第一模擬（仿新高考I卷）

2024年高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)模擬卷

（解析版）

注意事項：1.答題前，考生先將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號碼填寫清楚，將條形碼準(zhǔn)確粘貼在考生信息條形碼

粘貼區(qū)。

2.選擇題必須使用2B鉛筆填涂；非選擇題必須使用0.5毫米黑色字跡的簽字筆書寫，字體工整、筆跡清

楚。

3.請按照題號順序在答題卡各題目的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)作答，超出答題區(qū)域書寫的答案無效；在草稿紙、試卷上

答題無效。

4.作圖可先使用鉛筆畫出，確定后必須用黑色字跡的簽字筆描黑。

5.保持卡面清潔，不要折疊，不要弄破、弄皺，不準(zhǔn)使用涂改液、修正帶、刮紙刀。

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。聽完每

段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.（2023秋?江蘇揚州,高三校聯(lián)考期末）Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?

A.Closethewindow.

B.Buyanewsweater.

C.Putonmoreclothes.

【答案】c

【原文】W:Wouldyoupleaseclosethewindow?Ifeelabitcold.

M:Oh,I'msorry,butmaybeyoushouldputonyoursweater.Weneedsomefreshair.

2.（2023?河北衡水?河北衡水中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Howmuchwillthewomanpaytorentthecar?

A.200dollars.B.210dollars.C.240dollars.

【答案】C

【原文】M:WeletoCarsRentalpany.WhatcanIdoforyou?

W:Ineedtorentacarforeightdays.Whatareyourrates?

M:30dollarsaday.

3.（2023?河北衡水?河北衡水中學(xué)校考模擬預(yù)測）Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?

第1頁共25頁

A.Asouvenir.B.Aplace.C.Apieceofcloth.

【答案】A

【原文】M:Wheredidyougetthis?Ifsbeautiful.

W:Oh,Fvebeentosomanyplaces;Ialmostcan'trememberwherethafsfrom.Judgingfromthecolorofthe

cloth,thatmustbeasouvenirIboughtinSouthAmerica.

4.（2023?河北衡水?河北衡水中學(xué)?？寄M預(yù)測）Whatwillthewomanprobablydo?

A.Chargeherphone.B.Leavethehouse.C.Callhermother.

【答案】C

【原文】W:Uhoh.Ithinkmycellphoneisabouttodie.

M:Don'tworry,Ichargedminebeforeweleftthehouse.

W:Thankgoodness.Idon'twantmymothertoworry!She'salreadycalledthreetimes.

5.（2023?全國?統(tǒng)考高考真題）Whydoesthemanapologize?

A.Fortheterriblefood.

B.Fortheovercharge.

C.Forthewaiter'srudeness.

【答案】B

【原文】M:Sorry,Miss.Wemadeaterriblemistakeaddingupthebill.Hereisthetendollarswehavetoreturnto

you.

W:Oh,Ididn'tnoticethat.IfsOK.Don'tblamethewaiter.He'sbeenreallynice.

第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22?5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話或獨白后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項。

聽完每段對話后，你將時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的做答時間。每

段對話或獨白讀兩遍。

（2023?湖北黃岡?黃岡中學(xué)?？级＃┞牭?段材料，回答第6、7題。

6.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?

A.Motherandson.B.Friends.C.Strangers.

7.Whydidbakersputanextrapieceofbreadinabaginthepast?

A.Theywereafraidtobepunishedforgivingtoolittle.

B.Theywantedtomakethecustomershappy.

C.Therewasmorespaceinthebag.

第2頁共25頁

【答案】6.B7.A

【原文】W:Howmanyeggseinadozen?

M:Adozenis12.

W:Really?Ithoughtitwas13butthinkingaboutitnow,itwouldn'tmakesensefortheboxtohaveanuneven

numberofspaces.

M:Thereissomethingcalledabaker'sdozen.Alongtimeago,givingasmalleramountofbreadthanaperson

paidforwasillegal.Sothenbakersbegantoputoneextrapieceintheirbagssotheywouldnotbefined.

W:Wow!Thatisinteresting!Howdoyouknowsomuchaboutoldbakers?

M:Mymotherownedabakery.Shemadebreadallthetime!Itwassodelicious.

W:Thatdoessounddelicious.Doyouknowhowtobakebread?

M:No,IwishIhadlearnedproperly.Mymothertriedtoshowmeonce,butIwastooyoungtounderstand.

（2023?福建泉州?福建省德化第一中學(xué)校聯(lián)考一模）聽第7段材料，回答第8、9題。

8.Howdoesthewomanfeelaboutthedancepetition?

A.Excited.B.Nervous.C.Confident.

9.Whatisthewomanlookingforwardtomost?

A.Dancinginfrontofmanypeople.

B.Watchinggooddancersonstage.

C.Makingsomegoodnewfriends.

【答案】8.A9.C

【原文】W:Haveyouheardaboutthedancepetitionmyclassisgoinginfor,UncleSam?

M:Yes,yourmomsaidyouwerereallyexcitedaboutit.Aren'tyoujustabitnervousaboutdancinginfrontofso

manypeople,though?

W:No.There511belotsofreallygooddancers.Ourteachersayswe'lllearnlotsjustbywatchingthemonstage.

M:Iexpectyou'llmakesomegoodnewfriendsthere.

W:Mm.ThafswhatFmlookingforwardtomostofall.

（2023?全國?統(tǒng)考高考真題）聽第8段材料，回答第10至13題。

10.WhatdidClaradoattheweekend?

A.Sheplantedvegetables.

B.Shewenttoayardsale.

C.Shevisitedhergrandpa.

第3頁共25頁

11.WhatdidMarkfindinsideoneofthebookshebought?

A.Aplaneticket.B.Afamilyphoto.C.Apostcard.

12.WheredoesMarklive?

A.LosAngeles.B.Chicago.C.Philadelphia.

13.WhatistherelationshipbetweenMarkandAshley?

A.Brotherandsister.B.Husbandandwife.C.Fatheranddaughter.

【答案】10.C11.A12.C13.A

【原文】W:Morning,Mark.

M:Morning,Clara.Howwasyourweekend?

W:Great.Iwenttomygrandpa's.Heinvitedustopickvegetablesonhisfarm.Mydaughterhadagreattime

there.Whataboutyou?

M:Oh,Ihadatrulyincredibleexperience.IdroppedbyayardsaleonSaturdayandgotseveralbooks.

W:Novels?

M:Anovelandtwopoetrycollections.AsIleafedthroughthenovel,apieceofpaperfellout.Itwasanairticket

from2012.TheflightwasfromLosAngelestoChicagoandthenameontheticketwasAshleyLouis.

W:Wasit?

M:Yes.Ashley,mysister.In2012,shelivedinLosAngelesandherhusbandworkedinChicago.Bothofthem

oftenflewbetweentwocities.Iaskedthesellerwherehegotthebook.Hesaiditwasboughtatasecondhand

bookstoreinLosAngelesthreeyearsago.Lastyear,heandhisfamilymovedfromLosAngelestoPhiladelphia.

W:So,allthewayacrossthecountry,yoursister5soldbooklandedinyourhands.Thafsreallycrazy.

（2023春?湖南?高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。

14.Whydidn'tSallyattendtheparty?

A.Herfamilymemberwasunwell.

B.Sheforgotthetimeoftheparty.

C.Shehadaheadachelastnight.

15.HowlongdidDavidstayattheparty?

A.2hours.B.3hours.C.4hours.

16.WhatimpressedDavidmostattheparty?

A.Dancingandsinging.B.Cheerfulatmosphere.C.Snacksanddrinks.

17.Whereprobablywasthepartyheld?

第4頁共25頁

A.Inacocktailbar.B.Atafriend'shouse.C.Inadessertshop.

【答案】14.A15.C16.C17.B

【原文】M:Hi,Sally.Didyougotothepartyyesterday?

W:No,Ididnot.Itookmygrandfathertoahospitalforhisheadache.Didyouenjoyyourselfthere?

M:Uh,itwasreallyawonderfulpartywithcheerfulatmosphere.TheJacksonfamilyweresofriendlyand

generous!

W:Really?eon,David,tellmemore.

p.m.gotthereat7:00p.m.andthepartyendedat10:00p.m.withfulljoyofchatting,dancingandsinging,andI

evenstayedforonemorehourdrinkingandchattingwithMr.Jackson.

W:Itsoundsgreat!

M:Absolutely!Allthingsweresoincredible,especiallythesnacksanddrinkswhichgavemethedeepest

impression,asyouknow,Iamadessertlover.Theblueberrycake,thecherrypieandthechocolatewereso

delicious.

W:Ah,howIwishIhadbeenthereaswell!But,whatkeptyouaftertheparty?

M:Thecocktails!TheywerethebestIhadevertriedbeforethankstothebartendertheyhired,andIcouldn't

resist.Mr.Jacksoneveninvitedmetostayforthenightintheirguestroom,butIhadmybrotherpickmeup.

（2023?湖南長沙?湖南師大附中校考一模）聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。

18.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutherself?

A.Sheisverypatient.B.Sheisinpoorhealth.C.Sheisabitindependent.

19.Whydidthespeakersetuptheorganization?

A.Toproducemasks.B.Tomakemoreprofits.C.Toofferpeoplejobs.

20.Whatdoesthespeakermeanattheendofthetalk?

A.Sheisreadytohelpothers.B.Shewantsmorevolunteers.C.Shehas

enoughmasksnow.

【答案】18.B19.A20.B

【原文】W:MynameisAmandaBrown,thefounderofthenonprofitorganizationSewingMouthMasks.Some

peoplemayaskmehowIstartedtheorganization.Well,Iamapatientwithlungproblems.Ihavedependedon

caregiversforyears.Recently,oneofthemtoldmeshehadpaid10dollarsforamasktoprotectherselffromthe

flu.NotuntilthendidIrealizethesevereshortageofmasks.Thatgavemeanidea.Icoulddosomethingfbrthose

whooncehelpedme——mydoctor,myfriends.Ihopetheycouldprotectthemselvesbetter.Asawomangoodat

第5頁共25頁

sewing,Icameupwiththeideaofsewingmasksformydoctorandcaregivers.Quitebeyondmyexpectations,a

weeklater,whatstartedasaonepersonoperationhasgrownintoasmallarmyofathomevolunteermaskmakers.I

createdawebpagecalledSewingMouthMasks.Forthefirsttwodays,3,000membersregistered.Soon,that

numberroseto5,300.Therefore,Iestablishedtheorganizationnamedafterthewebpageandwevolunteeredto

makemasksforthosewhoneedthem.Now,wehaveplentyofvolunteers.Butifsstillfarfromenoughtorelieve

theshortageofmasks.Westillneedmanymorehands.Anyonewhowantstohelpiswele,evenifyoucanonly

makeoneaday.eon,joinusandmakeyourcontributions.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37?5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

（2023?廣東?華南師大附中?？既＃?/p>

Thebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknow

KiteFestival

911June

Newlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacularstatelyhomeKirtlingtonParkin

Oxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,biningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreateauniqueprogrammefeaturing

liveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.OvertheKiteFestivalweekend,you911findawardwinningauthors

sharingtheirinsightsoncraftingstoriesandelectronicpoplegendsheadliningontheSaturdaynight.

Primadonna

2830July

HeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonnapridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworks

bywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebeheard.Thereareinsightfulworkshopscovering

everything,includingsessionsonhowtogetyourfootinthedoorofthepublishingworld.Thefamilyfriendly

eventalsohasplentytokeepkidsoccupied,fromcraftactivitiestoentertainingtalksfrombignamewriters.

Queen'sParkBookFestival

23September

Queen9sParkBookFestivalistheonlyoneinthecapitaltobeheldinapublicpark,makingitalowkey

affairthatfeelsmore1汰eagardenpartythanafullblownfestival.Alongsidewriters'discussionsontheirlatest

第6頁共25頁

works,you'llfindperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhiphopversemaestroPoetcuriousandnightlypartiesonce

thesunsets.

HenleyLiteraryFestival

30SeptembersOctober

Henleyishometoanimpressiveliteraryfestival,whichtakesplacesoveraweekinOctoberatvarious

venuesthroughoutthetown,includingthegrandriversideprivatemembers9clubPhyllisCourtandthehistoric

townhall.Alongsidemaineventsfeaturingfamouswriters,there'salsoahugelypopularchildren'sfestival,where

littlebookwormsgetthechancetoefacetofacewiththeirfavouriteauthors.

21.Whichfestivalpromoteslessreadwriters?

A.KiteFestival.B.Primadonna.

C.Queen'sParkBookFestival.D.HenleyLiteraryFestival.

22.Wherecanvisitorsenjoyperformances?

A.KiteFestivalPrimadonna.

B.PrimadonnHenleyLiteraryFestival.

C.KiteFestivaQueen'sParkBookFestival.

D.Queen'sParkBookFestivalHenleyLiteraryFestival.

23.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroduceaspecialbookfestival.

B.Topromotelocalactivitiesforfamilies.

C.Toinformreadersofsomeliteraryevents.

D.Toprovideintroductionsaboutfamousauthors.

【答案】21.B22.C23.C

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，主要介紹的是2023年英國最好的文學(xué)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Primadonna部分的“HeldattheMuseumofEastAnglianLifeinSuffolk,Primadonna

pridesitselfoncreatingaspaceforworksbywomenandthosewhosevoicesmightnototherwisebe

heard.（Primadonna在Suffolk的MuseumofEastAnglianLife舉辦，它為自己創(chuàng)造了一個空間，展示女性和

那些原本可能聽不到他們聲音的人的作品。）”可知，Primadonna會推廣被較少閱讀的作家，故選B。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)KiteFestival部分的"Newlastyear,thisliteraryfestivalheldinthegroundsofspectacular

statelyhomeKirtlingtonParkinOxfordshireisthefirstofitskind,biningmusicandbreakthroughideastocreate

auniqueprogrammefeaturingliveperformancesandinteractivediscussions.（去年，這個文學(xué)節(jié)在牛津郡1土觀的

第7頁共25頁

富麗堂皇的柯特靈頓公園舉行，這是第一個這樣的文學(xué)節(jié)，將音樂和突破性的想法結(jié)合起來，創(chuàng)造了一個

獨特的節(jié)目，包括現(xiàn)場表演和互動討論。）”和Queen'sParkBookFestival部分的“Alongsidewriters9

discussionsontheirlatestworks,you911findperformancepoetryeventshostedbyhiphopversemaestro

Poetcuriousandnightlypartiesoncethesunsets.（除了作家們對他們最新作品的討論，你還會發(fā)現(xiàn)嘻哈詩歌大

師Poetcurious舉辦的表演詩歌活動和日落后的夜間派對。）”可知，游客在KiteFestival和Queen'sParkBook

Festival中可以欣賞表演。故選Co

23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)標(biāo)題“Thebestliteraryfestivals2023acrosstheUKtobooknow（2023年英國最好的文

學(xué)節(jié)現(xiàn)在開始預(yù)訂）“可知，本文主要介紹的是2023年英國最好的文學(xué)節(jié)的相關(guān)信息，因此目的是告知讀者

一些文學(xué)事件。故選C。

B

（2023?福建福州?福建省福州第一中學(xué)?？既＃㊣was68whenIfirststeppedonstageasastandupedian

in2003.rdneversetfootinaedyclubbefore.I'vealwaysbeenaperformerI'veworkedasasinger,actorand

musicianbutallthatcametoanendafter9/11.1liveinNewYork,andwewatchedthetwintowersfallfrommy

apartmentbuilding.Forayearafterwards,nobodywantedtogooutorbeentertained.

ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,toenjoythemselvesagain,and

thoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.Itookafewclasses,triedtoworkoutaroutine,andfinallyplucked

upthecouragetogetuponstage.Thatfirsttimewasterrifying.Ihadnoideawhattheaudiencewouldmakeof

me.

InNewYork,ediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.Ifshardenoughtobreakthroughasawoman,

evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.AsIsteppedonstagethatfirsttime,peoplelaughed

nervously.Theywereclearlysurprisedtoseeme.Iintroducedmyself,statedmyageandtriedmyfirstjoke.There

wassilence.ButbythetimeIgottothethirdline,peoplewereproperlylaughing,Iwasaddicted.

Nowmysetsdiffer.Imightbeonstagefor10minutesinfrontofadozenpeople,ormyonewomanshowisa

fullhourinfrontofacrowdof100.Eventoday,I'mnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,"Hello,everybody.

I'm88andthreequartersyearsold.TmtellingyouthatincaseIdon'tmakeitallthewaythroughtheshow.^^Then

peoplelaughandIrelax.

Afterashow,peopleyoungandoldeuptome,sayingwhataninspirationIam.Theysaytheywanttobeas

activeasmewhentheyreachmyage.I'mpleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakea

backseatinlife.

Fvenointentionofstoppingedy.I'mtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbe

第8頁共25頁

performingwhenFm100.Mygoalistostillbeuptheremakingpeoplelaugh.Ifshardwork,butitstopsme

beingbored.Tdonlybeplayinggolfotherwise

24.Whatmadethewritertakeupedy?

A.ShewantedtoovereherfearsB.Shewantedtobrightenothers?lives

C.ShewasunwillingtoquitperformingD.Shewantedtoworkoutaroutine

25.WhydoesthewritermentionyoungmenwithbeardsinParagraph3?

A.Toshowthechallengeshewasfacing

B.Toexplainherattractiontothejob

C.Toillustrateherspecialadvantage

D.Todescribehernewfriendsinedy

26.Howhasthewritermadeprogresssinceherfirstperformance?

A.Shenowperformsbeforelargeraudiences

B.Shenolongerfeelsnervousbeforeperformances

C.Sheremainsonthestageforalongertime

D.Shehaslearnedtomakeajokeofherage

27.Whichofthefollowingstatementswouldthewriteragreewith?

A.Ageisjustanumber

B.Advancingyearsbringgreaterwisdom

C.Oldagemeansachancetositback

D.Beingelderlymeansyouhavetoslowdown

【答案】24.B25.A26.D27.A

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述作者高齡從事喜劇表演給人們帶去歡樂并激勵其他人的故事。

24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“ItwasthenthatIstartedtothinkaboutedy.Irealisedpeopleneededtolaugh,to

enjoythemselvesagain,andthoughtthatwithalittletrainingIcoulddoit.（就在那時，我開始思考喜劇。我意

識到人們需要笑，需要重新享受生活，我想只要稍加訓(xùn)練，我就能做到）”可知，作者從事喜劇是因為她想

讓人們的生活快樂起來，重新享受生活。故選B。

25.推理判斷題o根據(jù)第三段的“InNewYork,ediansaretypicallyyoungmenwithbeards.Ifshardenoughto

breakthroughasawoman,evenharderassomeoneoldenoughtobetheirgrandmother.（在紐約，喜居U演員通常

是留胡子的年輕人。作為一個女人，想要突破已經(jīng)很困難了，對于一個年紀(jì)大到已經(jīng)是他們祖母的人來說，

就更難了）”推知，作者提到留胡子的年輕人是為了表明她所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)——性別和年齡。故選A。

第9頁共25頁

26.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段的“Eventoday,TmnervousbeforeIstepout.Myfirstlineis,“Hello,

everybody.Tm88andthreequartersyearsold.TmtellingyouthatincaseIdon'tmakeitallthewaythroughthe

show."ThenpeoplelaughandIrelax.（直到今天，我出門前還是很緊張。我的第一句話是：“大家好。我88

又四分之三歲了。我告訴你這些是為了以防我沒能撐到最后?！比缓笕藗冃α耍乙卜潘闪耍笨芍?，作者自

第一次表演后嘗試用調(diào)侃自己的年齡做開場，這樣自己和聽眾都很放松。故選D。

27.推理判斷題o根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的"Theysaytheywanttobeasactiveasmewhentheyreachmyage.Tm

pleasedIcanshowthatasanolderpersonyoudon'tneedtotakeabackseatinliffe.（他們說，當(dāng)他們到了我這個

年紀(jì)時，他們想和我一樣活躍。我很高興我能證明，作為一個老年人，你不需要在生活中退居二線）”和最

后一段的"I'venointentionofstoppingedy.Tmtakingallthesepills,tryingtostayalive,andIhopetostillbe

performingwhenFm100.（我無意停止演喜劇。我吃了這么多藥，努力活下去，我希望我100歲的時候還能

繼續(xù)表演）”推知，作者認(rèn)為年齡只是一個數(shù)字而已，無論到了哪個年齡階段，我們都可以做自己喜歡且有

意義的事情。故選A。

C

（2023,全國,統(tǒng)考高考真題）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaper

whichillustratedwhathasetobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds^^effect.Theexperimentofestimationhe

conductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequite

accurate.

Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren'talwaysthesame.Some

peoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,

theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesame

errors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthat

people'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people'serrorsbeecorrelatedordependent,the

accuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.

ButanewstudyledbyJoaquinNavajasofferedaninterestingtwist（轉(zhuǎn)折）onthisclassicphenomenon.The

keyfindingofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohave

adiscussion,theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependent

individuals.Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewas

significantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.

Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogetabettersenseofwhatthegroup

第10頁共25頁

membersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemostconfidentabouttheirestimates?Did

theyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?Thishappenedsomeofthetime,butitwasn'tthedominant

response.Mostfrequently,thegroupsreportedthatthey“sharedargumentsandreasonedtogether”.Somehow,

theseargumentsandreasoningresultedinaglobalreductioninerror.AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashave

limitationsandmanyquestionsremain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingare

enormous.

28.Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?

A.Themethodsofestimation.B.Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.

C.Thecausesofpeople'serrors.D.ThedesignofGalton'sexperiment.

29.Navajas5studyfoundthattheaverageaccuracycouldincreaseevenif

A.thecrowdswererelativelysmallB.therewereoccasionalunderestimates

C.individualsdidnotmunicateD.estimateswerenotfullyindependent

30.Whatdidthefollowupstudyfbcuson?

A.Thesizeofthegroups.B.Thedominantmembers.

C.Thediscussionprocess.D.Theindividualestimates.

31.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardNavajas9studies?

A.Unclear.B.Dismissive.C.Doubtful.D.Approving.

【答案】28.B29.D30.C31.D

【導(dǎo)語】本文是說明文。沒有人是一座孤島，文章陳述了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)。實驗表明，在某些情況下大量

獨立估計的平均值可能是相當(dāng)準(zhǔn)確的。

28.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容“Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrors

aren'talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andetounderestimate.Whenenoughofthese

errorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilar

andtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon'tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,the

wisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,peopleserrorsbee

correlatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.（這種效應(yīng)利用了這樣一個事實，即當(dāng)人們

犯錯誤時，這些錯誤并不總是相同的。有些人常常會高估，或者低估。當(dāng)這些誤差中有足夠多的誤差被平

均在一起時，它們會相互抵消，從而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計。如果相似的人傾向于犯同樣的錯誤，那么他們的

錯誤不會相互抵消。從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的。如果由于任何原因，人

們的錯誤變得相關(guān)或依賴，估計的準(zhǔn)確性就會下降）”可知，本段闡述了人們所犯的錯誤不總是相同的，各

第11頁共25頁

不相同的誤差平均在一起，相互抵消就會產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的估計，討論了獨立估計的平均如何由于誤差的消除

而產(chǎn)生更準(zhǔn)確的預(yù)測。因此本段主要解釋了“群體智慧”效應(yīng)這一現(xiàn)象的基本邏輯。故選B。

29.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople'sestimates

beindependent.（從更專業(yè)的角度來說，群眾的智慧要求人們的估計是獨立的）”和第三段的“Thekeyfinding

ofthestudywasthatwhencrowdswerefurtherdividedintosmallergroupsthatwereallowedtohaveadiscussion,

theaveragesfromthesegroupsweremoreaccuratethanthosefromanequalnumberofindependentindividuals.

Forinstance,theaverageobtainedfromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymore

accuratethantheaverageobtainedfrom20independentindividuals.（這項研究的關(guān)鍵發(fā)現(xiàn)是，當(dāng)人群被進(jìn)一步

劃分為允許進(jìn)行討論的小組時，這些小組的平均值比同等數(shù)量的獨立個體的平均值更準(zhǔn)確。例如，從四個

五人討論組的估計中獲得的平均值明顯比從20個獨立個體獲得的平均值更準(zhǔn)確）”可知，人們在沒有獨立的

情況下，分成更小群體，平均值是更準(zhǔn)確的，說明即使在估計數(shù)字并非完全獨立的情況下，準(zhǔn)確率提高也

是可以做到的。故選D。

30.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Inafollowupstudywith100universitystudents,theresearcherstriedtogeta

bettersenseofwhatthegroupmembersactuallydidintheirdiscussion.Didtheytendtogowiththosemost

confidentabouttheirestimates?Didtheyfollowthoseleastwillingtochangetheirminds?（在一項針對100名大

學(xué)生的后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖更好地了解小組成員在討論中的實際行為。他們是否傾向于選擇那些對

自己的估計最有信心的人？他們追隨那些最不愿意改變主意的人嗎）”可知，在后續(xù)研究中，研究人員試圖

更好地了解小組成員在討論中實際做了什么。結(jié)合兩個問題，因此可知后續(xù)研究的重點是小組內(nèi)的討論過

程。故選C。

31.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容“AlthoughthestudiesledbyNavajashavelimitationsandmanyquestions

remain,thepotentialimplicationsforgroupdiscussionanddecisionmakingareenormous.（盡管Navajas領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的

研究有局限性，仍存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響是巨大的）”可知，作者認(rèn)為雖然Navajas

領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究有局限性也存在許多問題，但對小組討論和決策的潛在影響巨大。因此推斷作者對于Navajas

的研究表示一定的贊許和支持。故選D。

D

（2023春,湖南,高三湖南師大附中?？茧A段練習(xí)）ChatGPTisanewAIsystemthatsoundssohumanin

conversationsthatitcouldhostitsownradioprograms.Readingbetweenitsinstantlygenerated,perfectly

grammaticallines,peopleseedifferentvisionsofthefuture.Withoutdoubt,ChatGPTisimpressive.

SomeparetheemergenceofChatGPTtotheimpactoftheiPhone,butthatdoesn'tdoitjustice.ChatGPT,as

第12頁共25頁

wellasthegenerativeAIthatwillfollowandoutsmartit,ismoredisruptive.Andyet,thatdoesn'tnecessarily

meantheendoftheworldisuponus.Onthecontrary,ChatGPT,Iwouldargue,mightservetomakeusmore

awareofourirreplaceablehumanqualities.

Takethecreativeact,writinginparticular,asanexample.Ifyouwantitto,theAlpoweredchatbotalways

producessomethingbecauseithasthewholeworldofonlinedatatodrawfrom.Butunlikeus,itlacksthe

consciousness.Thinkingishard,criticalthinkingevenharder,andChatGPTisn'tgoodateither.Itjustrestates

whathasalreadybeensaid;itisonebigrecyclingmachine.

ThereisanotherobviouslimitationofChatGPT.PhilosopherHarryFrankfurtonceclaimed:thedifference

betweenabullshitter（胡說八道的人）andaliaristhattheliarknowswhatthetruthisbutdecidestotakethe

oppositedirection;abullshitter,however,hasnoregardforthetruthatall.TheAIscholarGaryMarcusapplies

thisdistinctiontoChatGPT.Hebelievesthatwehavereachedacriticalpointwhen“thepriceofbullshitreaches

zeroandpeoplewhowanttospreadmisinformation,eitherpoliticallyorjusttomakeaprofit,startdoingthat

plentifully^^.Unfortunately,ChatGPTwillreproducemisinformationfromanyofitsinputsources-itisnotan

intelligentsystemthattriestobalanceorweightdifferentperspectives.Inthissense,everythingthatChatGPT

writes