第二節(jié)形容詞和副詞第二講名詞、形容詞和副詞考點一

形容詞和副詞的用法1.形容詞(1)形容詞用法修飾名詞作定語;跟在系動詞后作表語;跟在賓語后作賓補;還可用作狀語,說明主語的情況。Ifeel

becausethisschooldiffersinmanywaysfrommypreviousone,ismuchbiggerandmoredynamicthanIexpected.(北師大必一U1)

我感到很興奮,因為這所學校在很多方面都與我以前的學校不同,比我想象的要大得多,也更有活力。excitedHeleft,leavingme

intheroom.

他離開了,把我一個人留在房間里。Somepeoplestoppedswimminginthesea,

thehorriblecreaturefromthefilm.(外研必二U6)

由于害怕遇上電影里描繪的這種可怕的生物,有些人不去海里游泳了。aloneafraidof(2)詞性轉換構成意義例詞名詞+-y充滿……的wind風→windy多風的;cloud云→cloudy多云的wealth財富→wealthy富有的health健康→healthy健康的名詞/動詞+-ful充滿……的;有……傾向的wonder驚奇→wonderful絕妙的;success成功→successful成功的;use使用→useful有用的;help幫助→helpful有幫助的;power力量→powerful強有力的;peace和平→peaceful和平的構成意義例詞名詞+-al/-ial與……有關的person人;個人→personal個人的;face臉→facial面部的;nature自然→natural自然的;culture文化→cultural文化的名詞+-ous有……性質的danger危險→dangerous危險的;glory光榮→glorious光榮的;humor幽默→humorous幽默的;religion宗教→religious宗教的名詞+-ish有……性質的child孩子→childish孩子氣的;self自我→selfish自私的構成意義例詞名詞/動詞+-ible/-able能……的;可……的access進入→accessible可進入的;reason理由→reasonable合理的;comfort舒適→comfortable舒適的;admire欽佩→admirable可欽佩的名詞/動詞+-ive有……性質的attract吸引→attractive有吸引力的;create創(chuàng)造→creative創(chuàng)造性的;expense花費→expensive昂貴的;effect效應→effective有效的名詞/動詞+-ly有……特征的friend朋友→friendly友好的;time時間→timely及時的;day一天→daily日常的;love愛→lovely可愛的構成意義例詞名詞/動詞+-less沒有……的end終止→endless無窮無盡的;aim目標→aimless無目標的;home家→homeless無家可歸的;use使用→useless無用的名詞+-en由……制成的wood木頭→wooden木制的;wool毛→woolen羊毛的名詞+-ern……方向的south南方→southern南方的;east東方→eastern東方的名詞/動詞+-ate具有……性質的fortune運氣→fortunate幸運的;consider考慮→considerate體貼的(3)由動詞的-ing形式或過去分詞轉化成的形容詞這類形容詞對應的動詞多為及物動詞,含有“使人……”的含義,其中與人的情感相關的動詞尤為常見,如excite(使人興奮)、interest(使人感興趣)等。此類動詞形成的-ing形容詞和-ed形容詞具有不同的特點:動詞原形動詞-ing形式的形容詞(常意為“令人……的”,描述主語或被修飾詞所具有的特征)過去分詞形式的形容詞(常意為“感到……的”,描述主語或被修飾詞所處的狀態(tài))exciteexciting令人興奮的→exciting

news令人興奮的消息excited感到興奮的→excited

voice興奮的聲音interestinteresting有趣的→interesting

story有趣的故事interested感興趣的→interested

audience感興趣的觀眾surprisesurprising令人驚訝的→surprising

speed驚人的速度surprised感到驚訝的→surprised

look驚訝的眼神/神情tiretiring令人疲倦的→tiring

work累人的工作tired感到疲倦的→tired

feet疲勞的雙腳pleasepleasing令人滿意的→pleasing

result令人滿意的結果pleased感到滿意的→pleased

customer滿意的顧客amazeamazing令人驚奇的→amazing

performance令人驚奇的表演amazed感到驚奇的→amazed

crowds驚愕的人群[點撥]

有些不及物動詞的過去分詞或動詞-ing形式也可轉化成形容詞,如fallen(落下的)、falling(正在下落的)。2.副詞副詞在句中作狀語,修飾動詞、形容詞、其他副詞或全句。Henoticedthatthesaucerwasanantiqueandveryvaluable,sohewalked

(casual)intothestoreand

(innocent)offeredtobuythecatfor20dollars.(北師大選二U4)

他注意到淺碟是件古董,很值錢,于是他漫不經心地走進店里,裝作若無其事地想用20美元買那只貓。casuallyinnocently

(fortunate)thereweresomepeoplewaitingtocrossatthetrafficlight,sotheyquicklyranovertothecarandcheckedthatthedriverwasfine,andthenpushedthecarbackontoitswheels.(北師大選二U4)

幸運的是,當時有一些人正在紅綠燈前等待過馬路,所以他們很快跑到車旁,確認司機無恙后,然后把車扶正。Fortunately考點二

形容詞變副詞的規(guī)則類別例詞直接加-lyclear→clearly清楚地;great→greatly很,大大地以“輔音字母+-y”結尾的形容詞,變y為i再加-lyhappy→happily高興地;heavy→heavily沉重地詞尾為-le的形容詞,去掉e,再加-y(whole例外)terrible→terribly極度地;gentle→gently輕柔地whole→wholly整個地類別例詞詞尾為-ue結尾的形容詞,去掉e,再加-lytrue→truly真實地詞尾為-ll結尾的形容詞,直接加-yfull→fully充分地;完全地;dull→dully遲鈍地詞尾為-ic結尾的形容詞,加-ally(public例外)basic→basically基本上scientific→scientifically合乎科學地public→publicly公開地;公然地Peoplemight

(gentle)mockpeopleinpositionsofpower“mybosscan’trunabath,letalonethiscompany!”(北師大選二U4)

人們可能會溫和地嘲笑位高權重的人“我的老板連浴室都開不了,更別說運營這家公司了!”WhenHelengothernewballetshoes,shesmiled,putthemonanddancedaround

(happy).(北師大選二U4)

當海倫拿到她的新芭蕾舞鞋時,她笑了,高興地穿上新鞋跳起舞來。gentlyhappilyThisfamousattraction,Yuzui,togetherwithtwootherimportantparts,namely,FeishayanandBaopingkou,was

(scientific)designedtocontrolthewaterflowthroughouttheyear.(人教選四U2)

這個著名的景點“魚嘴”,連同另外兩個重要的部分,即“飛沙巖”和“保平口”,都是為了控制全年的水流量而科學設計的。scientifically考點三

形容詞和副詞的比較等級1.比較級和最高級的構成(1)規(guī)則變化①單音節(jié)以及少數雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級后加-er和-est構成,如clever—cleverer—cleverest。其他特殊變化見下表:特殊情況構成方法例詞以不發(fā)音的字母-e結尾加-r和-stbrave—braver—bravest以“輔音字母+-y”結尾變y為i,再加-er和-esthappy—happier—happiest以重讀閉音節(jié)結尾,且詞尾只有一個輔音字母雙寫詞尾,再加-er和-esthot—hotter—hottest②多音節(jié)和部分雙音節(jié)形容詞和副詞,在原級前加more和most構成。active—moreactive—mostactivehappily—morehappily—mosthappily[點撥]

①有少數幾個雙音節(jié)形容詞,既可以加-er和-est,又可以加more和most構成比較級和最高級。這些雙音節(jié)詞是:common、handsome、quiet、pleasant、cruel、stupid、secure和以-ow、-er結尾的詞。②有些形容詞沒有程度可分或形容詞本身就表示某種程度,因此沒有比較級和最高級。這類形容詞有:right、wrong、excellent、complete、empty、first、wooden、final、east、last等。(2)不規(guī)則變化原級比較級最高級good,wellbetterbestbad,badly,illworseworstmany,muchmoremostlittlelessleastfar·farther[指時間或空間上“更遠(的)”]·further[指空間距離“更遠(的)”;在更大程度上]·farthest[指時間或空間上“最久(的);最遠(的)”]·furthest[指空間距離“最遠(的)”;在最大程度上]oldolder/elderoldest/eldest2.比較等級的常用句型(1)同級比較:“as+形容詞/副詞的原級+as”,其否定形式是“notas/so+形容詞/副詞的原級+as”。Bodylanguageis

wordsincommunicatingwithotherpeople.(人教選一U4)

在與他人交流時,肢體語言與言語同樣重要。asimportantas(2)比較級:“形容詞/副詞的比較級+than”;“more/less+多音節(jié)或某些雙音節(jié)的形容詞或副詞+than”。常見的修飾比較級的詞有any、much、even、far、byfar、alot、agreatdeal等。Featuresare“peoplestories”,andaretypically

standardnewsstories.(外研必一U3)

特寫是“人物故事”,通常比標準新聞故事要長。longerthan(3)最高級:“the+形容詞的最高級(+名詞)+比較范圍(in/of/among短語)”;“oneofthe+形容詞的最高級+名詞復數”。常用來修飾最高級的詞有byfar、almost以及序數詞等。ThefirstofthepoetscomingtherewasRobertSouthey,oneof

poetsofhistime.(外研選三U6)

第一個來到這里的詩人是羅伯特·索塞,他是那個時代最受尊敬的詩人之一。themostrespected(4)“比較級+and+比較級”或“moreandmore/lessandless+原級”表示“越來越……”。Whenpassengerdronesareflyingaboveourcitiesinlargequantities,theskywillbegetting

.(譯林選二U4)

當大量的客運無人機在我們的城市上空飛行時,天空將變得越來越擁擠。moreandmorecrowded(5)“the+比較級+主語+謂語,the+比較級+主語+謂語”,表示“越……就越……”。

youknowaboutourtraditionalculture,

youareinterestedinit.

你對我們的傳統文化了解得越多,你就對它越感興趣。(6)“the+比較級+of(the)+名詞/代詞”,表示“(兩者中)較……的”。Ofthetwocameras,Iwouldprefer

,

whichisveryeasyformetocarry.這兩個照相機中,我喜歡較小的那個,對我來說它很容易攜帶。Themorethemorethesmallerone3.比較級表達最高級含義(1)“否定詞+比較級”或“否定詞+such/so...as”結構表示最高級含義。Nothingcouldbe

ifsomeoneofferedtohelpthem.

如果有人主動提出幫助他們,那就再好不過了。better(2)比較級在以下幾種結構中均表示最高級含義:·比較級+than+anyother+單數名詞·比較級+than+alltheother+復數名詞·比較級+than+anyoftheother+復數名詞TheYangtzeRiveris

inChina.

長江比中國的其他任何一條河都長。/長江是中國最長的河。longerthananyotherriver/thanalltheotherrivers/thananyoftheotherrivers4.倍數表達法常見的倍數表達法句型主要有:(1)A+is+倍數+比較級+than+B(2)A+is+倍數+as+原級+as+B(3)A+is+倍數+the+名詞(size、length、height等)+of+B(4)the+名詞(size、length、height等)+of+A+is+倍數+that+of+B(5)A+is+倍數+what引導的名詞性從句Itsprofitsarerising

theaveragecompany.其利潤正以快于一般公司4倍的速度增長。fourtimesfasterthan1.根據句子成分判斷是形容詞還是副詞(1)若句子缺定語、表語或補語,要首先想到用形容詞。(2)當設空處作狀語時,要首先考慮填副詞?！镜淅?】

The

(evident)growingChineseonlineliteratureinoverseasmarketsoffersatotallynewworldwidelensintounderstandingChina.

答案

evidently

[此處作狀語修飾growing,應用副詞形式,故填evidently。]【典例2】

KunquOperaisconsideredChina’soldestoperaformandoneofthemost

(influence)theatricaltraditions.

答案

influential

[此處修飾名詞traditions,需用形容詞作定語,故填influential。]2.看到與than連用,要想到用比較級【典例1】

TheAIinspection,poweredbycameras,drones(無人機)andwalkingrobots,iscapableofcompletingataskin

(little)thanfiveminutes.

答案

less

[根據空后的than可知,空處應用比較級,little的比較級是less,構成短語less

than,意為“少于”。故填less。]【典例2】

Afterafewmonths,weallfeltthatwehadbeenabletobuildmuch

(strong)relationshipswiththefamilythanwehadbefore.

答案

stronger

[根據句中的比較級標志詞than可知,本句應用比較級,表示幾個月后的情況與之前的情況進行比較,much用于修飾比較級。]3.看到and、but、or等連詞前或后用的比較等級形式,要想到用比較等級【典例】

Theywerealsothebestand

(bad)yearsinmylife.(全國Ⅲ卷)

答案

worst

[由并列連詞and前面的“the

best”可知,此處應用形容詞的最高級形式。]4.看到語境中暗含的比較含義,要想到用比較級(二者之間)或最高級(三者及以上)【典例】

Afterourplanelanded,wewenttothehotel.Wehadmadeourreservationsixmonths

(early),butthemanatthefrontdesksaidtherehadbeenamistake.

答案

earlier

[由had

made可知該動作發(fā)生在到達旅館之前,故應該是早在六個月之前我們就已經預訂了,故用比較級earlier。]5.看到下列固定搭配,要想到用比較等級(1)the+比較級...,the+比較級...【典例1】

The

(hard)youtrytobeathim,themorelikelyyouwillgethit.

答案

harder

[分析句子結構可知,此句為“the+比較級...,the+比較級...”句式,表示“越……,就越……”。故填harder。](2)the+最高級+標志性詞語或從句【典例2】

Mymummakesthe

(good)biscuitsintheworld,soIdecidedtoaskherforhelp.

答案

best

[此處前面有the,后面有表示范圍的“in

the

world”,所以應該用形容詞的最高級。]層級一

模擬達標練1.Nearly4,000unearthedculturalrelicsaredisplayedinthemuseum.Morethanthreequartersofthesehaveneverbeen

(public)exhibitedbefore.(2025·山東名?？荚嚶撁烁呷?

2.Oneofthe

(remarkable)featuresofChineseoperaisitsintegration(融合)ofsinging,dancing,acting,andacrobatics.(2025·保定九縣高三三模)

publiclymostremarkable3.TheNanjingHongshanForestZoo,oncestrugglingtosustainits

(survive),hasundergonearemarkableturnaround.(2025·濟寧高三二模)

4.“Thisreflectedthecompany’s

(commit)tohelpingchildrenbelieveinthemselvesthroughsports,”itsaid.(2025·邯鄲高三二模)

5.Duetotemperatureriseandsafetyconcerns,the

(huge)popularHarbinIceandSnowWorlddroppeditscurtainonThursdayevening.(2025·榆林高三三模)

survivalcommitmenthugely6.Lanternswithmodernthemessuchascartooncharacters,culturaltrendsandonlinegamesaregaining

(popular)amongyoungpeople.(2025·南昌高三二模)

7.NorthernChinaexperiencescold,anddrywinters,andhotsummers,makingcaloriesandsaltreplacementeven

(important).(2025·三門峽高三三模)

8.Thetaskaimedtodevelopstudents’

(innovation)thinking.(2025·廣西柳州高三三模)

popularitymoreimportantinnovative9.PartsofAsiaarenowgoingthrougha

(rapid)agingfarmerpopulationandafearoffood

(short).(2025·蕪湖高三模擬)

10.Thechangingof

(face)make-upsandcolorsreflectsa

(character)mood—redrepresentingangerandblackextremefury.(2025·寧德高三三模)

rapidlyshortagefacialcharacter’s層級二

高考真題練1.Thelatestengineeringtechniquesareappliedtocreatethisprotective

(function)structurethatisalsobeautiful.(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)

2.Incoldweather,thestructurestays

(close)toprotecttheplants.(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)3.Theyallagreedandvowed(承諾)topromotetheideaatthe

(complete)oftheirjourney.(2024·全國甲卷)

functionalclosedcompletion4.Yellowstonewasthe

(large)UnitedStatesnationalpark—2.2millionacres—untilWrangell-SaintEliasinsouthernAlaskatookthehonorsasanationalparkin1980with12.3millionacres.(2024·全國甲卷)

5.TheseplantsincludedmodernWestern

(favourite)suchasrosemary,lavenderandfennel.(2024·新課標Ⅰ卷)

6.Althoughtheycouldneverhavemet,therearecommon

(theme)intheirworks.(2024·新課標Ⅱ卷)

largestfavouritesthemes7.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe

(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,Ihavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableand

(confidence)speakingEnglish.(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)

8.So,whataretheylearning?

(basic),howtodescribeapanda’slife.(2023·新課標Ⅱ卷)

arrivalconfidentBasically9.Xiao

long

bao

(soupdumplings),thoseamazingconstructionsofdelicatedumplingwrappersencasinghot,

(taste)soupandsweet,freshmeat,arefarandawaymyfavoriteChinesestreetfood.(2023·新課標Ⅰ卷)

10.Beijingisalsoaplacewith21st-centuryarchitectural

(wonder)standingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.(2023·全國乙卷改編)

tastywonders層級三

語篇提能練(2023·浙江1月卷改編)DuringChina’s1.

(dynasty)period,emperorsplannedthecityofBeijingandarrangedtheresidentialareasaccordingtosocial2.

(class).Theterm“hutong”,3.___________(original)meaning“waterwell”inMongolian,appearedfirstduringtheYuanDynasty.

IntheMingDynasty,thecenterwastheForbiddenCity,surroundedinconcentric(同心的)circlesbytheInnerCityandOuterCity.Citizensofhighersocialclasseswerepermittedtolive4.________(close)tothecenterofthecircles.Thelargesiheyuanofthesehigh-rankingofficialsand5.

(wealth)businessmenoftenfeatured6.

(beautiful)carvedandpaintedroofbeamsandpillars(