高三英語閱讀理解(社會文化)(一)解題方法和技巧及練習(xí)題含解析一、高中英語閱讀理解社會文化類1．閱讀理解

InIndia,oneofthemostsignificantfestivalsisDiwali,whichfallsbetweenOctoberandNovember.It'safive-daycelebrationthatincludesgoodfood,fireworks,coloredsand,andspecialcandlesandlamps.

InhonorofLakshmi,theHindugoddessofwealth,peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare,succcss,andwell-being.Peoplewelcomethegoddessintotheirhomesbydecoratingentranceswithcolorfullanternsandtraditionaldesigns.Inaddition,manypeopletreatthemselvestofinejewelry,prayingforgoodfortune.Thosewhocannotaffordsomuch,seekoutcheaperitemssuchasclothesorhouseholdgoods.

TheseconddayofthefestivaliscalledKaliChaudas.Forsome,thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.

Thethirddayiswhenthebiggestcelebrationsoccur,whichbeginearlyinthemorningwithavisittoatempletoseektheblessingsofthegoddess.Asthesunsets,festivalobserverslightuptheirhomeswithsmalllampsandenjoydelicioustraditionalfoodswiththeirlovedones.

Thefestival'sfourthdayiscelebratedinmanydifferentways.Friendsandrelativesvisitwithgifts,sweetsandbestwishesfortheseason.

AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj

Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.

ForchildreninIndia,DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts,newclothes,amazingfood,and,inthepastatleast,alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.（1）PeoplecelebratethefirstdayofDiwalimainlyfor______.A.goodfortune.B.colorfullanternsC.expensivejewelryD.traditionaldesigns（2）What'stheprobablepurposeofcreating"rangoli"onthefloor?A.Todesigntraditionalpatterns.B.Toproducecoloredpowderorsand.C.Tohelpgetridofbadluck.D.Toproduceanopportunityinbusiness.（3）Whatisamanlikelytodoonthelastdayofthefestival?A.Exchangegiftsandbestwisheswithhislovedones.B.Bebusydecoratinghishomeduringtheday.C.Gettogetherwithhissistersandbrothers.D.Lightuphishomewithsmalllamps.（4）Whichofthefollowingmaynotbeareasonforchildren'sloveofDiwali?A.Havingaweekoff.B.GettingChristmasgifts.C.Enjoyingamazingfood.D.Settingofffireworks.【答案】（1）A（2）C（3）C（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了印度最重要的節(jié)日之一——排燈節(jié)。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“InhonorofLakshmi，theHindugoddessofwealth，peoplemakespecialprayersonthefirstdaytoobtainblessingsforwelfare，succcss，andwell-being.”印度人慶祝排燈節(jié)第一天是為了獲得生活，成功，為人方面的好運。故選A。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Forsome，thedayprovidesanopportunitytodriveawaymisfortunefromhomesandbusinesses.Theydecoratetheirhomeswithclaylampsandcreatedesignpatternscalledrangolionthefloorusingcoloredpowderorsand.”在排燈節(jié)為了驅(qū)散家里和生意的霉運，印度人會在地上用彩色粉或沙子創(chuàng)造出rangoli形狀。故選C。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“AndthefinaldayofthefestivaliscalledBhaiOooj.Ithonorstheclosebondbetweenbrothersandsistersandisobservedwithtraditionalceremoniesandmoredeliciousfood.”排燈節(jié)最后一天是紀(jì)念兄弟姐妹親密紐帶的日子?？芍@天男子會和自己的兄弟姐妹在一起。故選C。（4）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段中的“ForchildreninIndia，DiwaliissimilartoChristmas.Theygetallentireweekofffromschoolandaretreatedtogifts，newclothes，amazingfood，and，inthepastatleast，alargenumberoffireworks.Itisnowonderthatthefestivalrankshighamongthecountry'sfavoritecelebrations.”印度孩子們喜歡排燈節(jié)因為

他們可以放假一周，吃美味食物，還有大量煙花，沒有說收到圣誕節(jié)禮物。故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并結(jié)合題目要求，從而選出正確答案。2．閱讀理解

APG-13ratingisastricterwarningbytheRatingBoardtoparentstodeterminewhethertheirchildrenunderage13shouldviewthefilm.APG-13filmmaygobeyondthePGratingintheme,violence,nudity(裸露),language,adultactivitiesorotherelements,butdoesnotreachtherestrictedRcategory.

ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanbriefnuditywillrequireatleastaPG-13rating,butsuchnudityinPG-13ratedfilmgenerallywillnotbesexuallyoriented.TheremaybeviolencesceneinaPG-13movie,butgenerallynotbothrealisticandextremeorpersistentviolence.

Asingleuseofoneoftherudewordsinafilm,thoughonlyasanexpletive(感嘆語),initiallyrequiresatleastaPG-13rating.MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.TheRatingBoardneverthelessmayratesuchafilmPG-13if,basedonaspecialvotebyatwo-thirdsmajority,theRatersfeelthatmostAmericanparentswouldbelievethataPG-13ratingisappropriatebecauseofthecontextormannerinwhichthewordsareusedorbecausetheuseofthosewordsinthefilmiseasilyneglected.（1）Whatisthemaingoalofthispassage?A.Todiscussvariousmovieratings.B.Toexplainvariousmovieratings.C.ToexplainthedifferencebetweenPG-13andRmovieratings.D.ToexplainthePG-13movierating.（2）AccordingtoPG-13rating,thethemeofthemovie__________.A.haslittleimpactonitsratingB.hasalargeimpactonitsratingC.shouldbeentertainingD.shouldbesuitableforchildren（3）FromParagraph2,wecanlearnthatdrugusage__________.A.shouldnotbeallowedinmoviesB.isdangerousC.makesaPG-13ratingnecessaryD.isnotappropriateforchildrenunder13（4）Whatdoesamoviewithtwoormoreusesofbadwordsrequire?A.APGrating.B.APG-13rating.C.AnRrating.D.AnNC-17rating.【答案】（1）D（2）A（3）C（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。PG-13級是電影分級委員會對家長發(fā)出的更嚴(yán)格的警告，目的是決定13歲以下的孩子是否應(yīng)該看這部電影。文章介紹了PG-13電影分級。（1）考查推理判斷。縱觀全文可知，本文從主題、暴力、裸體、語言、成人活動方面解釋了PG-13的電影分級。全文目的在于解釋PG-13。故選D。（2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“ThethemeofthefilmbyitselfwillnotresultinaratinggreaterthanPG-13,althoughactivitiesshowninthefilmrelatedtoamaturethememayresultinarestrictedratingforthefilm.”，電影的主題本身不會導(dǎo)致評級大于PG-13，盡管在電影中出現(xiàn)的與成熟主題相關(guān)的活動可能會導(dǎo)致對電影的限制評級。此可知，電影的主題對PG-13評級影響不大。故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“AnydrugusewillinitiallyrequireatleastaPG-13rating.”任何藥物使用最初都需要至少達(dá)到PG-13級別?？芍?，藥物使用使PG-13評級是必要的。故選C。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“MorethanonesuchbadwordrequiresanRrating,asmustevenoneofthosewordsusedinasexualcontext.”，一部有兩個或兩個以上臟話用法的電影需要滿足R級。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。3．閱讀理解

Shakespeare'sGlobeExhibition&TourisauniqueinternationalresourcetoexploreShakespeare'swork.Openallyearround,itgivesyouanopportunitytolearnmoreaboutthemostfamousplaywright(劇作家),Shakespeare,andhelpsyouseektofurthertheexperienceandinternationalunderstandingofhim.

GroupVisitstotheExhibition&Tour

OpeningHours

TheatreTours:

Monday-Sunday:

9:30a.m.-5:00p.m.

Exhibition:

Monday-Sunday:

9:00a.m.-5:00p.m.

Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit,andeachgroupwillhaveitsownguideforfree.Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.

ExhibitionandTourPrices

Adult:

$15.00

Senior(60+):

$13.50

Student(withvalidID):

$11.50

Child(5-15):

$8.00

Complimentary:

Every16thpersonfree

Gettinghere

Shakespeare'sGlobe21NewGlobeWalk,LondonSEl9DT,UK

Wehavecurrentlyimprovedsecurity,withallbagsbeingchecked.Pleasearriveingoodtime,anddonotbringanylargebagsandcheckthecalendarbeforeyourvisitorcall+44(0)2079021500tofindoutaboutourlatestopeningtimes.

Visitorsareadvisedtoarrivebypublictransportorbytaxi.ThereisacarparkonThamesExchangeonthenorthsideofSouthwarkBridge(open24hours,sevendaysaweek).CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge.ItmayalsobepossibletopickoneupfromoutsidetheentrancehallonNewGlobeWalk.

Wheretoeat

SwanatShakespeare'sGlobeservesmodernBritishseasonalfoodfordinner,afternoonteaordrinksinourbeautifulbarandrestaurantsetovertwofloors,availableforpre-andpost-theatredining.

SwanRestaurant

Monday-Friday:

12noon-2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.-10:30p.m.

Saturday:

12noon-3:30p.m.&6:00p.m.

Sunday:

12noon-9:00p.m.（1）Whencanyoupayavisittotheexhibition?A.

Fridayat12:00p.m.

B.

Mondayat8:00a.m.C.

Saturdayat5:30p.m.

D.

Sundayat7:00p.m.（2）Ifagroupof20childrenvisittheExhibition&Tour,whatisrequiredforthemtodo?A.

Theyneedtohireaguidethemselves.B.

Theymustbeaccompaniedbyanadult.C.

Theyhavetopay$160forticketsintotal.D.

Theyneedtoemailforareservationinadvance.（3）Whichofthefollowingappliestovisitors?A.

They'reabletogetataxinearSouthwarkBridge.B.

TheycanparkonthesouthsideofSouthwarkBridge.C.

Theyarerequiredtodeposittheirbagsbeforeentering.D.

It'smoreconvenienttodrivetherethantakingpublictransport.（4）WhatcanweknowaboutSwanRestaurant?A.

AfternoonleaisnotservedonSunday.B.

Itservestraditionalseasonalfoodfordiner.C.

Itisclosedfrom3p.m.to5p.m.onworkdays.D.

Itservesthreemeals,drinksandafternoontea.【答案】（1）A（2）D（3）A（4）C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，向游客介紹了參觀莎士比亞環(huán)球展廳的相關(guān)服務(wù)信息。（1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)“Exhibition‘Monday-Sunday:9:00a.m.-5:00p.m.’”可知，展覽從周一到周日上午9點到下午5點營業(yè)。所以在周五下午兩點能夠參觀展覽。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Exhibition部分中的“Groupsof15peopleormorearerequiredtopre-booktheirvisit...Tomakeareservation,pleasefillinaGroupRequestFormandreturnittousviaemail.”可知，15人或以上的團(tuán)體須預(yù)先預(yù)訂其行程。如欲訂購，請?zhí)顚憟F(tuán)體申請表，并通過電子郵件返回給我們。所以如果有20名兒童參觀參觀展廳，他們需要通過電子郵件提前預(yù)定。故選D。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Gettinghere部分中的“CabsmaybefoundallyearroundonSouthwarkBridge”可知，在SouthwarkBridge可能全年都有出租車。所以判斷出游客能在SouthwarkBridge附近打到出租車。故選A。（4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)SwanRestaurant部分中的“Monday-Friday:12noon-2:30p.m.&6:00p.m.-10:30p.m.”可知，天鵝賓館的營業(yè)時間是周一至周五中午12點到下午2：30，下午6點到晚上10:30。所以判斷出周一至周五工作日期間，下午3點到下午5點是閉館的。故選C?！军c評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇介紹類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確掌握細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解

InKorea,itisrudetowearshoesinsidesomeone'shousebecauseitisconsidereddirty.InSaudiArabia,youshouldnotbringfoodtosomeone'shousebecausetakingfoodordrinksuggeststhatyouthinkthehostcannotaffordthemeal.Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldaretravellingabroadtostudy,togoonvacation,ortowork,andwhileitcanbeagreatwaytolearnaboutothercultures,theremaybetimeswhentravelersaccidentallyannoytheirhost.

Thesamegesturecanhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.ThegesturemeaningOKintheUnitedStatesmeanssomethingcompletelydifferentinBrazilasEllaYaodiscovered.EllahadtravelledtoBraziltostudyandwaslivingwithahostfamily.Duringdinner,herhostaskedEllaifshewasenjoyingthemeal.Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.

WhiletravellinginThailand,ElizabethBrownlearnedthattherearedifferencesinfoodintheUnitedStatesandThailand.Shestoppedatasmall,family-ownedrestaurantinChiangMaiandorderedspringrolls.Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.Shecomplainedtotheserver.Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.

Allthesemistakescanbeavoidedwithsomeresearchonculturaldifferencesbeforeyougoabroad.However,ifyoudoaccidentallyannoysomeone,quicklyapologize,andlearnfromyourmistake.（1）ForwhatreasondidEllamakeherhostangry?A.

Shespokewithhermouthfull.

B.

Herhostmisunderstoodhergesture.C.

Shedidn'tlikethemealherhostprepared.

D.

Herhostdidn'tlikeusingbodylanguage.（2）WhathappenedtoElizabethBrowninaThairestaurant?A.

Sheateaninsect.

B.

Shewasbadlytreated.C.

Shearguedwiththeserver.

D.

Shelearnedinsectsarewelcomethere.（3）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A.

Whatmatters

B.

WheninRome

C.

Howtobepolite

D.

Whymakemistakes【答案】（1）B（2）D（3）B【解析】【分析】這是一篇關(guān)于風(fēng)俗文化的文章。文章介紹了在韓國穿著鞋子在家里是不禮貌的和OK這個手勢在美國和巴西的不同以及泰國的飲食文化，告訴我們?yōu)榱吮苊庹`會一定要學(xué)會你所想去國家的文化即入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，如果我們不小心觸碰到了他們的文化要立刻道歉并改正。（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.可知，她因為嘴里有東西故用手勢表示OK，但這個手勢在主人所在國家是非常粗魯?shù)囊馑?，所以主人生氣是因為誤會了她，故選B。（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy(佳肴)insomecountries.可知，昆蟲在一些國家也是佳肴，故選D。注意A項錯誤，文章是說Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.她發(fā)現(xiàn)有只昆蟲在春卷里，并沒有提到她吃了昆蟲。（3）主旨大意題。本文講了不同國家有不同的風(fēng)俗，并告訴我們要入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，故B項“WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo”即入鄉(xiāng)隨俗，適合作文章題目。5．閱讀理解

Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere.

PopularmusicinAmericaiswhateverystudentlikes.Studentscarrysmallradioswithearphonesandlistentomusicbeforeclass,afterclassandatlunch.Studentswithcarsbuylargespeakers(揚聲器)andplaythemusicloudlyastheydriveonthestreet.

Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports,theweather,politics,andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.Butmostoftheradiobroadcastismusic.

Poporpopularmusicsingersmakemuchmoney.TheymakeaCDortapewhichradiostationsuseineverystate.Oncethepopularsingerisheardthroughoutthecountry,youngpeoplebuyhisorhertapes.Someofthemoneyfromthesetapescomestothesinger.Whereverthesingergoes,alltheyoungpeoplewanttomeethimorher.Nowthesingerhasbecomeanationalstar.

Besidespopmusic,therearetwootherkindsofmusicthatisimportanttoAmericans.Oneiscalledfolkmusic.IttellsstoriesaboutthecommonlifeofAmericans.Theotheriscalledwesternorcountrymusic.Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today,anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.

Seriousmusicfortheconcerthallsiscalledclassicalmusic.Musicforinstrumentsiscalledorchestramusic,suchasthesymphonies(交響樂)ofBeethoven.Thereisoperaforsingers,balletfordancerslikethestoryofLiangShanboandZhuYingtaiinChina.（1）Inwhatwaycanmusicberegardedasaninternationallanguage?A.Popularmusiciswhateveryoneenjoys.B.Thewonderfulsongsarepopularwiththeworldpeople.C.Whenmusicisplayed,itseemsasifitwerespeakingtous.D.Musicistoopopularforeveryonetobeabletoplayit.（2）WhatcanweknowaboutmusicandpeopleinAmerica?A.Adultdriverslistentonewsaswellasmusicwhentheydrivetowork.B.Adultdriversneverlistentomusicwhentheydrivetowork.C.Studentdriverscarrysmallradioswithearphoneswhentheydriveonthestreets.D.Studentsalwayslistentomusicbeforeclass,inclassandafterclass.（3）WhichofthefollowingstatementisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A.AllpeopleinAmericalikepopularmusic.B.Popsingerscangetallthemoneyfromthetapes.C.LiangShanboandZhuYingtaiisakindofpopmusicinChina.D.Now，westernorcountrymusicisalittledifferentfromitsbeginning.（4）What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A.Internationallanguage.B.MusicinAmerica.C.Popmusic.D.Musiclisteners.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了美國的幾種音樂。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Musicisaninternationallanguage.Thesongsthataresungorplayedbyinstrumentsarebeautifultoallpeopleeverywhere”可知，音樂是一種世界性的語言，用樂器演唱或演奏的歌曲對世界各地的人們來說都是美麗的，因此推斷美妙的歌曲深受世界人民的歡迎。故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Adultdriverslistentomusiconthecarradioastheydrivetowork.Theyalsolistentothenewsaboutsports，theweather，politics，andactivitiesoftheAmericanpeople.”可知，成年司機(jī)開車上班時聽汽車收音機(jī)里的音樂，他們還收聽體育新聞，天氣，政治，和美國人民的活動。A項正確。其他三項描述都不正確。故選A。（3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Thiswasstartedbycowboyswhowouldsingatnighttothecowstheywerewatching.Today，anymusicaboutcountrylifeandthelovebetweenacountryboyandhisgirliscalledwesternorcountrymusic.”可知，如今的鄉(xiāng)村音樂與過去是不同的。當(dāng)初它是牛仔唱給牛聽的，但現(xiàn)在它是任何關(guān)于鄉(xiāng)村生活或鄉(xiāng)村青年愛情的音樂。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。從文中各段的描述看，本文主要講的是美國的音樂種類。故選B。【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解

Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism(相對主義),aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.Suchaview,however,failstoexplaintheabilityofsomeworksofarttoexcitethehumanmindacrossculturesandthroughcenturies.

HistoryhaswitnessedtheendlessproductionsofShakespeareanplaysineverymajorlanguageoftheworld.ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries,Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.Theyhavesetthemselvesapartintheirtimelessappealandwillprobablybeenjoyedforcenturiesintothefuture.

Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause"thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不變的)inhumannature,"thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.HeobservedthatHomerwasstilladmiredaftertwothousandyears.Worksofthistype,hebelieved,spoketodeepandunvaryingfeaturesofhumannatureandcouldcontinuetoexistovercenturies.

Nowresearchersareapplyingscientificmethodstothestudyoftheuniversalityofart.Forexample,evolutionarypsychologyisbeingusedbyliteraryscholarstoexplainthelong-lastingthemesandplotdevicesinfiction.Thestructuresofmusicalpiecesarenowopentoexperimentalanalysisasneverbefore.Researchfindingsseemtoindicatethatthecreationbyagreatartistisaspermanentanachievementasthediscoverybyagreatscientist.（1）Accordingtothepassage,whatdoweknowaboutculturalrelativism?A.

Itintroducesdifferentculturalvalues.B.

Itexplainsthehistoryofartisticworks.C.

Itrelatesartisticvaluestolocalconditions.D.

Itexcitesthehumanmindthroughouttheworld.（2）InParagraph2,theartistsarementionedinordertoshowthat_____.A.

greatworksofartcangobeyondnationalboundariesB.

historygivesartworksspecialappealtosetthemapartC.

popularartsarehardlydistinguishablefromgreatartsD.

greatartistsareskilledatcombiningvariouscultures（3）AccordingtoHume,someworksofartcanexistforcenturiesbecause_____.A.

theyareresultsofscientificstudyB.

theyestablishsomegeneralprinciplesofartC.

theyarecreatedbytheworld'sgreatestartistsD.

theyappealtounchangingfeaturesofhumannature（4）Whichofthefollowingcanbestserveasthetitleofthepassage?A.

AreArtisticValuesUniversal?

B.

ArePopularArtsPermanent?C.

IsHumanNatureUniform?

D.

IsCulturalRelativismScientific?【答案】（1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了根據(jù)文化相對主義，藝術(shù)作品在永恒受歡迎的原因是人類的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開說明。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Thevaluesofartisticworks,accordingtoculturalrelativism(相對主義),aresimplyreflectionsoflocalsocialandeconomicconditions.”可知根據(jù)相對主義，藝術(shù)作品就是把藝術(shù)的價值與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?jīng)濟(jì)條件結(jié)合在一塊，故選C。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“ItisneverraretofindthatMozartpacksJapaneseconcerthalls,asJapanesepainterHiroshigedoesParisgalleries,Uniqueworksofthiskindaredifferentfromtoday'spopularart,eveniftheybeganasworksofpopularart.”可知不會把莫扎特與日本的音樂進(jìn)行比較，正如日本的畫作與巴黎的畫廊進(jìn)行比較，藝術(shù)作品是沒有國界的，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“Ina1757essay,thephilosopherDavidHumearguedthatbecause‘thegeneralprinciplesoftasteareuniform(不變的)inhumannature,"thevalueofsomeworksofartmightbeessentiallypermanent.’”可知Davide曾辯論到風(fēng)格的原則上是沒有變化的，所以一些藝術(shù)是可能會永生的，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文主要從相對論的角度來說，藝術(shù)的價值只能反應(yīng)當(dāng)時的社會經(jīng)濟(jì)，但作者提出不同的觀點，故選A?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。7．閱讀理解

Aftershoppingfordealsinstoreson"BlackFriday",oronlineon"CyberMonday",Americansandpeopleworldwidearepreparingfornewlypopular"GivingTuesday".Startingin2012,nowtheglobaleventthatiscelebratedannuallyontheTuesdayafterThanksgivingisthebrainchildof92ndStreetY,aculturalcenterinNewYorkCityandUnitedNationsFoundation.

Asthenameindicates,GivingTuesdayismeanttorestartthecharitableseasonandthereforeobservedbyraisingfundsforlocalnonprofitsandschools,organizingfoodandclothingdrives,andconductingrandomactsofkindness.In2015,700,000peoplefrom71countriescametogethertodonate$116.7millionincash.Anadditional$1.08millionwasspentongifts.

Whiletheeasiestwaytoparticipateisbydonatingtoyourfavoritecharity,thisdaycanbecelebratedinmanyotherwaystoo.Youcangivebackbyvolunteeringatyourlocalshelterorfoodbank,orevenbydonatingblood.Ifallelsefails,apurchasefromthegrowingnumberoforganizationsthatgiveaportionoftheirsalestocharitywilldothetrick.

Butperhapsthebestwaytocelebratethedayisbyhelpingthosenearestanddearesttoyou.Assistafamilymemberwithasimplechorelikefoldinglaundry,cookingdinner,orevenreadingtoayoungersibling.Nomatterwhatyoudo,besuretoshareyougooddeedonsocialmediaandinspireotherstocelebrateGivingTuesdayaswell!（1）Whichofthefollowinghastheshortesthistory?A.

BlackFriday

B.

GivingTuesday

C.

ThanksgivingDay

D.

CyberMonday（2）What'sthemainpurposeof"GivingTuesday"?A.

TomakeThanksgivingDayenjoyable

B.

TogetvoluntaryworkbetterknownC.

Toencouragemorepeopletodocharities

D.

Topersuademorepeopletoshoponline（3）Whydoestheauthoradvisesharinggooddeedsonsocialmedia?A.

Tokeeparecordofone'sexperience

B.

TohelppeoplemakenewfriendsC.

Todonatemoneytolocalschools

D.

TomakeGivingTuesdaymorepopular（4）Whichsectionofawebsitedoesthenextprobablycomefrom?A.

Education

B.

Culture

C.

Lifestyle

D.

Business【答案】（1）B（2）C（3）D（4）B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了GivingTuesday（給予星期二）。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Aftershoppingfordealsinstoreson‘BlackFriday’,oronlineon‘CyberMonday’,Americansandpeopleworldwidearepreparingfornewlypopular‘GivingTuesday’"可知在"黑色星期五"或"網(wǎng)絡(luò)星期一"購物后，美國人和世界各地的人都在為新流行的"給予星期二"做準(zhǔn)備，"給予星期二"是一個新流行，說明它最近才出現(xiàn)，應(yīng)該是歷史最短的，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“Asthenameindicates,GivingTuesdayismeanttorestartthecharitableseasonandthereforeobservedbyraisingfundsforlocalnonprofitsandschools,organizingfoodandclothingdrives,andconductingrandomactsofkindness.”可知"給予星期二"是為了重新啟動慈善活動季，因此，人們會為當(dāng)?shù)氐姆菭I利組織和學(xué)校籌集資金，組織食品和衣物捐贈活動，并進(jìn)行一些隨機(jī)的善舉。這說明這個活動主要是為了鼓勵人們做慈善，故選C。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Nomatterwhatyoudo,besuretoshareyougooddeedonsocialmediaandinspireotherstocelebrateGivingTuesdayaswell!”可知作者鼓勵無論人們做什么，一定要在社交媒體上分享他們的善行，并鼓勵其他人也慶祝"給予星期二"!這說明作者鼓勵人們在社交媒體分享善行就是為了讓越來越多的人參與到這個活動，讓這個活動更受歡迎，故選D。（4）考查推理判斷。本文介紹了"給予星期二"這一活動，人們會在這一天進(jìn)行各種慈善活動，這反映了社會價值，是一種社會文化，所以最后可能來自網(wǎng)站的文化板塊，故選B?！军c評】本題考點涉及推理判斷題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。8．閱讀理解

Thereismoreofaconnectionbetweenfoodandculturethanyoumaythink.Onanindividuallevel,wegrowupeatingthefoodofourculture.Itbecomesapartofwhoweare.Manyassociatefoodfromourchildhoodwithwarmfeelingsandgoodmemoriesandittiesustoourfamilies,holdingaspecialandpersonalvalueforus.Foodfromourfamilyoftenbecomesthecomfortfoodweseekasadultsintimesoffrustrationandstress.

Onalargescale,traditionalfoodisanimportantpartofculture.Italsooperatesasanexpressionofcultureidentity.Immigrantsbringitwherevertheygo,anditisasymbolofpridefortheircultureandmeansofcopingwithhomesickness.

Manyimmigrantsopentheirownrestaurantsandservetraditionaldishes.However,thefooddoesnotremainexactlythesame.Somematerialsneededtomaketraditionaldishesmaynotbereadilyavailable,sothetasteandflavorcanbedifferentfromwhattheywouldprepareintheirhomecountries.Additionally,immigrantsdonotonlyselldishestopeoplefromthesamecountriesasthem,buttopeoplefromdifferentcountries.Therefore,theyhavetomakesmallchangesabouttheoriginaldishestocatertoawiderrangeofcustomers.Thosechangescancreatenewflavorsthatstillkeeptheculturalsignificanceofthedishes.

Weshouldembraceourheritage（傳統(tǒng)）throughourculture'sfoodbutalsobecomemoreinformedaboutotherculturesbytryingtheirfood.Itisimportanttorememberthateachdishhasaspecialplaceintheculturetowhichitbelongs,andisspecialtothosewhoprepareit.Foodisawindowintoculture,anditshouldbetreatedassuch.（1）What'sthefunctionoffoodmentionedinthearticle?A.

Tohelpmotivatehomesickness.

B.

Toshownationalidentity.C.

Toreflectacountry'shistory.

D.

Toshowacommunity'ssuperiority.（2）Whatdoestheunderlined"it"inParagraph2referto?A.

Thespecifictraditionalfood.

B.

Thenationalculture.C.

Atraditionalexpressionoffood.

D.

Theold-fashionedtaste.（3）Whydosomeimmigrantshavetochangetheoriginaldishesintheirrestaurant?A.

Toattachculturalimportancetotheirdishes.B.

Toannouncethebeginningoftheirli