋beingdone？Wasanewlibrarybeingputupintheirschooljustthen?他們學(xué)校當(dāng)時正在建一座新圖書館嗎？昨天12：00前這項任務(wù)完成了嗎？Whatmeasureswerebeingtakenwhentheaccidenthappened?事故發(fā)生時正在采取什么措施？二、基本用法1.表示過去在某一時間段或某一段時間內(nèi)正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的被動動作。常與表示過去的時間狀語連用，如：lastnight，lastSaturday，yesterday等；或者與when，while，as引導(dǎo)的過去時間狀語連用。Thisfilmwasbeingshownatthistimelastnight.昨晚這個時候這部電影正在放映。HetoldmethatanewstationwasbeingbuiltlastSaturday.他說上周六正在修建一個新車站。2.過去進(jìn)行時可以表示在過去某個時間點發(fā)生的被動動作。時間點可以用介詞短語、副詞或從句來表示。Themanwasbeingoperatedonateighto'clocklastnight.昨晚八點那個人正在動手術(shù)。3.與always，constantly等表示頻率的副詞連用，表示被動的動作和某種感情色彩。Hewasfiredbecausemistakeswerealwaysbeingmade.他因為老在工作中犯錯誤而被解雇。Shewasalwaysbeingpraisedforhelpingtheelderly.她總是因幫助老人而受到表揚(yáng)。4.表示為過去的將來計劃或安排好的活動，這類用法在沒有明確上下文的情況下，通常會連用一個表示將來時間的狀語。HesaidthattheweddingceremonywasbeingheldnextDecember.他說婚禮將于明年12月舉行?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換①Weleftwithadeepsenseofunease，becauseweknewsomething________________(hid)fromus.②Thepark________________(repair)thistimelastmonth.Nowwecancrossit.③Thecampus________________(clean)fromMondaytoFridaylastweekbyus.④Theflowers________________(water)bythemnow.⑤Hewasteachinghisdogatrickthen.(改為被動語態(tài))→

________________________________________________.⑥Thearticlewasbeingwrittenbythelittlegirl.(改為否定句)→________________________________________________.⑦Thesongswerebeingpractisedthosedays.(改為一般疑問句)→________________________________________________?⑧TheadvantagesanddisadvantagesofthismachinewerebeingdiscussedwhenIwentintothemeetingroom.(對畫線部分提問)→________________________________?Astheassignment________________，hewentontosearchtheInternet.三、過去進(jìn)行時的被動語態(tài)與一般過去時的被動語態(tài)的區(qū)別1.都強(qiáng)調(diào)過去發(fā)生的事，但是過去進(jìn)行時強(qiáng)調(diào)過程，不一定完成；一般過去時強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果，已經(jīng)完成。AletterwaswrittentoherfriendwhenIenteredtheroomlastnight.昨晚我進(jìn)入房間時，她給朋友寫了封信。(信寫完了)AletterwasbeingwrittentoherfriendwhenIenteredtheroomlastnight.昨晚我進(jìn)入房間時，她正在給朋友寫信。(信未寫完)2.一般過去時表示只做一次動作，而過去進(jìn)行時卻表示動作反復(fù)進(jìn)行。(短暫性動詞)Shewavedtome.她朝我揮了揮手。ItwasquiteclearthePresidentwasbeinggivenfalseinformationbythosearoundhim.很明顯，總統(tǒng)身邊的人在不斷向他傳遞錯誤信息?！窘?jīng)典練】單句語法填空/完成句子/1①Thebaby________________(正被照顧)byhisgrandmotherwhenitsmotherwasaway.②Muchprogress________________(正被取得)inChinawiththehelpofthepeople'shardworkinthelastcentury.③Theprofessortoldusthatmorenewtechnologies

________________(正被應(yīng)用于)inthefieldofIT.④Wedon'tknowwhat________________(正被爭論)，butwethoughtnoagreementwouldbearrivedat.⑤He________________(正在接受詢問)byapolicemanwhenIarrived.⑥Theshopassistantwasdismissedasshe________________(accuse)ofcheatingcustomers.⑦Thenewsaboutelection________________(broadcast)whenIturnedontheradio.⑧Tom'shouse

________________(paint)whenwepaidavisittohimlastweek.⑨Theownerclaimedtheboat________________(use)withoutherknowledge.⑩Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool________________(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.三、寫作清單【點撥·寫作技巧】關(guān)于發(fā)展變化的文章，其體裁可以是記敘文、議論文或說明文。如果是記敘文，要交代清楚時間、地點、人物、過程和結(jié)局；如果是議論文，觀點要明確，要分層次給出有力的論據(jù)；如果是說明文，要把現(xiàn)象的特征以及因果關(guān)系等描述清楚。具體寫作步驟歸納如下：【積累·寫作素材】1.常用短語1.withthedevelopmentoftechnology隨著科技的發(fā)展2.greatchangeshavetakenplace發(fā)生了巨大變化3.duringthelastfewyears在過去的幾年里4.doharmtoenvironment對環(huán)境有害5.attractmoretravellers吸引更多的游客6.takeonanewlook呈現(xiàn)新面貌7.becoveredwithgreentrees被綠樹覆蓋8.tosomeextent在某種程度上2.常用語句★精彩開頭（1）Idothinkletterswilldisappearinourlife.我堅信信件會在我們的生活中消失。（2）Thecashlesssocietyisingascashandbank-noteswillnotbeinuseanymorealmostpletely.隨著現(xiàn)金和紙幣將幾乎完全不再使用，無現(xiàn)金社會到來了?！镓S滿主體（3）Withoutdoubt，artificialintelligencewilltaketheplaceofmanyjobs，whichmakesmanyprofessionsatriskofdisappearance.毫無疑問，人工智能將取代許多工作，這使得許多職業(yè)面臨消失的危險。（4）That'swhymanymanagersexpectachangefromfull-timeworktoflexibleemploymentwithafocusonproductivity.這就是為什么許多管理者期望從全職工作轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樽⒅厣a(chǎn)率的靈活就業(yè)。（5）Foronething，productivityhasbeengreatlyincreasedbyusingrobots，whichinturnhelpspromotethepopularityofrobots.一方面，通過使用機(jī)器人生產(chǎn)效率得到了提高，這反過來又幫助促進(jìn)了機(jī)器人的流行。（6）Greatadvancesinscienceandtechnologymakeitpossibleforpeopletoabandontheuseoftraditionalletters.科學(xué)技術(shù)的巨大進(jìn)步使人們有可能放棄使用傳統(tǒng)的書信。（7）Thereasonwhysomedeadlydiseaseswillnolongerexististhatgenetechnologymakesitpossibleforpeoplewithgeneticdiseasestogivebirthtohealthybabies.一些致命疾病將不再存在的原因是基因技術(shù)使患有基因疾病的人有可能生下健康的嬰兒?！镉辔督Y(jié)尾（8）AsfarasIamconcerned，ifthenewspaperbeeslessandlessattractive，itwon'tappealtomorereaders.就我而言，如果報紙越來越不吸引人，就不會吸引更多的讀者。（9）Inoneword，letterwritingwillfadeoutoneday.總之，書信將在未來某一天消失。（10）Therefore，cheapputers，faxesandphonecallswillmakemutingtoworkathingofthepast.因此，廉價的電腦、傳真和電話通信將使每天坐車上下班成為歷史?！臼纠し植綄懽鳌考偃缒闶抢钊A?，F(xiàn)在你校舉辦一次英文演講比賽，主題是關(guān)于你所在城市的變化。請根據(jù)以下要點，寫一篇演講稿。內(nèi)容要點:1、城市變化的簡介；2、個人的感想。注意:1、詞數(shù)80100左右；2、可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3、開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。ThechangesofmycityLadiesandgentlemen,