答案第=page11頁，共=sectionpages22頁云南省昭通市第一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期開學(xué)考試英語試題一、閱讀理解Someofthebestcyclingroutesintheworldpassthroughitsmostbeautifulscenery.Herearesomeofworld’sbestbikeroutesforcyclistswhoeitherareupforbreakingagoodsweatorsimplyseeingtheworldwithoutleavinganuglycarbonfootprintbehind.TheGreatWindyRoad,Victoria,AustraliaIfyoulikeachallenge,takeonthis243-kilometerwindyroadalongAustralia’ssouth-easterncoast.Ifadayisallyou’vegot,takethe60-kilometerroutefromTorquaytoBellsBeach.Thereyou’llcyclethroughruralfarmland,enjoythesweepingoceanviewsfromclifftops,andsnakepastthewetlandsaroundLakeConnewarre.UdaipurCityTour,Rajasthan,IndiaBikingisarguablythebestwaytoexploreUdaipur,VeniceoftheEast.Cyclistsoftenneedtocyclepastherdsmenandtheirgoatsandcamels,sharingnarrow,oldpavementsinthisromanticplace.Butsurroundedbyancientcastles,templesandgrandpalaces,Udaipurbringsaboutoneofthebestbikingexperiences,allowingcycliststotrulydiscoverruralIndia.TheKarakoramHighway,China-PakistanTheKarakoramHighwayisthehighestinternationalroadintheworld,reachinganaltitudeof4,700metersattheKhunjerabPass.StartinginKashgar,China,cyclistscantravelupto1,200kilometersonmostlyunpavedroads,buttheviewsareasbreathtakingastheriding.RouteoftheHiawatha,Idaho-Montana,UnitedStatesTakeyourfamilyouttoMontanathissummerandcyclealongthemostscenicdisusedrailroadinthecountry.Therailroadturnedbiketrailturnsinto24kilometersofleisurebikingthattakesyouoverseventrestles(高架橋)andthrough10tunnels,withthelongestone,theTaftTunnel,stretchingfor2.7kilometers.1．Inwhichtourcanyouenjoytheseasidescenery?A．TheGreatWindyRoad. B．UdaiprCityTour.C．TheKarakoramHighway. D．RouteoftheHiawatha.2．WhatcanyoudoontheUdaipurcitytour?A．GotoVenice. B．Feedwildanimals.C．Visitculturalrelics. D．Enjoymodernarchitectures.3．What’sspecialabouttheKarakoramHighway?A．Itisatotallyundevelopedroute. B．Itgoesalonganabandonedrailway.C．Itownsthelongesttunnelintheworld. D．Itlieshigherthanotherinternationalroads.Whatwereyoudoingwhenyouwerenineyearsold?MakingcraftsfromaKlutzbook?Kickingaroundasoccerball?Designingabusinessplantodealwithplasticpollutionandrelievechildhoodpoverty?ZymalUmarshowedusthelatter.ThePakistan’syoungestbusinesswomanhasstartedaprojectentitledZeeBags,whichaimstoreduceplasticpollutionbyprovidinganenvironmentally-friendlyalternativetoplasticgrocerybags.WhenZymalwasonashoppingtripwithherparentsthreeyearsago,shewasshockedbythenumberofplasticbagsonthestreets.Depressedbytheplasticpollution,shewasremindedofthesevereconsequencesourhabitshaveontheenvironment.Then,shenoticedashopkeeperhandingoutnewspaperbags.Andatthatmoment,Zymalknewshehadtoact.Sincethenshehascreatedbeautiful,uniquereusablenewspaperbagsforhundredsofcustomers.It’samazingtoseethisyoungsterusingherbrainsandbusinessskillsforgood.Andsheshouldcertainlyfeelproudoftheworksheisdoing.Afterall,plasticgrocerybagsarekillingthousandsofmarineanimalseveryyearthroughtheircontributiontoplasticwaste.AccordingtoTheEarthInstitute,overonetrillionplasticbagsareusedworldwideannually—that’sabouttwomillionbagsusedperminutearoundtheworld.Andthosebagscertainlydon’tdisappearintothinair.Instead,theyendupinouroceans,puttingapproximately700marinespeciesindangerofextinctionduetothethreatfrompollution.Andplasticbagsarejustoneofthemanyformsofplastictrashthatendsupintheoceans—infact,anastonishing8.8milliontonsofthismaterialmaketheirwayfromlandtotheoceanseverysingleyear.ButwithZeeBags,we’reallempoweredtomakemorethoughtfulchoicesaboutourtrashproduction.AndZymal’samazingnessdoesn’tstopthere—theprofitsfromhersalesgotowardshelpingpoorchildren.4．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．HowZymalfeltabouthershoppingtrip.B．HowZymallearnedaboutplasticpollution.C．HowZymalwasreceivedbytheshopkeeper.D．HowZymalwasinspiredtocreateherbags.5．Whyarefiguresmentionedinthethirdandfourthparagraphs?A．TopraiseZymalforhergreatefforts.B．Tourgereaderstostopusingplastics.C．Tostresstheseriousnessofplasticpollution.D．Toshowtherichknowledgeoftheauthor.6．WhatcanweinferaboutZymalfromthelastparagraph?A．Sheisamazingineveryaspectofherlife.B．Shehasconcernforthedisadvantaged.C．Sheurgeseveryonetobeeco-friendly.D．Sheearnsalotofmoneyfromherbusiness.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesZymal?A．Caring. B．Determined.C．Confident. D．Optimistic.Inouryouth-obsessedculture,onewouldassumethatyourself-esteempeaksinyour20s—butthat’snotthecase.ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBernsetouttodeterminewhentheaverageperson’sself-esteemisthehighest,andthegoodnewsisthatyourpeakcomesdecadeslater.Researchersfoundthatself-esteemincreasesthroughoutone’slifetime,withaslightplateauduringthoseawkwardteenyears.Ourself-esteemlevelsthenstartrisingagainanddon’tpeakuntilwellintomidlife.Thehighestpointforself-esteemlevelhappenatage60whentheycanretireandstaythereuntilaslightdeclineinone’s70sand80s.Thisnewsthatourself-esteemwillcontinuetoriseorstaysteadyduringthemajorityofourlivesisexciting.Weoftenhearofincreasedstressinthedecadesofmidlife,butthereareupsidestoo.“Midlifeis,formanyadults,atimeofhighstabilityinrelationshipsandwork.Moreover,mostpeoplefurtherinvestintheirroles,whichmightpromotetheirself-esteem,”researcherDr.Orthtoldthejournalist.“Forexample,peopletakeonmanagerialrolesatwork,maintainasatisfyingrelationshipwiththeirspouseorpartner,andhelptheirchildrenbecomeresponsibleandindependent.”Asweageandourrolestendtochange,it’snaturalforself-esteemtotakeasmallhit.“Oldagefrequentlyinvolveslossofsocialrolesasaresultofretirement,theemptynest,and,possibly,widowhood.Inaddition,agingoftenleadstonegativechangesinotherpossiblesourcesofself-esteem,suchassocioeconomicstatusandhealth.”Dr.Orthsaid.However,it’simportanttorememberthatit’sonlyaslightdecrease.Dr.Orthbelievesthatmostpeoplemaintainahighself-esteemlevelevenintotheir90sandbeyond.8．Whichofthefollowingistheclosestinmeaningto“peak”?A．Minimum. B．Maximum.C．Average. D．Height.9．Whoismorelikelytohavethehighestself-esteemlevel?A．Anewly-retiredperson. B．Ateenageboy.C．Apersoninhis/her80s. D．Amiddle-agedperson.10．WhatdoesDr.Orththinkofthedecreaseinself-esteemfortheoldpeople?A．Itisdestructive. B．Itisunnatural.C．Itisimportant. D．Itisacceptable.11．Whereisthetextmostlikelyfrom?A．Aguide. B．Afiction.C．Atextbook. D．Amagazine.Therapidgrowthinskyscrapersworldwidehasledtoahighdemandforwindowwasherssincemostofthesebuildingsfeaturelargeglasspanes(窗格)tohighlighttheirbreathtakingviews.Thoughthejoboffersahandsomesalary,danglingalongsidemulti-storystructuresisdangerous,andaccidentsarenotuncommon.However,ifIsrael-basedcompanySkylineTechnologieshasitsway,thedangerouschoremaysoonbetakencareofbyOzmo,anintelligentwindowcleaningrobot."Asasociety,we'vebecometoocomfortablewatchingpeoplehangingoffthesidesof30-storybuildings,"saysYaronSchwarez,co-founderandCEOofSkylineRobotics."Nosalarycouldjustifyallowingpeopletoputtheirlivesinthehandsofasystemofropes."Muchlikehumans,Ozmoisplacedonplatformssuspendedfromthebuildingsandusesitsarmsandbrushestocleanthedirtontheglasspanes.A3Dmapofthebuilding'ssurfaceprogrammedintoitssystemallowstherobottoskillfullyhandleobstaclesasitmovesupanddownthestructure.Computervisionandtouchsensorsenableittomoveoutofthewayincaseofunexpectedevents,suchasthesuddenopeningofawindow.Unlikecurrentwindowwashers,therobotcleanerdoesnotrequiresoaptocleantheglass.Instead,itusesdistilledwater(蒸餾水)andaprocesscalleddirtabsorptiontodothejob.Schwarezexplains,"Weusepurewatertoabsorbandremovethesalts,theminerals,theoils,andthedirtfromthebuilding.Weareenvironmentally-friendly."Ozmoisalsoexpectedtobemuchmoreefficientthanhumans.Whileitcurrentlytakesthreecleaners480hourseachtocleanthewindowsofa40-storyglassbuilding,therobotwillsingle-handedlycompletethetaskinjust80hours.However,unlikeotherrobots,Ozmowillnotreplacehumanworkers.Itwillonlymaketheirjobssaferbyliftingthemtotheroleofsupervisors,whowillberemotelycontrollingtheoperationfrombelow.WhetherOzmo,whichisstillundergoingtesting,doesasgoodajobashumanremainstobeseen.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase"hasitsway"inparagraph2?A．Succeeds. B．Hesitates.C．Struggles. D．Exists.13．WhatcanwelearnaboutOzmofromthepassage?A．Itrequireschemicalstoclean.B．Ithastroublecrossingobstacles.C．Itoperateswithgreatefficiency.D．Itworkswithouthumanhelpers.14．Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthefutureapplicationofOzmo?A．Optimistic.B．DoubtfulC．Unconceded.D．Objective.15．Whatisthebesttileforthetext?A．Ozmo:aDouble-edgedSword.B．Ozmo:aSmartWindowCleaner.C．WindowWashing:aDangerousJob.D．WindowWashing:aBlessinginDisguise.二、七選五Doyouoftengooutforshopping?Howtoavoidgermswhenshoppinginthegrocerystore?____16____.Firstly,gotothegrocerystorebrightandearlywhenthey’rejustopening.Thismightbeyourbestoption.Byavoidinglargegroupsofpeople,____17____,asthevirusismainlyspreadthroughclosecontactwithotherpeople.Oneoftheeasiestwaystospreadthevirusisbytouchingacontaminatedsurfaceandthentouchingyourface,eyes,nose,ormouth.____18____.Thisisalotharderthanitsounds,becausepeopletouchtheirfacesmorethan20timesinasinglehour.Whileamaskcanhelppreventyoufromtouchingyourmouthandnose,itisstronglyrecommendedtowearone.____19____.Thismaybeassimpleasavoidingacrowdedaisleandcirclingbackafewminuteslater.Sinceothershoppersmightnotbeasmindfulasyouareaboutmaintainingsocialdistance,bepoliteinyourrequestthattheykeeptheirdistancewithapolite“excuseme.”Justasyou’rebeingthoughtfulaboutyourownhealth,bethoughtfulaboutthehealthofothers,suggestsDr.Larkin.“____20____,seeifyoucanshopforthemorteachthemtouseanonlineanddeliveryoption,”shesays.“Bepatientandkindwithoneanother,especiallytheworkerskeepingthestoresopenandfunctioning—andofcourse,ifyouareill,pleasestayhomeanddon’texposeothers.”A．youdecreaseyourriskofbecominginfectedB．IfyouhaveanelderlyneighborwhoneedshelpC．youhadbetterstayathomeinsteadofgoingoutD．Asaresult,avoidtouchingyourfacewhileshoppingE．Asaresult,youshouldwearamaskwhenyougoshoppingF．Moreover,trytomaintainasafe,six-footdistancefromothershoppersG．Beforeyouheadouttoone,youneedsomeguidelinestoensureyoursafety三、完形填空Oneday,Iwaseatinganapplewhensuddenly,Ifeltanappleseedinmymouth.Iwantedtothrowitaway.But____21____,Ilookedattheappleseed-reallylooked.Itwasdarkbrown,almostblack.Itsshape____22____meofacandleflame.Alittledarkbrowncandleflame...IrealizedIwas____23____anappletreeinmyhand-alittleseedwiththe____24____tobecomeabeautifultreeand____25____thousandsoffruitsandseeds,eachabletogrowanewtreeagain.____26____then,wasn'ttheworldfilledwithappletrees?Itisa（n）____27____ofnaturethatonlyafewoftheseseedsgrow.Most____28____dooraredestroyedearlyonintheirgrowth.Iputtheappleseedonthetableandbentdownto____29____howthelightwasreflectedfromit,thistinywonderofnature.Iwondered,howmanyseedswouldafarmerhaveto______30______foroneseedtogrowintoatree?Howmuch______31______woulditrequire?Thenitoccurredtomethatit'squiteoftensowithpeople's______32______.Wonderfulideascometoourmindsbutthey______33______toosoon.Wedon'tprotectthemasweshould.Andthenonedaywe______34______whyourdreamsnevercometrue.Theseedsofourdreamscouldnever______35______ontheirown.Liketheplantingofanappletree,itmighttakemany______36______-suchastheapplicationsentahundredtimesforthatonegoodjob,______37______themanypeopleyoumeetinlifebeforeatruefriendcanbe______38______.Ipickeduptheappleseedagain-butinsteadof______39______itaway1tookanemptyflowerpot,pouredsomeearthintoitand______40______theseed.Ithoughtthatmaybeonedayitwouldgrowintoaproudtree,andIwouldneverknowifIdidn'ttry.21．A．still B．instead C．a(chǎn)lso D．rather22．A．warned B．convinced C．reminded D．informed23．A．catching B．expecting C．imagining. D．holding24．A．potential B．courage C．intention D．patience25．A．raise B．bear C．gain D．eat26．A．When B．How C．What D．Why27．A．rule B．step C．order D．game28．A．nearly B．just C．never D．a(chǎn)lways29．A．prove B．see C．show D．guess30．A．bury B．collect C．produce D．save31．A．money B．earth C．work D．water32．A．conditions B．dreams C．chances D．faiths33．A．increase B．change C．die D．a(chǎn)ppear34．A．explain B．doubt C．decide D．wonder35．A．grow B．develop C．live D．destroy36．A．choices B．goals C．tries D．challenges37．A．or B．yet C．So D．a(chǎn)s38．A．kept B．helped C．noticed D．found39．A．putting B．throwing C．taking D．giving40．A．used B．removed C．studied D．planted四、用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成短文閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Youmaythinkyoucannotlivethroughsummerwithoutairconditioners.ButinancientChina,handfanswerealmosttheonlyhelpforpeople

___41___(drive)theheataway.Chinesepeoplestartedtousehandfansover2,000yearsago.Thefanscame

___42___differentshapes,suchasroundandsquareandtheyweremadefromvariousmaterials.Palmleaffanswerecheapandeasytomake.Featherfansshowedtheowner’shighstatus.Sandalwoodfans___43___(send)outafragrantsmell.___44___(late),handfansbecamemorethansomething___45___couldcoolyoudown.Theydevelopedintoartworks,inwhichtuanshanandzheshanwerethemostcommon.Shapedlike___46___fullmoon,tuanshanwasusuallymadeofsilk.Theyhadbeautifulembroidery(刺繡)featuringbirdsandflowersonthem.Females,especially___47___(woman)intheroyalpalace,likedtousethem.PoetsinancientChinaoftencomparedawoman’sabandonedfatetotuanshan.ApoetwroteduringtheQingDynasty,“Ifonlylifewereas___48___(beauty)aswhenwefirstmet,whyshouldtheautumnwindbothertopitydesertedpaintedfans?”Meanwhile,men,especiallytheliterati(文人),usedzheshan.Theliteratilikedthembecausetheycouldpaintandwritepoemsonthem.___49___wasawayforthemtoshowofftheirtalentinliterature,paintingandcalligraphy.Almostanythingcould____50____

(paint)onzheshan,butthemostpopularonesusuallyfeaturedlandscapes.五、短文改錯(cuò)51．假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫的以下作文。文中共有10處語言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺的詞處加漏字符號(hào)（∧），并在其下面寫出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用斜線（\）劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。Richardisourforeignteacher,whoisfromEngland.Hehastheinterestingwaytomakehisclassesattractiveandlively.Forexample,inlastFriday,whenheexplainedthemeaningof“crawl”tous,hedidnotjusttellusthatitmeantinthedictionary.Instead,helayonhisstomachandmoveforwardonhishandsandkneesslowly.Theywatchedhimwithinterest,laughedloudly.Thuswelearntthewordveryeasy.RichardcanspeaksomeChinese,andhispronunciationisnotgood.Heoftenasksuscorrecthismistakes.Haveyouheardofateacherwholearnsfromstudent?Richarddoes!六、推薦信52．假定你是李華。你的美國(guó)筆友Henry計(jì)劃利用暑假到中國(guó)旅行，為此發(fā)來郵件請(qǐng)你推薦一個(gè)旅游目的地。請(qǐng)你寫一封郵件回復(fù)，內(nèi)容包括：1.推薦一個(gè)目的地；2.推薦理由；3.表達(dá)祝愿。注意：1、詞數(shù)100左右；2、結(jié)束語已為你寫好。DearHenry,_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua參考答案：1．A2．C3．D【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了四條世界上最好的自行車路線。1．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheGreatWindyRoad,Victoria,Australia部分中Ifyoulikeachallenge,takeonthis243-kilometerwindyroadalongAustralia’ssouth-easterncoast.可知，如果你喜歡挑戰(zhàn)，那就沿著澳大利亞東南海岸走這條243公里長(zhǎng)的風(fēng)大的路吧。由此可知，TheGreatWindyRoad可以欣賞到海邊的風(fēng)景。故選A。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)UdaipurCityTour,Rajasthan,India部分中Butsurroundedbyancientcastles,templesandgrandpalaces,Udaipurbringsaboutoneofthebestbikingexperiences,allowingcycliststotrulydiscoverruralIndia.可知，但是環(huán)繞著古老的城堡、寺廟和宏偉的宮殿，烏代普爾帶來了騎自行車的最佳體驗(yàn)之一，讓騎自行車的人真正發(fā)現(xiàn)了印度的鄉(xiāng)村。由此可知，在烏代布爾城市之旅中你能參觀古老的文化遺產(chǎn)。故選C。3．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)TheKarakoramHighway,China-Pakistan部分中TheKarakoramHighwayisthehighestinternationalroadintheworld,reachinganaltitudeof4,700metersattheKhunjerabPass.可知，Karakoram公路是世界上最高的國(guó)際公路，在昆杰拉布山口海拔4700米。由此可知，Karakoram公路特別之處在于它比其他國(guó)際公路高。故選D。4．D5．C6．B7．A【導(dǎo)語】本文是記敘文。文章講述了Zymal意識(shí)到塑料污染的嚴(yán)重后果后，為減少塑料污染對(duì)海洋生物的危害，創(chuàng)造了自己的環(huán)保袋的故事。她還把銷售利潤(rùn)用于幫助貧困兒童。4．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段的“Depressedbytheplasticpollution,shewasremindedofthesevereconsequencesourhabitshaveontheenvironment.Then,shenoticedashopkeeperhandingoutnewspaperbags.Andatthatmoment,Zymalknewshehadtoact.Sincethenshehascreatedbeautiful,uniquereusablenewspaperbagsforhundredsofcustomers.（Zymal意識(shí)到塑料污染的嚴(yán)重后果。然后，她注意到一位店主正在分發(fā)報(bào)紙袋。就在那一刻，Zymal知道她必須采取行動(dòng)。從那時(shí)起，她為數(shù)百名顧客創(chuàng)造了美麗獨(dú)特的可重復(fù)使用的報(bào)紙袋）”可知，第二段主要講述了Zymal是如何獲得靈感創(chuàng)作她的環(huán)保袋的，故選D。5．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的“AccordingtoTheEarthInstitute,overonetrillionplasticbagsareusedworldwideannually—that’sabouttwomillionbagsusedperminutearoundtheworld.（根據(jù)地球研究所的數(shù)據(jù)，全世界每年使用超過一萬億個(gè)塑料袋——也就是每分鐘使用200萬個(gè)塑料袋）”和第四段的“puttingapproximately700marinespeciesindangerofextinctionduetothethreatfrompollution.（由于污染的威脅，大約700種海洋物種面臨滅絕的危險(xiǎn)）”以及“infact,anastonishing8.8milliontonsofthismaterialmaketheirwayfromlandtotheoceanseverysingleyear.（事實(shí)上，每年有驚人的880萬噸這種物質(zhì)從陸地進(jìn)入海洋）”推知，這些數(shù)字是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)了塑料污染的嚴(yán)重性。故選C。6．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“AndZymal’samazingnessdoesn’tstopthere—theprofitsfromhersalesgotowardshelpingpoorchildren.（Zymal的銷售利潤(rùn)用于幫助貧困兒童）”推知，Zymal關(guān)心弱勢(shì)群體。故選B。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段的“Depressedbytheplasticpollution,shewasremindedofthesevereconsequencesourhabitshaveontheenvironment.Then,shenoticedashopkeeperhandingoutnewspaperbags.Andatthatmoment,Zymalknewshehadtoact.（Zymal意識(shí)到塑料污染的嚴(yán)重后果。然后，她注意到一位店主正在分發(fā)報(bào)紙袋。就在那一刻，Zymal知道她必須采取行動(dòng)）”和最后一段的“theprofitsfromhersalesgotowardshelpingpoorchildren.（銷售利潤(rùn)用于幫助貧困兒童）”推知，Zyma是一個(gè)關(guān)心環(huán)境和弱勢(shì)群體的人。故選A。8．B9．A10．D11．D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，人的自尊心會(huì)隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)而增強(qiáng)，到60歲的時(shí)候達(dá)到最高。8．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞前句“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBernsetouttodeterminewhentheaverageperson’sself-esteemisthehighest(伯爾尼大學(xué)的研究人員著手研究一個(gè)人的自尊心在什么時(shí)候最高)”可知，劃線詞所在的句子意思是“好消息是自尊的頂峰會(huì)在幾十年后出現(xiàn)”?？梢圆聹y(cè)，peak與Maximum詞義相近，意為“最大值”。故選B。9．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Thehighestpointforself-esteemlevelhappenedatage60whentheycanretireandstayedthereuntilaslightdeclineinone’s70sand80s.(自尊心水平最高的時(shí)候是60歲，那時(shí)他們可以退休了，并且一直保持到70歲和80歲的時(shí)候自尊水平略有下降)”可知，一個(gè)剛退休的人更有可能擁有最高的自尊水平。故選A。10．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Asweageandourrolestendtochange,it’snaturalforself-esteemtotakeasmallhit.(隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)和角色的轉(zhuǎn)變，自尊受到小小的打擊是很自然的)”和“However,it’simportanttorememberthatit’sonlyaslightdecrease.Dr.Orthbelievesthatmostpeoplemaintainahighself-esteemlevelevenintotheir90sandbeyond.(然而，重要的是要記住，它只是一個(gè)輕微的下降。奧爾斯認(rèn)為，大多數(shù)人即使到了90多歲甚至更老的時(shí)候，也會(huì)保持高度的自尊)”可知，隨著年齡增長(zhǎng)，自尊水平只是輕微的下降?？梢酝茢?，奧爾斯博士認(rèn)為老年人自尊心下降是可以接受的。故選D。11．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內(nèi)容，尤其第一段的“ResearchersfromtheUniversityofBernsetouttodeterminewhentheaverageperson’sself-esteemisthehighest,andthegoodnewsisthatyourpeakcomesdecadeslater.（伯尼爾大學(xué)的研究人員開始確定一般人的自尊何時(shí)達(dá)到最高，好消息是，你的自尊會(huì)在幾十年后達(dá)到頂峰）”可知，文章主要介紹關(guān)于人的自尊方面的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，本文最有可能出現(xiàn)在雜志上。故選D?！军c(diǎn)睛】12．A13．C14．D15．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。介紹一種能清潔摩天大樓窗戶玻璃的新型機(jī)器人Ozmo的工作原理，優(yōu)勢(shì)。但是Ozmo是否能像人類一樣發(fā)揮良好的作用還有待觀察。12．詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)下文thedangerouschoremaysoonbetakencareofbyOzmo,anintelligentwindowcleaningrobot.可知清洗摩天大樓窗戶這樣的雜事可以由該公司的智能機(jī)器人來做，因此可知該公司的這項(xiàng)技術(shù)應(yīng)該是成功的。故選A。13．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ozmoisalsoexpectedtobemuchmoreefficientthanhumans.Ozmo也被認(rèn)為比人類的效率更高。Whileitcurrentlytakesthreecleaners480hourseachtocleanthewindowsofa40-storyglassbuilding,therobotwillsingle-handedlycompletethetaskinjust80hours.可知相對(duì)人工清理一棟40層樓的玻璃建筑，人工需要480小時(shí)，而該機(jī)器人僅需80小時(shí)?？芍狾zmo的工作效率很高。故選C。14．推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段Ozmoisalsoexpectedtobemuchmoreefficientthanhumans.可知作者認(rèn)為該機(jī)器人能大大提高效率，然而卻不能完全取代人工清潔。根據(jù)最后一段WhetherOzmo,whichisstillundergoingtesting,doesasgoodajobashumanremainstobeseen.目前仍在測(cè)試中的Ozmo是否能像人類一樣發(fā)揮良好的作用還有待觀察。由此判斷出作者對(duì)Ozmo未來的應(yīng)用持客觀的態(tài)度。故選D。15．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句However,ifIsrael-basedcompanySkylineTechnologieshasitsway,thedangerouschoremaysoonbetakencareofbyOzmo,anintelligentwindowcleaningrobot，然而，如果以色列公司天際線技術(shù)(SkylineTechnologies)能夠成功的話，這種危險(xiǎn)的家務(wù)可能很快就會(huì)由智能窗戶清潔機(jī)器人Ozmo來處理。以及下文對(duì)于對(duì)于Ozmo的工作原理，優(yōu)勢(shì)的介紹?？芍?，短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“Ozmo：智能窗戶清洗工”故選B?！军c(diǎn)睛】把握文章的主旨大意主要有三種方法：1.找準(zhǔn)主題句，如本題的主題句在第二段的最后一句。2.看文章篇幅主要在講什么。3.根據(jù)選項(xiàng)標(biāo)題逆向推理文章可能會(huì)說些什么，如果和文章內(nèi)容不匹配的不能選。根據(jù)第二段最后一句However,ifIsrael-basedcompanySkylineTechnologieshasitsway,thedangerouschoremaysoonbetakencareofbyOzmo,anintelligentwindowcleaningrobot，然而，如果以色列公司天際線技術(shù)(SkylineTechnologies)能夠成功的話，這種危險(xiǎn)的家務(wù)可能很快就會(huì)由智能窗戶清潔機(jī)器人Ozmo來處理。以及下文對(duì)于對(duì)于Ozmo的工作原理，優(yōu)勢(shì)的介紹。可知，短文的最佳標(biāo)題為“Ozmo：智能窗戶清洗工”故小題4選B。16．G17．A18．D19．F20．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了出去購物時(shí)避免感染病毒的幾個(gè)建議。16．空前提出問題“在雜貨店購物時(shí)如何避免細(xì)菌呢？”，下文是具體的方法，所以G項(xiàng)“在你出去進(jìn)一個(gè)雜貨店之前，你需要一些指導(dǎo)來確保你的安全”承上啟下，符合語境，故選G項(xiàng)。17．空后as引導(dǎo)一個(gè)原因狀語從句，“因?yàn)椴《局饕ㄟ^近距離接觸別人傳染”，結(jié)合空前“通過避免接觸人群”可知，A項(xiàng)“你就能減少感染的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”切題，故選A項(xiàng)。18．空前提到“病毒傳播最容易的一種方法就是通過接觸被污染的表面，然后摸你的臉，眼睛，鼻子或者嘴巴”，所以要避免感染就不要在購物時(shí)摸臉，D項(xiàng)符合語境，D項(xiàng)中“touchingyourface”與上下文呼應(yīng)，且空后的This指代D項(xiàng)內(nèi)容，故選D項(xiàng)。19．空處位于句首，是段落主題句，根據(jù)本段最后一句“因?yàn)閯e人可能不會(huì)像你一樣保持社交距離，用‘不好意思’禮貌地要求他們保持距離”可知，本段主要講要保持距離，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“此外，盡量與別的購物者保持安全的六英尺距離”切題，故選F項(xiàng)。20．空前一句提到在關(guān)心自己健康的同時(shí)，還要關(guān)心別人的健康，結(jié)合空后“看看你是否能幫他們購物，或者教他們使用網(wǎng)上配送選擇”可推知，B項(xiàng)“如果你有年邁的鄰居需要幫助”切題，故選B項(xiàng)。【點(diǎn)睛】21．B22．C23．D24．A25．B26．D27．A28．C29．B30．A31．C32．B33．C34．D35．A36．C37．A38．D39．B40．D【分析】本文是記敘文。文章講述了作者通過吃完蘋果后對(duì)蘋果種子的觀察聯(lián)想到夢(mèng)想，最終明白經(jīng)營(yíng)和實(shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想就像種蘋果一樣，種下的蘋果種子不一定都能長(zhǎng)得很好，但是長(zhǎng)得很好的蘋果樹一定是經(jīng)過許多的嘗試和付出，夢(mèng)想也是一樣。21．本題考查語境判斷之邏輯連接詞。句意:但是相反，我看著那顆蘋果種子，我真的看了。A.still仍然；B.instead相反地；C.also也；D.rather寧愿。上文作者說想要把種子扔了，但根據(jù)下文lookedattheappleseed-Ireallylooked，作者仔細(xì)看種子，可知作者沒有扔掉，所以此處表示轉(zhuǎn)折的意思。故選B。22．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：它（種子）的形狀讓我想起了燭火。A.warned警告；B.convinced使…相信；C.reminded使…想起、聯(lián)想；D.informed通知，告知。根據(jù)語境可知，此處種子的形狀讓作者聯(lián)想到蠟燭的火焰。故選C。23．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我意識(shí)到我手里拿著一棵蘋果樹——一顆小小的種子，它有可能長(zhǎng)成一棵美麗的樹，結(jié)出成千上萬的果實(shí)和種子，每一顆種子都能長(zhǎng)成一棵新的樹。那為什么世界上不是到處都是蘋果樹呢?A.catching抓、趕上；B.expecting期待；C.imagining想象；D.holding捧著、拿著；根據(jù)inmyhand在我手里，可知此處是捧著的意思。故選D。24．本題考查語境判斷之感情色彩名詞。句意：我意識(shí)到我手里拿著一棵蘋果樹——一顆小小的種子，它有可能長(zhǎng)成一棵美麗的樹，結(jié)出成千上萬的果實(shí)和種子，每一顆種子都能長(zhǎng)成一棵新的樹。那為什么世界上不是到處都是蘋果樹呢?A.potential潛力、有潛能的；B.courage勇氣；C.intention目的；D.patience耐心。根據(jù)語境eachabletogrowintoanewtree都可能長(zhǎng)成一棵新的樹，可知，此處表示一粒種子有成為一棵樹的潛能。故選A25．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我意識(shí)到我手里拿著一棵蘋果樹——一顆小小的種子，它有可能長(zhǎng)成一棵美麗的樹，結(jié)出成千上萬的果實(shí)和種子，每一顆種子都能長(zhǎng)成一棵新的樹。那為什么世界上不是到處都是蘋果樹呢?A.raise舉起；B.bear開花結(jié)果、承擔(dān)C.gain獲得；D.eat吃。此處表示結(jié)出成千上萬的果實(shí)和種子。bearfruits表示"結(jié)出果實(shí)"。故選B。26．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我意識(shí)到我手里拿著一棵蘋果樹——一顆小小的種子，它有可能長(zhǎng)成一棵美麗的樹，結(jié)出成千上萬的果實(shí)和種子，每一顆種子都能長(zhǎng)成一棵新的樹。那為什么世界上不是到處都是蘋果樹呢?A.when當(dāng)…時(shí)候；B.how怎么；C.what什么；D.why為什么。根據(jù)下文wasn'ttheworldfilledwithappletrees可知此處是問為什么世界上不到處都是蘋果樹。故選D。27．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：只有少數(shù)的種子能夠生長(zhǎng)，這是自然規(guī)律。A.rule規(guī)則，規(guī)律；B.step步驟；C.order命令、順序；D.game游戲、比賽。根據(jù)onlyafewoftheseseedsgrow只有很少的種子能長(zhǎng)成果樹可推測(cè)出這是自然規(guī)律。故選A。28．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：很多（種子）不會(huì)生長(zhǎng)或者在生長(zhǎng)的早期就被毀壞了。A.nearly幾乎；B.just僅僅；C.never從不；D.always總是。根據(jù)上文onlyafewoftheseseedsgrow只有很少的能長(zhǎng)成果樹，那么大部分不會(huì)，所以用never。故選C。29．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我把蘋果種子放在桌子上，彎下腰去看它是如何反射光線的，這大自然的小小奇跡。A.prove證明；B.see看；C.show展示；D.guess猜測(cè)。bentdown表示"彎下"此處承接的動(dòng)作是彎下身子去看。故選B。30．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我想，農(nóng)民得種下多少種子才能有一顆長(zhǎng)成樹。A.bury埋；B.collect收集；C.produce生產(chǎn)；D.save拯救、節(jié)約、保存。根據(jù)oneseedtogrowintoatree長(zhǎng)成果樹可知此處之前是埋下種子。故選A。31．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：需要做多少工作？A.money錢；B.earth地球、泥土；C.work工作；D.water水。根據(jù)語境howmanyseedswouldafarmerhaveto…，此處指長(zhǎng)成果樹除了種下大量的種子還需要多少農(nóng)民的工作。故選C32．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：然后我想到，人們的夢(mèng)想也經(jīng)常是這樣的。A.conditions條件、情況；B.dreams夢(mèng)想；C.chances機(jī)會(huì)；D.faiths信念。根據(jù)下文whyourdreamsnevercometrue的暗示可知，此處指人們的夢(mèng)想。故選B。33．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我們腦子里有很棒的想法，但是它們很快就沒有了。A.increase增加；B.change改變；C.die死亡，沒有；D.appear出現(xiàn)。根據(jù)下文Wedon'tprotectthemasweshould沒有保護(hù)我們的好想法，可知它們沒有了。故選C。34．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：然后有一天我們就會(huì)想知道為什么我們的夢(mèng)想從未實(shí)現(xiàn)？A.explain解釋；B.doubt懷疑；C.decide決定；D.wonder想知道。根據(jù)上文我們的想法來得很快去的也很快，我們沒有保護(hù)好我們的夢(mèng)想，之后我們就會(huì)想知道為什么夢(mèng)想從未實(shí)現(xiàn)，故選D。35．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我們夢(mèng)想的種子從來都不會(huì)自己生長(zhǎng)。A.grow生長(zhǎng)；B.develop發(fā)展；C.live生活，活著；D.destroy摧毀?；卮鹕衔奶岢龅膯栴}，我們?yōu)槭裁磸奈磳?shí)現(xiàn)夢(mèng)想，因?yàn)槲覀兊膲?mèng)想不會(huì)自己生長(zhǎng)（實(shí)現(xiàn)）。故選A。36．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：就像是種植蘋果樹一樣，也許要付出很多次的嘗試。比如說：在面試好工作前寄出的幾百封求職信或者在找到真正的朋友前，需要經(jīng)歷很多次嘗試。A.choices選擇；B.goals目標(biāo)；C.tries嘗試；D.challenges挑戰(zhàn)。下文舉例子說的求職與找朋友，都是嘗試。故選C。37．本題考查語境判斷之邏輯連接詞。句意：就像是種植蘋果樹一樣，也許要付出很多次的嘗試。比如說：在面試好工作前寄出的幾百封求職信或者在找到真正的朋友前，需要經(jīng)歷很多次嘗試。A.or或者；B.yet還沒；C.so所以；D.as盡管、由于；此處表示選擇關(guān)系。故選A。38．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：就像種植蘋果樹一樣，在面試好工作前寄出的幾百封求職信或者在找到真正的朋友前，需要經(jīng)歷很多次嘗試。A.kept保持；B.helped幫助；C.noticed注意、觀察；D.found找到。根據(jù)句意，此處考查findatruefriend的被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)的用法，此處表示找到一個(gè)真正的朋友。故選D。39．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我又把這顆蘋果種子拿起來了，沒有扔掉它，我拿來了一個(gè)空的花盆，裝滿泥土把它種下。A.putting擺放；B.throwing扔；C.taking拿著，拿走；D.giving給。根據(jù)下文拿花盆裝土把種子種下，可知沒有扔掉它，故選B。40．本題考查語境判斷之其他線索。句意：我又把這顆蘋果種子拿起來了，沒有扔掉它，我拿來了一個(gè)空的花盆，裝滿泥土把它種下。A.used使用；B.removed移開；C.studied學(xué)習(xí)、研究；D.planted種植。花盆裝滿泥土以及下文Ithoughtthatmaybeonedayitwouldgrowintoaproudtree,andIwouldneverknowifIdidn'ttry.我想也許有一天它會(huì)長(zhǎng)成一棵令人驕傲的樹，但如果我不去嘗試，我將永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)知道。可知作者把種子種下了。故選D。【點(diǎn)睛】完形填空主考詞匯，輔考邏輯。對(duì)詞匯的理解和運(yùn)用要求很高，尤其是名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞是詞義辨析以及搭配。需要把詞匯代入語境充分理解才能選定正確答案。第2小題的動(dòng)詞convince與remind有一樣的搭配convincesbofsth使某人相信remindsbofsth使某人想起/想到但根據(jù)語境以及賓語candleflame可知應(yīng)選擇remind。完形填空的設(shè)空中和文章的語句、段落的理解也會(huì)分布較多對(duì)長(zhǎng)難句的考查，如第3段第1句Itisaruleofnaturethatonlyafewoftheseseedsgrow,分析句子可知，設(shè)空位置是與從句內(nèi)容一致的名詞，考查主語從句，故rule最合適填于此空。要善于運(yùn)用語法來輔助解答完形填空題型，通常語法在高考完形填空不直接考查，但可借助語法知識(shí)解決其中的部分問題，如第18小題，考查了findatruefriend動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)形式atruefriendcanfound。41．todrive42．in43．sent44．Later45．that46．a(chǎn)47．women48．beautiful49．It50．bepainted【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹手工扇子的作用，種類和特點(diǎn)等。41．考查不定式。句意：但在古代中國(guó)，手工扇子幾乎是人們驅(qū)熱的唯一幫助。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為非謂語動(dòng)詞，在句中作目的狀語，應(yīng)用不定式，故填todrive。42．考查介詞。句意：扇子的形狀各異，有圓形的，也有方形的，材質(zhì)也各不相同。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為介詞，意為“以方式）”，故填in。43．考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。句意：檀香扇散發(fā)出陣陣清香。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為謂語動(dòng)詞，本句描述的是過去的事實(shí)，且主語和